Question 1

Which statement is TRUE regarding place cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are hardwired at birth. 
B)  There are sufficient numbers of neurons to assign a place cell to every place one will ever encounter. 
C)  They respond to an internal sense of location in space but not to external location cues. 
D)  They each have a preferred location called a place field. 
A)  They are hardwired at birth. 
B)  There are sufficient numbers of neurons to assign a place cell to every place one will ever encounter. 
C)  They respond to an internal sense of location in space but not to external location cues. 
D)  They each have a preferred location called a place field.

Question 2

Habituation to a stimulus:

Accepted Answer

A)  can carry risks. 
B)  occurs only in animals that have brains. 
C)  usually involves an increase in the response to a stimulus. 
D)  lasts forever. 
A)  can carry risks. 
B)  occurs only in animals that have brains. 
C)  usually involves an increase in the response to a stimulus. 
D)  lasts forever.

Question 3

Suppose a person repeatedly plays a low-pitched tone to a rat. Which statement would demonstrate dishabituation in the rat?

Accepted Answer

A)  After many trials, the rat no longer responds to the low-pitched tone. 
B)  The rat does not respond to a high-pitched tone. 
C)  The rat's response to the low-pitched tone increases over many trials. 
D)  The rat then responds to the low-pitched tone after a loud tone in the trial. 
A)  After many trials, the rat no longer responds to the low-pitched tone. 
B)  The rat does not respond to a high-pitched tone. 
C)  The rat's response to the low-pitched tone increases over many trials. 
D)  The rat then responds to the low-pitched tone after a loud tone in the trial.

Question 4

Sensitization:

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs in humans but not in other animals. 
B)  requires fewer exposures than are necessary for habituation. 
C)  is stimulus-specific. 
D)  dissipates rapidly in all learning situations. 
A)  occurs in humans but not in other animals. 
B)  requires fewer exposures than are necessary for habituation. 
C)  is stimulus-specific. 
D)  dissipates rapidly in all learning situations.

Question 5

A child repeatedly complains about having her teeth brushed by her mother. After a while, the mother doesn't even notice the child's complaints. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  sensitization. 
B)  habituation. 
C)  dishabituation. 
D)  priming. 
A)  sensitization. 
B)  habituation. 
C)  dishabituation. 
D)  priming.

Question 6

When experiences with an arousing stimulus lead to a stronger-than-normal response to a later stimulus, this is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  habituation. 
B)  sensitization. 
C)  dishabituation. 
D)  priming. 
A)  habituation. 
B)  sensitization. 
C)  dishabituation. 
D)  priming.

Question 7

Which statement is TRUE regarding the use of constraint-induced movement therapy to treat learned non-use?

Accepted Answer

A)  It exploits mechanisms of cortical plasticity. 
B)  It is less effective than encouraging people to use their affected limb. 
C)  It helps muscles to recover but has little effect on brain activity. 
D)  It is used when motor control is lost but sensation is retained. 
A)  It exploits mechanisms of cortical plasticity. 
B)  It is less effective than encouraging people to use their affected limb. 
C)  It helps muscles to recover but has little effect on brain activity. 
D)  It is used when motor control is lost but sensation is retained.

Question 8

In Aplysia, sensitization results from a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease in glutamate released from the sensory neurons. 
B)  increase in glutamate released from the sensory neurons. 
C)  decrease in the number of sensory neurons. 
D)  increase in the number of motor neurons. 
A)  decrease in glutamate released from the sensory neurons. 
B)  increase in glutamate released from the sensory neurons. 
C)  decrease in the number of sensory neurons. 
D)  increase in the number of motor neurons.

Question 9

An infant turns to look at a novel pattern, this is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  an orienting response. 
B)  latent learning. 
C)  habituation. 
D)  sensitization. 
A)  an orienting response. 
B)  latent learning. 
C)  habituation. 
D)  sensitization.

