Question 1

Which theorist was considered an empiricist?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plato 
B)  Charles Darwin 
C)  Francis Galton 
D)  Aristotle 
A)  Plato 
B)  Charles Darwin 
C)  Francis Galton 
D)  Aristotle

Question 2

If one is driven to the school by a friend each day, one will probably learn the route and be able to use it later on, even though there is no reward for using it. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  generalization. 
B)  latent learning. 
C)  the law of effect. 
D)  a placebo effect. 
A)  generalization. 
B)  latent learning. 
C)  the law of effect. 
D)  a placebo effect.

Question 3

Mathematical psychology was established by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Edward Tolman. 
B)  William James. 
C)  B. F. Skinner. 
D)  W. K. Estes. 
A)  Edward Tolman. 
B)  William James. 
C)  B. F. Skinner. 
D)  W. K. Estes.

Question 4

An experimenter is interested in determining whether drug X will improve people's memories. The experimenter administers drug X to one group and nothing to another group, and then measures how well each group can recall a passage of text. Explain how experimenter bias and subject bias could be problems in this study. How could each problem be overcome?

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Experimenter bias-if t

Question 5

In studying memory, Ebbinghaus was concerned that his data would be affected by the fact that he was more familiar with some words than others. He avoided this problem by using:

Accepted Answer

A)  real words that were familiar but very short. 
B)  real words that were unfamiliar to him. 
C)  three-letter nonsense words. 
D)  strings of digits. 
A)  real words that were familiar but very short. 
B)  real words that were unfamiliar to him. 
C)  three-letter nonsense words. 
D)  strings of digits.

Question 6

Which theorist was inspired by Edward Tolman to pursue the study of learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  John B. Watson 
B)  William James 
C)  B. F. Skinner 
D)  Edward Thorndike 
A)  John B. Watson 
B)  William James 
C)  B. F. Skinner 
D)  Edward Thorndike

Question 7

George Miller demonstrated that short-term memory capacity for digits was:

Accepted Answer

A)  between 10 and 20 digits. 
B)  virtually unlimited. 
C)  about 3 digits. 
D)  between 5 and 9 digits. 
A)  between 10 and 20 digits. 
B)  virtually unlimited. 
C)  about 3 digits. 
D)  between 5 and 9 digits.

Question 8

In a distributed representation, information is stored in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  pattern of activation across many nodes. 
B)  activity of a single node. 
C)  comparison of the activity between two nodes. 
D)  timing of the activation of two nodes. 
A)  pattern of activation across many nodes. 
B)  activity of a single node. 
C)  comparison of the activity between two nodes. 
D)  timing of the activation of two nodes.

Question 9

According to _____, attending a soccer game might activate a memory of having attended a hockey game the previous day because there would be an association between some of the components the two events have in common.

Accepted Answer

A)  William James 
B)  Charles Darwin 
C)  René Descartes 
D)  Francis Galton 
A)  William James 
B)  Charles Darwin 
C)  René Descartes 
D)  Francis Galton

Question 10

That Ebbinghaus served as his own participant was problematic because:

Accepted Answer

A)  his expectations might have influenced the results. 
B)  he could not manipulate an independent variable. 
C)  his studies were double-blind. 
D)  he didn't have any experimenter bias. 
A)  his expectations might have influenced the results. 
B)  he could not manipulate an independent variable. 
C)  his studies were double-blind. 
D)  he didn't have any experimenter bias.

Question 11

After a pigeon learns to peck at a green light, the pigeon also pecks at a light that is a slightly different shade of green. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  the learning curve. 
B)  the law of effect. 
C)  extinction. 
D)  generalization. 
A)  the learning curve. 
B)  the law of effect. 
C)  extinction. 
D)  generalization.

Question 12

Connectionist models propose that learning and memory involve:

Accepted Answer

A)  the storage and manipulation of symbols and labeled links. 
B)  networks of uniform and unlabeled connections. 
C)  random sampling of possible elements associated with a stimulus. 
D)  a one-step process of going from ignorance to knowledge in a single trial. 
A)  the storage and manipulation of symbols and labeled links. 
B)  networks of uniform and unlabeled connections. 
C)  random sampling of possible elements associated with a stimulus. 
D)  a one-step process of going from ignorance to knowledge in a single trial.

Question 13

Describe the methods Hermann Ebbinghaus used for studying memory.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Include desc

Question 14

The law of effect predicts which statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  If a tone is played while the dog is provided food, the dog will eventually salivate in response to the tone. 
B)  If a child is scratched by a black cat, the child will fear all cats, not just black ones. 
C)  If one remembers a couple of phone numbers a few hours after being told, one is less likely to forget them later. 
D)  If a teenager is grounded for taking the car without permission, he will ask for permission next time. 
A)  If a tone is played while the dog is provided food, the dog will eventually salivate in response to the tone. 
B)  If a child is scratched by a black cat, the child will fear all cats, not just black ones. 
C)  If one remembers a couple of phone numbers a few hours after being told, one is less likely to forget them later. 
D)  If a teenager is grounded for taking the car without permission, he will ask for permission next time.

Question 15

If experimenters play a very loud buzzer, a rat will be startled. If they repeatedly flash a light before the buzzer is played, the rat will eventually be startled by the light alone. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  generalization. 
B)  classical conditioning. 
C)  the law of effect. 
D)  instrumental conditioning. 
A)  generalization. 
B)  classical conditioning. 
C)  the law of effect. 
D)  instrumental conditioning.

