Question 1

What has been discovered as a result of the Human Genome Project?

Accepted Answer

A)  the location of genes associated with disease 
B)  the nucleotide sequence of a human 
C)  the arrangement of genes in the genome 
D)  the genes associated with proteins 
E)  All of the above have been discovered. 
A)  the location of genes associated with disease 
B)  the nucleotide sequence of a human 
C)  the arrangement of genes in the genome 
D)  the genes associated with proteins 
E)  All of the above have been discovered.

Question 2

Where in the cell are the instructions for making all of the proteins required by the body found?

Accepted Answer

A)  on DNA in the cytoplasm 
B)  on RNA in the mitochondria 
C)  on RNA in the cell membrane 
D)  on DNA in the nucleus 
E)  on DNA in the mitochondria 
A)  on DNA in the cytoplasm 
B)  on RNA in the mitochondria 
C)  on RNA in the cell membrane 
D)  on DNA in the nucleus 
E)  on DNA in the mitochondria

Question 3

The two strands of DNA in the DNA double helix are held together by _____ bonds between nucleotides.

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen 
B)  phosphodiester 
C)  amide 
D)  ionic 
E)  glycosidic 
A)  hydrogen 
B)  phosphodiester 
C)  amide 
D)  ionic 
E)  glycosidic

Question 4

Which of the following is required by the reaction that joins a nucleotide to a growing polynucleotide chain?

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleotide triphosphates 
B)  energy 
C)  a 3′ alcohol 
D)  a 5′ phosphate group 
E)  All of the above are required. 
A)  nucleotide triphosphates 
B)  energy 
C)  a 3′ alcohol 
D)  a 5′ phosphate group 
E)  All of the above are required.

Question 5

Very generally, what is the process of expressing a gene to make protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  transcription of DNA followed by translation of mRNA 
B)  replication of DNA followed by translation of mRNA 
C)  transcription of DNA followed by replication of mRNA 
D)  translation of DNA followed by transcription of mRNA 
E)  replication of DNA followed by transcription of mRNA 
A)  transcription of DNA followed by translation of mRNA 
B)  replication of DNA followed by translation of mRNA 
C)  transcription of DNA followed by replication of mRNA 
D)  translation of DNA followed by transcription of mRNA 
E)  replication of DNA followed by transcription of mRNA

Question 6

What is the DNA sequence that the codon shown below was translated from?

Accepted Answer

A)  3′-CGG-5′ 
B)  5′-CGG-3′ 
C)  3′-GCC-5′ 
D)  5′-GCC-3′ 
E)  It is not possible to determine. 
A)  3′-CGG-5′ 
B)  5′-CGG-3′ 
C)  3′-GCC-5′ 
D)  5′-GCC-3′ 
E)  It is not possible to determine.

Question 7

Which carbon is the anomeric carbon?

Accepted Answer

A)  1' 
B)  2' 
C)  3' 
D)  4' 
E)  5' 
A)  1' 
B)  2' 
C)  3' 
D)  4' 
E)  5'

Question 8

What is the complement of this sequence of DNA: 5′-CCTATCGA-3′?

Accepted Answer

A)  5′-CCTATCGA-3′ 
B)  3′-CCTATCGA-5′ 
C)  3′-AGCTATCC-5′ 
D)  5′-GGATAGCT-3′ 
E)  5′-TCGATAGG-3′ 
A)  5′-CCTATCGA-3′ 
B)  3′-CCTATCGA-5′ 
C)  3′-AGCTATCC-5′ 
D)  5′-GGATAGCT-3′ 
E)  5′-TCGATAGG-3′

Question 9

Is the DNA double helix parallel or antiparallel, and what does this mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is parallel, meaning that the two strands both run alongside one another. 
B)  It is parallel, meaning that the base pairs are parallel. 
C)  It is parallel, meaning that the 5′ end of one strand is positioned opposite the 5′ end of the other strand. 
D)  It is antiparallel, meaning that the 5′ end of one strand is positioned opposite the 3′ end of the other strand. 
E)  It is antiparallel, meaning that the bases are perpendicular to the backbone. 
A)  It is parallel, meaning that the two strands both run alongside one another. 
B)  It is parallel, meaning that the base pairs are parallel. 
C)  It is parallel, meaning that the 5′ end of one strand is positioned opposite the 5′ end of the other strand. 
D)  It is antiparallel, meaning that the 5′ end of one strand is positioned opposite the 3′ end of the other strand. 
E)  It is antiparallel, meaning that the bases are perpendicular to the backbone.

Question 10

During replication, the DNA is unwound by _________, copied by _________, and proofread by _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a helicase; DNA replicase; DNA polymerase 
B)  an isomerase; DNA polymerase; DNA polymerase 
C)  an isomerase; DNA replicase; DNA polymerase 
D)  a helicase; DNA polymerase; DNA polymerase 
E)  DNA replicase does all of these tasks. 
A)  a helicase; DNA replicase; DNA polymerase 
B)  an isomerase; DNA polymerase; DNA polymerase 
C)  an isomerase; DNA replicase; DNA polymerase 
D)  a helicase; DNA polymerase; DNA polymerase 
E)  DNA replicase does all of these tasks.

Question 11

A _____ consists of only a nitrogenous base and a sugar.

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleoside 
B)  nucleotide 
C)  pyrimidine 
D)  purine 
E)  base pair 
A)  nucleoside 
B)  nucleotide 
C)  pyrimidine 
D)  purine 
E)  base pair

Question 12

The diagram shown below illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  translation. 
B)  transcription. 
C)  protein replication. 
D)  RNA replication 
E)  DNA replication 
A)  translation. 
B)  transcription. 
C)  protein replication. 
D)  RNA replication 
E)  DNA replication

Question 13

Which statement about DNA transcription is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both DNA strands can act as a template for mRNA. 
B)  DNA is transcribed to mRNA from the 5′ end to the 3′ end. 
C)  DNA transcription starts at a start codon. 
D)  The whole DNA strand is always transcribed when a gene on that strand is expressed. 
E)  DNA does not need to unfold before transcription occurs. 
A)  Both DNA strands can act as a template for mRNA. 
B)  DNA is transcribed to mRNA from the 5′ end to the 3′ end. 
C)  DNA transcription starts at a start codon. 
D)  The whole DNA strand is always transcribed when a gene on that strand is expressed. 
E)  DNA does not need to unfold before transcription occurs.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT determined by human DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  the predisposition to some diseases 
B)  natural hair color 
C)  height 
D)  shoe size 
E)  All of the above are determined by DNA. 
A)  the predisposition to some diseases 
B)  natural hair color 
C)  height 
D)  shoe size 
E)  All of the above are determined by DNA.

Question 15

About how much of the genome codes for proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  1% 
B)  2% 
C)  10% 
D)  50% 
E)  99% 
A)  1% 
B)  2% 
C)  10% 
D)  50% 
E)  99%

Question 16

What is the BEST name for the type of bond that forms between a sugar and a nitrogen base in a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A)  an anomeric bond 
B)  a glycolysis bond 
C)  a nitrogenous bond 
D)  a β-N-glycosidic bond 
E)  a β-N-ribose bond 
A)  an anomeric bond 
B)  a glycolysis bond 
C)  a nitrogenous bond 
D)  a β-N-glycosidic bond 
E)  a β-N-ribose bond

Question 17

What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

Accepted Answer

A)  It catalyzes the synthesis of a new mRNA molecule. 
B)  It copies the sequence of nucleotides on the template strand of DNA as a complementary sequence of mRNA bases. 
C)  It catalyzes the formation of phosphate ester bonds. 
D)  It is an enzyme. 
E)  All of the above are roles of RNA polymerase in transcription. 
A)  It catalyzes the synthesis of a new mRNA molecule. 
B)  It copies the sequence of nucleotides on the template strand of DNA as a complementary sequence of mRNA bases. 
C)  It catalyzes the formation of phosphate ester bonds. 
D)  It is an enzyme. 
E)  All of the above are roles of RNA polymerase in transcription.

Question 18

The function of DNA is to _______, whereas the function of RNA is to ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  store information about proteins; construct proteins based on the information in DNA 
B)  construct and store proteins; transport proteins to needed locations in the body 
C)  build proteins; break down proteins 
D)  act as a blueprint for the body; synthesize whatever biomolecules are required for the body to function 
E)  act as a blueprint for proteins; act as a blueprint for other biomolecules 
A)  store information about proteins; construct proteins based on the information in DNA 
B)  construct and store proteins; transport proteins to needed locations in the body 
C)  build proteins; break down proteins 
D)  act as a blueprint for the body; synthesize whatever biomolecules are required for the body to function 
E)  act as a blueprint for proteins; act as a blueprint for other biomolecules

Question 19

Which statement BEST describes what occurs during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

A)  A complementary strand of mRNA is produced from a single DNA strand. 
B)  The DNA double helix unfolds, and each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new strand of DNA. 
C)  A complementary strand of mRNA is produced from both DNA strands. 
D)  The DNA double helix unfolds, and one strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new strand of DNA. 
E)  tRNA is activated. 
A)  A complementary strand of mRNA is produced from a single DNA strand. 
B)  The DNA double helix unfolds, and each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new strand of DNA. 
C)  A complementary strand of mRNA is produced from both DNA strands. 
D)  The DNA double helix unfolds, and one strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new strand of DNA. 
E)  tRNA is activated.

Question 20

Which statement BEST describes how a mutation can lead to cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)  A mutation by itself is defined as cancer. 
B)  Mutations in genes that produce proteins involved in construction in the cell membrane result in cells that look abnormal. 
C)  Mutations in genes that produce proteins involved in cell replication can lead to unrestrained growth of cells. 
D)  Mutation in any gene produces cancer-causing proteins. 
E)  Mutations in genes have nothing to do with cancer. 
A)  A mutation by itself is defined as cancer. 
B)  Mutations in genes that produce proteins involved in construction in the cell membrane result in cells that look abnormal. 
C)  Mutations in genes that produce proteins involved in cell replication can lead to unrestrained growth of cells. 
D)  Mutation in any gene produces cancer-causing proteins. 
E)  Mutations in genes have nothing to do with cancer.

What has been discovered as a result of the Human Genome Project?

Where in the cell are the instructions for making all of the proteins required by the body found?

The two strands of DNA in the DNA double helix are held together by _____ bonds between nucleotides.

Which of the following is required by the reaction that joins a nucleotide to a growing polynucleotide chain?

Very generally, what is the process of expressing a gene to make protein?

What is the DNA sequence that the codon shown below was translated from?

Which carbon is the anomeric carbon?

What is the complement of this sequence of DNA: 5′-CCTATCGA-3′?

Is the DNA double helix parallel or antiparallel, and what does this mean?

During replication, the DNA is unwound by _____, copied by _, and proofread by _____.

A _____ consists of only a nitrogenous base and a sugar.

The diagram shown below illustrates

Which statement about DNA transcription is TRUE?

Which of the following is NOT determined by human DNA?

About how much of the genome codes for proteins?

What is the BEST name for the type of bond that forms between a sugar and a nitrogen base in a nucleotide?

What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

The function of DNA is to _, whereas the function of RNA is to _____.

Which statement BEST describes what occurs during DNA replication?

Which statement BEST describes how a mutation can lead to cancer?

Matter, Energy, and Measurement

Atomic Structure and Radioisotopes

Ionic and Covalent Compounds

Molecular Geometry, Polarity, and Intermolecular

Chemical Quantities and Introduction to Reactions

Chemical Reactions: Energy, Rates, and Equilibrium

Changes of State and Gas Laws

Mixtures, Solution Concentrations, and Diffusion

Acids and Bases, Ph, and Buffers

Introduction to Organic Chemistry:

Alcohols, Phenols, Thiols, Ethers, and Amines

The Carbonyl Containing Functional Groups

The Common Organic Reactions in Biochemistry

Carbohydrates: Structure and Function

Lipids: Structure and Function

Proteins: Structure and Function

Energy and Metabolism

Filters

Exam 17: Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

What has been discovered as a result of the Human Genome Project?

Where in the cell are the instructions for making all of the proteins required by the body found?

The two strands of DNA in the DNA double helix are held together by _____ bonds between nucleotides.

Which of the following is required by the reaction that joins a nucleotide to a growing polynucleotide chain?

Very generally, what is the process of expressing a gene to make protein?

What is the DNA sequence that the codon shown below was translated from?

Which carbon is the anomeric carbon?

What is the complement of this sequence of DNA: 5′-CCTATCGA-3′?

Is the DNA double helix parallel or antiparallel, and what does this mean?

During replication, the DNA is unwound by _________, copied by _________, and proofread by _________.

A _____ consists of only a nitrogenous base and a sugar.

The diagram shown below illustrates

Which statement about DNA transcription is TRUE?

Which of the following is NOT determined by human DNA?

About how much of the genome codes for proteins?

What is the BEST name for the type of bond that forms between a sugar and a nitrogen base in a nucleotide?

What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

The function of DNA is to _______, whereas the function of RNA is to ___________.

Which statement BEST describes what occurs during DNA replication?

Which statement BEST describes how a mutation can lead to cancer?

Matter, Energy, and Measurement

Atomic Structure and Radioisotopes

Ionic and Covalent Compounds

Molecular Geometry, Polarity, and Intermolecular

Chemical Quantities and Introduction to Reactions

Chemical Reactions: Energy, Rates, and Equilibrium

Changes of State and Gas Laws

Mixtures, Solution Concentrations, and Diffusion

Acids and Bases, Ph, and Buffers

Introduction to Organic Chemistry:

Alcohols, Phenols, Thiols, Ethers, and Amines

The Carbonyl Containing Functional Groups

The Common Organic Reactions in Biochemistry

Carbohydrates: Structure and Function

Lipids: Structure and Function

Proteins: Structure and Function

Energy and Metabolism

Filters

During replication, the DNA is unwound by _____, copied by _, and proofread by _____.

The function of DNA is to _, whereas the function of RNA is to _____.