Question 10

Jack has two cats. "Mittens" purrs softly throughout much of the day, while "Patches" is usually quiet but every once in a while meows very loudly. Describe Jack's habituation to the sounds of his two cats. Refer to the factors that influence habituation in the answer.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Jack will habituate mo

Question 11

Cochlear implants:

Accepted Answer

A)  work by amplifying external sounds. 
B)  cause slow, gradual improvement in speech perception during the initial months. 
C)  generate virtual sounds that are nearly identical to normal speech sounds. 
D)  lead to reorganization of the auditory cortex in cats. 
A)  work by amplifying external sounds. 
B)  cause slow, gradual improvement in speech perception during the initial months. 
C)  generate virtual sounds that are nearly identical to normal speech sounds. 
D)  lead to reorganization of the auditory cortex in cats.

Question 12

Research has shown that, in the cortexes of opossums blinded at birth:

Accepted Answer

A)  area X, which exists in sighted opossums, was not present. 
B)  the visual area was smaller than normal, while the other sensory areas were of normal size. 
C)  within the visual area some neurons responded to auditory or somatosensory stimuli. 
D)  there were no multimodal neurons. 
A)  area X, which exists in sighted opossums, was not present. 
B)  the visual area was smaller than normal, while the other sensory areas were of normal size. 
C)  within the visual area some neurons responded to auditory or somatosensory stimuli. 
D)  there were no multimodal neurons.

Question 13

_____ exposure produces the fastest habituation, and _____ exposure produces the longest-lasting habituation.

Accepted Answer

A)  Massed; spaced 
B)  Spaced; massed 
C)  Massed; massed 
D)  Spaced; spaced 
A)  Massed; spaced 
B)  Spaced; massed 
C)  Massed; massed 
D)  Spaced; spaced

Question 14

According to dual process theory, when stimuli are highly arousing:

Accepted Answer

A)  habituation processes determine the response. 
B)  sensitization processes determine the response. 
C)  habituation processes dominate on the early trials. 
D)  habituation processes dominate on the later trials. 
A)  habituation processes determine the response. 
B)  sensitization processes determine the response. 
C)  habituation processes dominate on the early trials. 
D)  habituation processes dominate on the later trials.

Question 15

Robert Post found that, after an initial stressful event triggered a disorder such as depression, increasingly minor stressful events could trigger additional bouts of depression. This reasoning indicates that:

Accepted Answer

A)  some individuals learn how to be depressed. 
B)  depression can have more than one underlying cause. 
C)  some individuals become sensitized to stress and its associated physiological states. 
D)  depression is a very common disorder. 
A)  some individuals learn how to be depressed. 
B)  depression can have more than one underlying cause. 
C)  some individuals become sensitized to stress and its associated physiological states. 
D)  depression is a very common disorder.

Question 16

The Milwaukee police noticed a putrid smell in Jeffrey Dahmer's apartment. But because they had experienced many smelly apartments in the past, they did not investigate the source of the smell. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  sensitization. 
B)  habituation. 
C)  perceptual learning. 
D)  priming. 
A)  sensitization. 
B)  habituation. 
C)  perceptual learning. 
D)  priming.

Question 17

If the visual input to the cortex is cut off during development:

Accepted Answer

A)  visual acuity may be permanently degraded if sight is later restored. 
B)  cortical neurons that normally respond to visual input will be more sharply tuned to visual stimuli. 
C)  areas that normally respond to tactile or auditory stimuli will begin to respond to visual stimuli. 
D)  the visual area of the brain will increase in size. 
A)  visual acuity may be permanently degraded if sight is later restored. 
B)  cortical neurons that normally respond to visual input will be more sharply tuned to visual stimuli. 
C)  areas that normally respond to tactile or auditory stimuli will begin to respond to visual stimuli. 
D)  the visual area of the brain will increase in size.

Question 18

Why is the Aplysia a convenient species to use in the study of learning?

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: The nervous system is

Question 19

William James referred to _____ as a "sense of sameness."

Accepted Answer

A)  context 
B)  perception 
C)  consciousness 
D)  familiarity 
A)  context 
B)  perception 
C)  consciousness 
D)  familiarity

Question 20

People are generally better at distinguishing individuals belonging to racial groups that they frequently encounter than individuals belonging to racial groups with whom they don't interact. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  habituation. 
B)  priming. 
C)  mere exposure learning. 
D)  discrimination training. 
A)  habituation. 
B)  priming. 
C)  mere exposure learning. 
D)  discrimination training.

