Question 1

A molecule that is nonsuperimposable on its mirror image is/are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  impossible 
B)  chiral 
C)  reflective 
D)  identical 
E)  conformers 
A)  impossible 
B)  chiral 
C)  reflective 
D)  identical 
E)  conformers B

Question 2

What is the product(s)of the hydrolysis of the following sugar?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    D

Question 3

Which carbon(s)in the Fischer projection below is/are a chirality center?

Accepted Answer

A)  all carbons 
B)  carbon I only 
C)  carbon II only 
D)  carbons I and II 
E)  None of the carbons is a chirality center. 
A)  all carbons 
B)  carbon I only 
C)  carbon II only 
D)  carbons I and II 
E)  None of the carbons is a chirality center. C

Question 4

The ring structure shown below left is called a ________, and the ring structure to the below right is called a _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  pyranose; pyranose 
B)  pyranose; furanose 
C)  furanose; furanose 
D)  furanose; pyranose 
E)  The choices given do not apply to ring forms of sugars. 
A)  pyranose; pyranose 
B)  pyranose; furanose 
C)  furanose; furanose 
D)  furanose; pyranose 
E)  The choices given do not apply to ring forms of sugars.

Question 5

Which of the following statements related to the formation of dental caries is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anaerobic bacteria produce lactic acid. 
B)  Anaerobic bacteria convert glucose into carbon dioxide and water. 
C)  Lactic acid reduces the pH of the environment of the tooth enamel to pH 4-5. 
D)  Tooth enamel dissolves in a pH 4-5 environment. 
E)  Brushing removes sugars from the teeth. 
A)  Anaerobic bacteria produce lactic acid. 
B)  Anaerobic bacteria convert glucose into carbon dioxide and water. 
C)  Lactic acid reduces the pH of the environment of the tooth enamel to pH 4-5. 
D)  Tooth enamel dissolves in a pH 4-5 environment. 
E)  Brushing removes sugars from the teeth.

Question 6

Which carbon(s)in the Fischer projection below is/are a chirality center?

Accepted Answer

A)  all carbons 
B)  carbon I only 
C)  carbon I and VI only 
D)  carbons II, III, IV, and V 
E)  carbons II through IV 
A)  all carbons 
B)  carbon I only 
C)  carbon I and VI only 
D)  carbons II, III, IV, and V 
E)  carbons II through IV

Question 7

The open-chain form of a carbohydrate contains a carbonyl group.This carbonyl group reacts to become an alcohol when the ring closes, forming the anomeric carbon.The type of carbonyl determines which type of ring is formed.Select the choice in which the type of carbonyl is paired with the correct type of ring that is formed.

Accepted Answer

A)  ketone and pyranose 
B)  aldehyde and pyranose 
C)  carboxylic acid and furanose 
D)  carboxylic acid and pyranose 
E)  aldehyde and furanose 
A)  ketone and pyranose 
B)  aldehyde and pyranose 
C)  carboxylic acid and furanose 
D)  carboxylic acid and pyranose 
E)  aldehyde and furanose

Question 8

Which statement BEST describes mutarotation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The open chain, α-anomer and β-anomer of a sugar are in equilibrium in solution. 
B)  The sugar spins around (rotates)in solution. 
C)  The sugar mutates in solution. 
D)  The sugar decomposes in solution. 
E)  The sugar both spins around and mutates in solution. 
A)  The open chain, α-anomer and β-anomer of a sugar are in equilibrium in solution. 
B)  The sugar spins around (rotates)in solution. 
C)  The sugar mutates in solution. 
D)  The sugar decomposes in solution. 
E)  The sugar both spins around and mutates in solution.

Question 9

Which statement about enantiomers is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enantiomers have different boiling points and melting points. 
B)  Enantiomers are easy to separate in the laboratory. 
C)  Enantiomers bind to receptors equally effectively. 
D)  Only one enantiomer of a drug will have a pharmacological effect. 
E)  Enantiomers may have different properties in a chiral environment. 
A)  Enantiomers have different boiling points and melting points. 
B)  Enantiomers are easy to separate in the laboratory. 
C)  Enantiomers bind to receptors equally effectively. 
D)  Only one enantiomer of a drug will have a pharmacological effect. 
E)  Enantiomers may have different properties in a chiral environment.

Question 10

What is the relationship between the two molecules below?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are enantiomers. 
B)  They are identical. 
C)  They are conformers. 
D)  They are constitutional isomers. 
E)  They are unrelated. 
A)  They are enantiomers. 
B)  They are identical. 
C)  They are conformers. 
D)  They are constitutional isomers. 
E)  They are unrelated.

Question 11

Why can't insulin be taken orally?

Accepted Answer

A)  It does not taste very good. 
B)  Enzymes in the saliva break it down. 
C)  Hydrolysis of insulin occurs in the stomach. 
D)  It is not possible to store insulin. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  It does not taste very good. 
B)  Enzymes in the saliva break it down. 
C)  Hydrolysis of insulin occurs in the stomach. 
D)  It is not possible to store insulin. 
E)  All of the above

Question 12

What do the IUPAC prefixes R and S indicate about a molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  the relative size of the molecule 
B)  the solubility of the molecule 
C)  whether the molecule is a sugar or not 
D)  the configuration of chirality center 
E)  the reactivity of the molecule 
A)  the relative size of the molecule 
B)  the solubility of the molecule 
C)  whether the molecule is a sugar or not 
D)  the configuration of chirality center 
E)  the reactivity of the molecule

Question 13

A molecule that is chiral has no _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  tetrahedral carbons 
B)  heteroatoms 
C)  mirror plane 
D)  reflection 
E)  conformations 
A)  tetrahedral carbons 
B)  heteroatoms 
C)  mirror plane 
D)  reflection 
E)  conformations

Question 14

Insulin acts to __________, whereas glucagon __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  increase blood sugar; decreases blood sugar 
B)  stimulate gluconeogenesis; stimulates glycogenesis 
C)  suppress gluconeogenesis; suppresses glycogenesis 
D)  decrease blood sugar; increases blood sugar 
E)  stimulate glycogenesis; suppresses glycogenesis 
A)  increase blood sugar; decreases blood sugar 
B)  stimulate gluconeogenesis; stimulates glycogenesis 
C)  suppress gluconeogenesis; suppresses glycogenesis 
D)  decrease blood sugar; increases blood sugar 
E)  stimulate glycogenesis; suppresses glycogenesis

Question 15

The Fischer projection for fructose is shown below.Is it a D-sugar or an L-sugar?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a D-sugar because the hydroxyl at carbon A is to the right. 
B)  It is a D-sugar because the carbonyl at carbon B is to the right. 
C)  It is a D-sugar because the hydroxyl at carbon C is to the right. 
D)  It is an L-sugar because the carbonyl at carbon B is to the right. 
E)  It is an L-sugar because the hydroxyl at carbon C is to the right. 
A)  It is a D-sugar because the hydroxyl at carbon A is to the right. 
B)  It is a D-sugar because the carbonyl at carbon B is to the right. 
C)  It is a D-sugar because the hydroxyl at carbon C is to the right. 
D)  It is an L-sugar because the carbonyl at carbon B is to the right. 
E)  It is an L-sugar because the hydroxyl at carbon C is to the right.

Question 16

Which structure is a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

A)  structure a 
B)  structure b 
C)  structure c 
D)  structure d 
E)  All of these are monosaccharides. 
A)  structure a 
B)  structure b 
C)  structure c 
D)  structure d 
E)  All of these are monosaccharides.

Question 17

Starches in our diet can contain up to __________of glucose units.

Accepted Answer

A)  tens 
B)  hundreds 
C)  thousands 
D)  millions 
E)  billions 
A)  tens 
B)  hundreds 
C)  thousands 
D)  millions 
E)  billions

Question 18

How are glycosidic linkages broken during catabolism of sugars?

Accepted Answer

A)  by oxidation 
B)  by reduction 
C)  by hydrolysis 
D)  by hydrogenation 
E)  by dehydration 
A)  by oxidation 
B)  by reduction 
C)  by hydrolysis 
D)  by hydrogenation 
E)  by dehydration

Question 19

A patient undergoing a kidney transplant is given a kidney from a person with type B blood when the patient is, in fact, type O.What effect of this mistake would be most likely?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nothing, blood type does not matter in organ transplants. 
B)  Nothing, type O is the universal recipient. 
C)  organ failure 
D)  coma 
E)  a mild allergic reaction 
A)  Nothing, blood type does not matter in organ transplants. 
B)  Nothing, type O is the universal recipient. 
C)  organ failure 
D)  coma 
E)  a mild allergic reaction

Question 20

Which statement BEST describes how brushing your teeth prevents cavities?

Accepted Answer

A)  Toothpaste stops the metabolism of glucose. 
B)  Toothpaste neutralizes lactic acid. 
C)  Brushing removes sugars. 
D)  Brushing removes anaerobic bacteria. 
E)  Toothpaste increases pH in the mouth. 
A)  Toothpaste stops the metabolism of glucose. 
B)  Toothpaste neutralizes lactic acid. 
C)  Brushing removes sugars. 
D)  Brushing removes anaerobic bacteria. 
E)  Toothpaste increases pH in the mouth.

A molecule that is nonsuperimposable on its mirror image is/are ________.

What is the product(s)of the hydrolysis of the following sugar?

Which carbon(s)in the Fischer projection below is/are a chirality center?

The ring structure shown below left is called a , and the ring structure to the below right is called a _.

Which of the following statements related to the formation of dental caries is FALSE?

Which carbon(s)in the Fischer projection below is/are a chirality center?

Which statement BEST describes mutarotation?

Which statement about enantiomers is TRUE?

What is the relationship between the two molecules below?

Why can't insulin be taken orally?

What do the IUPAC prefixes R and S indicate about a molecule?

A molecule that is chiral has no _________.

Insulin acts to , whereas glucagon .

The Fischer projection for fructose is shown below.Is it a D-sugar or an L-sugar?

Which structure is a monosaccharide?

Starches in our diet can contain up to __________of glucose units.

How are glycosidic linkages broken during catabolism of sugars?

A patient undergoing a kidney transplant is given a kidney from a person with type B blood when the patient is, in fact, type O.What effect of this mistake would be most likely?

Which statement BEST describes how brushing your teeth prevents cavities?

Matter, Energy, and Measurement

Atomic Structure and Radioisotopes

Ionic and Covalent Compounds

Molecular Geometry, Polarity, and Intermolecular

Chemical Quantities and Introduction to Reactions

Chemical Reactions: Energy, Rates, and Equilibrium

Changes of State and Gas Laws

Mixtures, Solution Concentrations, and Diffusion

Acids and Bases, Ph, and Buffers

Introduction to Organic Chemistry:

Alcohols, Phenols, Thiols, Ethers, and Amines

The Carbonyl Containing Functional Groups

The Common Organic Reactions in Biochemistry

Lipids: Structure and Function

Proteins: Structure and Function

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Energy and Metabolism

Filters

Exam 14: Carbohydrates: Structure and Function

A molecule that is nonsuperimposable on its mirror image is/are ________.

What is the product(s)of the hydrolysis of the following sugar?

Which carbon(s)in the Fischer projection below is/are a chirality center?

The ring structure shown below left is called a ________, and the ring structure to the below right is called a _________.

Which of the following statements related to the formation of dental caries is FALSE?

Which carbon(s)in the Fischer projection below is/are a chirality center?

Which statement BEST describes mutarotation?

Which statement about enantiomers is TRUE?

What is the relationship between the two molecules below?

Why can't insulin be taken orally?

What do the IUPAC prefixes R and S indicate about a molecule?

A molecule that is chiral has no _________.

Insulin acts to __________, whereas glucagon __________.

The Fischer projection for fructose is shown below.Is it a D-sugar or an L-sugar?

Which structure is a monosaccharide?

Starches in our diet can contain up to __________of glucose units.

How are glycosidic linkages broken during catabolism of sugars?

A patient undergoing a kidney transplant is given a kidney from a person with type B blood when the patient is, in fact, type O.What effect of this mistake would be most likely?

Which statement BEST describes how brushing your teeth prevents cavities?

Matter, Energy, and Measurement

Atomic Structure and Radioisotopes

Ionic and Covalent Compounds

Molecular Geometry, Polarity, and Intermolecular

Chemical Quantities and Introduction to Reactions

Chemical Reactions: Energy, Rates, and Equilibrium

Changes of State and Gas Laws

Mixtures, Solution Concentrations, and Diffusion

Acids and Bases, Ph, and Buffers

Introduction to Organic Chemistry:

Alcohols, Phenols, Thiols, Ethers, and Amines

The Carbonyl Containing Functional Groups

The Common Organic Reactions in Biochemistry

Lipids: Structure and Function

Proteins: Structure and Function

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Energy and Metabolism

Filters

The ring structure shown below left is called a , and the ring structure to the below right is called a _.

Insulin acts to , whereas glucagon .