Question 16

Pavlov paired a bell with food until a dog learned to salivate in response to the bell. To produce extinction, Pavlov:

Accepted Answer

A)  rang the bell more quietly. 
B)  paired the bell with a different kind of food. 
C)  stopped ringing the bell. 
D)  paired the bell with the absence of food. 
A)  rang the bell more quietly. 
B)  paired the bell with a different kind of food. 
C)  stopped ringing the bell. 
D)  paired the bell with the absence of food.

Question 17

The view that all the ideas are the result of experience is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  associationism. 
B)  dualism. 
C)  empiricism. 
D)  nativism. 
A)  associationism. 
B)  dualism. 
C)  empiricism. 
D)  nativism.

Question 18

Which of these scientists is responsible for the number of digits in a standard phone number without the area code?

Accepted Answer

A)  John Locke 
B)  Edward Thorndike 
C)  David Rumelhart 
D)  George Miller 
A)  John Locke 
B)  Edward Thorndike 
C)  David Rumelhart 
D)  George Miller

Question 19

What was Gordon Bower's concern regarding reporting average learning curves for a large group of people?

Accepted Answer

A)  The average may demonstrate incremental learning even if all individuals demonstrate learning by insight. 
B)  The results may not be generalizable to other groups of people. 
C)  The average fails to distinguish between slow and quick learners. 
D)  The results from lab experiments may not apply to the real world. 
A)  The average may demonstrate incremental learning even if all individuals demonstrate learning by insight. 
B)  The results may not be generalizable to other groups of people. 
C)  The average fails to distinguish between slow and quick learners. 
D)  The results from lab experiments may not apply to the real world.

Question 20

Gary attended a party and bumped into a friend he had not seen in years. Seeing the friend immediately triggered memories of things they had done together. Which idea about memory does this example demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  nativism 
B)  dualism 
C)  associationism 
D)  empiricism 
A)  nativism 
B)  dualism 
C)  associationism 
D)  empiricism

Which theorist was considered an empiricist?

If one is driven to the school by a friend each day, one will probably learn the route and be able to use it later on, even though there is no reward for using it. This is an example of:

Mathematical psychology was established by:

In studying memory, Ebbinghaus was concerned that his data would be affected by the fact that he was more familiar with some words than others. He avoided this problem by using:

Which theorist was inspired by Edward Tolman to pursue the study of learning?

George Miller demonstrated that short-term memory capacity for digits was:

In a distributed representation, information is stored in the:

According to _____, attending a soccer game might activate a memory of having attended a hockey game the previous day because there would be an association between some of the components the two events have in common.

That Ebbinghaus served as his own participant was problematic because:

After a pigeon learns to peck at a green light, the pigeon also pecks at a light that is a slightly different shade of green. This is an example of:

Connectionist models propose that learning and memory involve:

Describe the methods Hermann Ebbinghaus used for studying memory.

The law of effect predicts which statement?

If experimenters play a very loud buzzer, a rat will be startled. If they repeatedly flash a light before the buzzer is played, the rat will eventually be startled by the light alone. This is an example of:

Pavlov paired a bell with food until a dog learned to salivate in response to the bell. To produce extinction, Pavlov:

The view that all the ideas are the result of experience is called:

Which of these scientists is responsible for the number of digits in a standard phone number without the area code?

What was Gordon Bower's concern regarding reporting average learning curves for a large group of people?

Gary attended a party and bumped into a friend he had not seen in years. Seeing the friend immediately triggered memories of things they had done together. Which idea about memory does this example demonstrate?

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Significant Events

Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation Memory Module

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Events and for Facts

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Working Memory and Cognitive Control Integrative Topics Module

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

Exam 1: Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

Which theorist was considered an empiricist?

If one is driven to the school by a friend each day, one will probably learn the route and be able to use it later on, even though there is no reward for using it. This is an example of:

Mathematical psychology was established by:

In studying memory, Ebbinghaus was concerned that his data would be affected by the fact that he was more familiar with some words than others. He avoided this problem by using:

Which theorist was inspired by Edward Tolman to pursue the study of learning?

George Miller demonstrated that short-term memory capacity for digits was:

In a distributed representation, information is stored in the:

According to _____, attending a soccer game might activate a memory of having attended a hockey game the previous day because there would be an association between some of the components the two events have in common.

That Ebbinghaus served as his own participant was problematic because:

After a pigeon learns to peck at a green light, the pigeon also pecks at a light that is a slightly different shade of green. This is an example of:

Connectionist models propose that learning and memory involve:

Describe the methods Hermann Ebbinghaus used for studying memory.

The law of effect predicts which statement?

If experimenters play a very loud buzzer, a rat will be startled. If they repeatedly flash a light before the buzzer is played, the rat will eventually be startled by the light alone. This is an example of:

Pavlov paired a bell with food until a dog learned to salivate in response to the bell. To produce extinction, Pavlov:

The view that all the ideas are the result of experience is called:

Which of these scientists is responsible for the number of digits in a standard phone number without the area code?

What was Gordon Bower's concern regarding reporting average learning curves for a large group of people?

Gary attended a party and bumped into a friend he had not seen in years. Seeing the friend immediately triggered memories of things they had done together. Which idea about memory does this example demonstrate?

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Significant Events

Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation Memory Module

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Events and for Facts

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Working Memory and Cognitive Control Integrative Topics Module

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters