Question 1

What is the most common use of adsorption?

Accepted Answer

A)  Removal of plasma protein from patient serum 
B)  Removal of alloantibody from patient serum 
C)  Removal of autoantibody from patient serum 
D)  Removal of drug-induced antibody from patient serum 
A)  Removal of plasma protein from patient serum 
B)  Removal of alloantibody from patient serum 
C)  Removal of autoantibody from patient serum 
D)  Removal of drug-induced antibody from patient serum

Question 2

What is the purpose of saline washing in the antibody screen procedure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Removal of bound IgG that would otherwise neutralize the AHG reagent 
B)  Removal of unbound IgG that would neutralize the AHG reagent 
C)  Stripping of the red blood cell membrane for alloantibody binding 
D)  Removal of unbound IgM that would neutralize AHG reagent 
A)  Removal of bound IgG that would otherwise neutralize the AHG reagent 
B)  Removal of unbound IgG that would neutralize the AHG reagent 
C)  Stripping of the red blood cell membrane for alloantibody binding 
D)  Removal of unbound IgM that would neutralize AHG reagent

Question 3

Neutralization of antibody is applicable to all of the following blood groups except:

Accepted Answer

A)  Lewis. 
B)  Rh. 
C)  P1. 
D)  Chido. 
A)  Lewis. 
B)  Rh. 
C)  P1. 
D)  Chido.

Question 4

Which is the second phase of a hemagglutination reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Immunodiffusion 
B)  Precipitation 
C)  Sensitization 
D)  Agglutination 
A)  Immunodiffusion 
B)  Precipitation 
C)  Sensitization 
D)  Agglutination

Question 5

Which of the following statements is correct concerning cold antibody screens?

Accepted Answer

A)  Patient serum is incubated with group O adult and cord red blood cells at 4°C. 
B)  Patient serum is incubated with group O cord cells at 37°C. 
C)  Patient serum is incubated with check cells at 18°C. 
D)  Patient serum is incubated with group A cord cells at room temperature. 
A)  Patient serum is incubated with group O adult and cord red blood cells at 4°C. 
B)  Patient serum is incubated with group O cord cells at 37°C. 
C)  Patient serum is incubated with check cells at 18°C. 
D)  Patient serum is incubated with group A cord cells at room temperature.

Question 6

Which of the following statements concerning acid eluates is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Citric acid is an example of an acid eluate. 
B)  The pH is reduced to 3 or less to disrupt the antigen-antibody complex. 
C)  The pH of the eluate remains at 3 before testing against a panel. 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Citric acid is an example of an acid eluate. 
B)  The pH is reduced to 3 or less to disrupt the antigen-antibody complex. 
C)  The pH of the eluate remains at 3 before testing against a panel. 
D)  None of the above

Question 7

One drop of Coombs' control cells was added to a negative antibody screen. No agglutination was observed after centrifugation. What course of action is taken?

Accepted Answer

A)  Report negative result 
B)  Report inconclusive result 
C)  Repeat the test 
D)  Add one more drop of check cells and re-centrifuge 
A)  Report negative result 
B)  Report inconclusive result 
C)  Repeat the test 
D)  Add one more drop of check cells and re-centrifuge

Question 8

What determines if a red blood cell antibody is clinically significant?

Accepted Answer

A)  Class of antibody (IgG or IgM) 
B)  Shortened red blood cell survival 
C)  Shortened white blood cell survival 
D)  Shortened platelet survival 
A)  Class of antibody (IgG or IgM) 
B)  Shortened red blood cell survival 
C)  Shortened white blood cell survival 
D)  Shortened platelet survival

Question 9

If you suspect anti-C is present in a patient's serum, and anti-Fya still has to be ruled out using other reagent cells, what would the phenotype of the rule out cell have to be?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fy(a+), C-, Fy(b+) 
B)  Fy(a+), C-, Fy(b-) 
C)  Fy(a+), C+, Fy(b-) 
D)  Fy(a+), C+, Fy(b+) 
A)  Fy(a+), C-, Fy(b+) 
B)  Fy(a+), C-, Fy(b-) 
C)  Fy(a+), C+, Fy(b-) 
D)  Fy(a+), C+, Fy(b+)

Question 10

Name a disease in which your positive D control might be positive.