Which statement is TRUE regarding place cells?

Habituation to a stimulus:

Suppose a person repeatedly plays a low-pitched tone to a rat. Which statement would demonstrate dishabituation in the rat?

Sensitization:

A child repeatedly complains about having her teeth brushed by her mother. After a while, the mother doesn't even notice the child's complaints. This is an example of:

When experiences with an arousing stimulus lead to a stronger-than-normal response to a later stimulus, this is known as:

Which statement is TRUE regarding the use of constraint-induced movement therapy to treat learned non-use?

In Aplysia, sensitization results from a(n):

An infant turns to look at a novel pattern, this is an example of:

Jack has two cats. "Mittens" purrs softly throughout much of the day, while "Patches" is usually quiet but every once in a while meows very loudly. Describe Jack's habituation to the sounds of his two cats. Refer to the factors that influence habituation in the answer.

Cochlear implants:

Research has shown that, in the cortexes of opossums blinded at birth:

_ exposure produces the fastest habituation, and _ exposure produces the longest-lasting habituation.

According to dual process theory, when stimuli are highly arousing:

Robert Post found that, after an initial stressful event triggered a disorder such as depression, increasingly minor stressful events could trigger additional bouts of depression. This reasoning indicates that:

The Milwaukee police noticed a putrid smell in Jeffrey Dahmer's apartment. But because they had experienced many smelly apartments in the past, they did not investigate the source of the smell. This is an example of:

If the visual input to the cortex is cut off during development:

Why is the Aplysia a convenient species to use in the study of learning?

William James referred to _____ as a "sense of sameness."

People are generally better at distinguishing individuals belonging to racial groups that they frequently encounter than individuals belonging to racial groups with whom they don't interact. This is an example of:

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Significant Events

Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation Memory Module

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Events and for Facts

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Working Memory and Cognitive Control Integrative Topics Module

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

Exam 3: Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Which statement is TRUE regarding place cells?

Habituation to a stimulus:

Suppose a person repeatedly plays a low-pitched tone to a rat. Which statement would demonstrate dishabituation in the rat?

Sensitization:

A child repeatedly complains about having her teeth brushed by her mother. After a while, the mother doesn't even notice the child's complaints. This is an example of:

When experiences with an arousing stimulus lead to a stronger-than-normal response to a later stimulus, this is known as:

Which statement is TRUE regarding the use of constraint-induced movement therapy to treat learned non-use?

In Aplysia, sensitization results from a(n):

An infant turns to look at a novel pattern, this is an example of:

Jack has two cats. "Mittens" purrs softly throughout much of the day, while "Patches" is usually quiet but every once in a while meows very loudly. Describe Jack's habituation to the sounds of his two cats. Refer to the factors that influence habituation in the answer.

Cochlear implants:

Research has shown that, in the cortexes of opossums blinded at birth:

_____ exposure produces the fastest habituation, and _____ exposure produces the longest-lasting habituation.

According to dual process theory, when stimuli are highly arousing:

Robert Post found that, after an initial stressful event triggered a disorder such as depression, increasingly minor stressful events could trigger additional bouts of depression. This reasoning indicates that:

The Milwaukee police noticed a putrid smell in Jeffrey Dahmer's apartment. But because they had experienced many smelly apartments in the past, they did not investigate the source of the smell. This is an example of:

If the visual input to the cortex is cut off during development:

Why is the Aplysia a convenient species to use in the study of learning?

William James referred to _____ as a "sense of sameness."

People are generally better at distinguishing individuals belonging to racial groups that they frequently encounter than individuals belonging to racial groups with whom they don't interact. This is an example of:

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Significant Events

Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation Memory Module

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Events and for Facts

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Working Memory and Cognitive Control Integrative Topics Module

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

_ exposure produces the fastest habituation, and _ exposure produces the longest-lasting habituation.