Accepted Answer

A)  PCH 
B)  Multiple myeloma 
C)  Huntington's disease 
D)  Epstein-Barr virus 
A)  PCH 
B)  Multiple myeloma 
C)  Huntington's disease 
D)  Epstein-Barr virus

Question 11

Why is rouleaux not usually found in the AHG phase of antibody screens?

Accepted Answer

A)  High protein molecules are not reactive at 37°C. 
B)  Patient cells are washed away before adding AHG. 
C)  Patient serum is washed away before adding AHG. 
D)  None of the above 
A)  High protein molecules are not reactive at 37°C. 
B)  Patient cells are washed away before adding AHG. 
C)  Patient serum is washed away before adding AHG. 
D)  None of the above

Question 12

Why is it important for screening cells to be from individuals who have a homozygous expression of antigens?

Accepted Answer

A)  Homozygous expression is directly related to clinically significant antibodies. 
B)  Stronger reactions are seen with heterozygous cells than with homozygous cells. 
C)  Weakly reacting antibodies may not agglutinate heterozygous cells. 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Homozygous expression is directly related to clinically significant antibodies. 
B)  Stronger reactions are seen with heterozygous cells than with homozygous cells. 
C)  Weakly reacting antibodies may not agglutinate heterozygous cells. 
D)  All of the above

Question 13

What is the final step in antibody identification?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phenotype donor's RBC units for corresponding antigen 
B)  Phenotype patient's RBCs for corresponding antibody 
C)  Phenotype patient's RBCs for corresponding antigen 
D)  Phenotype RBC units for corresponding antibody 
A)  Phenotype donor's RBC units for corresponding antigen 
B)  Phenotype patient's RBCs for corresponding antibody 
C)  Phenotype patient's RBCs for corresponding antigen 
D)  Phenotype RBC units for corresponding antibody

Question 14

What is tested in an antibody screen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Patient red blood cells are tested against group O reagent screening cells. 
B)  Patient serum is tested against group AB reagent screening cells. 
C)  Patient serum is tested against group O reagent screening cells. 
D)  Patient serum is tested against group A reagent screening cells. 
A)  Patient red blood cells are tested against group O reagent screening cells. 
B)  Patient serum is tested against group AB reagent screening cells. 
C)  Patient serum is tested against group O reagent screening cells. 
D)  Patient serum is tested against group A reagent screening cells.

Question 15

Cold-reactive autoantibodies can be selectively removed from patient serum by adsorption with autologous red blood cells (RBCs). What other cells can be used?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mouse RBCs 
B)  Goat RBCs 
C)  Rabbit RBCs 
D)  Donor RBCs 
A)  Mouse RBCs 
B)  Goat RBCs 
C)  Rabbit RBCs 
D)  Donor RBCs

Question 16

What is a possible explanation for a nonreactive eluate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) 
B)  Positive DAT due to drugs 
C)  A warm autoantibody 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) 
B)  Positive DAT due to drugs 
C)  A warm autoantibody 
D)  All of the above

Question 17

What is the simplest way of reducing the interferences from benign cold autoantibodies in antibody screening procedures?

Accepted Answer

A)  Use polyspecific AHG 
B)  Use monospecific IgG 
C)  Use prewarming techniques 
D)  Use cold autoabsorption techniques 
A)  Use polyspecific AHG 
B)  Use monospecific IgG 
C)  Use prewarming techniques 
D)  Use cold autoabsorption techniques

Question 18

Why might some blood banking facilities prefer the use of monospecific IgG over polyspecifiic antihuman globulin (AHG) in their antibody screens?

Accepted Answer

A)  Interference from naturally occurring warm antibodies in patient serum is reduced. 
B)  Interference from naturally occurring cold antibodies in patient serum is reduced. 
C)  There is more IgG in monospecific antisera than in polyspecific reagents. 
D)  Monospecific IgG has been standardized. 
A)  Interference from naturally occurring warm antibodies in patient serum is reduced. 
B)  Interference from naturally occurring cold antibodies in patient serum is reduced. 
C)  There is more IgG in monospecific antisera than in polyspecific reagents. 
D)  Monospecific IgG has been standardized.

Question 19

A positive autocontrol in antibody detection procedures is usually indicative of:

Accepted Answer

A)  inadequate washing. 
B)  positive DAT. 
C)  positive IAT. 
D)  none of the above. 
A)  inadequate washing. 
B)  positive DAT. 
C)  positive IAT. 
D)  none of the above.

Question 20

Which of the following is a mechanism of an elution procedure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Disruption of structural complementarity of antigen and antibody 
B)  Enhancement of structural complementarity of antigen and antibody 
C)  Exchange of one immunoglobulin class for another 
D)  Denaturation of membrane epitopes by chemical means 
A)  Disruption of structural complementarity of antigen and antibody 
B)  Enhancement of structural complementarity of antigen and antibody 
C)  Exchange of one immunoglobulin class for another 
D)  Denaturation of membrane epitopes by chemical means

Exam 10: Detection and Identification of Antibodies

What is the most common use of adsorption?

What is the purpose of saline washing in the antibody screen procedure?

Neutralization of antibody is applicable to all of the following blood groups except:

Which is the second phase of a hemagglutination reaction?

Which of the following statements is correct concerning cold antibody screens?

Which of the following statements concerning acid eluates is false?

One drop of Coombs' control cells was added to a negative antibody screen. No agglutination was observed after centrifugation. What course of action is taken?

What determines if a red blood cell antibody is clinically significant?

If you suspect anti-C is present in a patient's serum, and anti-Fya still has to be ruled out using other reagent cells, what would the phenotype of the rule out cell have to be?

Name a disease in which your positive D control might be positive.

Why is rouleaux not usually found in the AHG phase of antibody screens?

Why is it important for screening cells to be from individuals who have a homozygous expression of antigens?

What is the final step in antibody identification?

What is tested in an antibody screen?

Cold-reactive autoantibodies can be selectively removed from patient serum by adsorption with autologous red blood cells (RBCs). What other cells can be used?

What is a possible explanation for a nonreactive eluate?

What is the simplest way of reducing the interferences from benign cold autoantibodies in antibody screening procedures?

Why might some blood banking facilities prefer the use of monospecific IgG over polyspecifiic antihuman globulin (AHG) in their antibody screens?

A positive autocontrol in antibody detection procedures is usually indicative of:

Which of the following is a mechanism of an elution procedure?

Red Blood Cells and Platelet Preservation: Historical Perspectives and Current Trends

Basic Genetics

Fundamentals of Immunology

Concepts in Molecular Biology

The Antiglobulin Test

The Abo Blood Group System

The Rh Blood Group System

Blood Group Terminology and Common Blood Groups

Uncommon Blood Groups

Pre-Transfusion Testing

Blood Bank Technologies and Automation

Donor Selection

Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases

Component Preparation

Transfusion Therapy

Adverse Effects of Blood Transfusion

Apheresis

Cellular Therapy in the Transplant Setting

Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias

Tissue Banking As Part of the Transfusion Service

The Hla System

Relationship Testing

Quality Management

Patient Blood Management

Transfusion Safety and Federal Regulatory Requirements

Laboratory Information Systems in the Blood Bank

Medicolegal and Ethical Aspects of Providing Blood Collection and Transfusion Services

Filters

If you suspect anti-C is present in a patient's serum, and anti-Fy^a still has to be ruled out using other reagent cells, what would the phenotype of the rule out cell have to be?