Question 1

How does LISS enhance antibody detection in the antibody screen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increases the incubation times, which increases the sensitivity of the test 
B)  Increases the zeta potential, promoting agglutination of sensitized red blood cells 
C)  Increases the rate at which antibody binds to red blood cell antigens 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Increases the incubation times, which increases the sensitivity of the test 
B)  Increases the zeta potential, promoting agglutination of sensitized red blood cells 
C)  Increases the rate at which antibody binds to red blood cell antigens 
D)  None of the above

Question 2

The electrical force that exists between red blood cells is:

Accepted Answer

A)  called the zeta potential. 
B)  due to the net negative charge of the red blood cell membrane. 
C)  related to the voltage or potential that exists at the surface of the RBC and the outer layer of the ionic cloud. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  called the zeta potential. 
B)  due to the net negative charge of the red blood cell membrane. 
C)  related to the voltage or potential that exists at the surface of the RBC and the outer layer of the ionic cloud. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 3

What is the purpose of treating serum containing cold autoantibodies with dithiothreitol (DTT) or 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME)?

Accepted Answer

A)  To denature IgG alloantibody and test serum for presence of IgM autoantibody 
B)  To denature IgM cold autoantibody and test serum for presence of IgM alloantibody 
C)  To denature IgM cold autoantibody and test serum for presence of IgG alloantibody 
D)  To denature IgM drug-induced antibody and test serum for presence of IgG alloantibody 
A)  To denature IgG alloantibody and test serum for presence of IgM autoantibody 
B)  To denature IgM cold autoantibody and test serum for presence of IgM alloantibody 
C)  To denature IgM cold autoantibody and test serum for presence of IgG alloantibody 
D)  To denature IgM drug-induced antibody and test serum for presence of IgG alloantibody

Question 4

The AABB's Standards for Blood Banks and Transfusion Services requires antibody screen of all populations listed below EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  allogeneic blood donors 
B)  patients receiving RBCs 
C)  patients receiving WBCs 
D)  prenatal patients 
A)  allogeneic blood donors 
B)  patients receiving RBCs 
C)  patients receiving WBCs 
D)  prenatal patients

Question 5

What test must be performed on a patient with a warm autoantibody in their serum before transfusing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prewarming 
B)  Warm autoadsorption 
C)  Elution 
D)  DAT 
A)  Prewarming 
B)  Warm autoadsorption 
C)  Elution 
D)  DAT

Question 6

What might a positive antibody screen and a negative auto control indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)  An alloantibody is coating donor cells after a transfusion 
B)  An autoantibody has been detected 
C)  An alloantibody has been detected 
D)  Drug-induced antibody reacting with patient cells 
A)  An alloantibody is coating donor cells after a transfusion 
B)  An autoantibody has been detected 
C)  An alloantibody has been detected 
D)  Drug-induced antibody reacting with patient cells

Question 7

What is a positive DAT?

Accepted Answer

A)  In vitro sensitization of RBC with antigen 
B)  In vitro sensitization of RBC with antibody 
C)  In vivo sensitization of RBC with antibody 
D)  In vivo sensitization of RBC with antigen 
A)  In vitro sensitization of RBC with antigen 
B)  In vitro sensitization of RBC with antibody 
C)  In vivo sensitization of RBC with antibody 
D)  In vivo sensitization of RBC with antigen

Question 8

Which of the following is known as the "sensitization phase" in the antibody screen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Immediate spin 
B)  AHG 
C)  37°C incubation 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Immediate spin 
B)  AHG 
C)  37°C incubation 
D)  None of the above

Question 9

What would be a realistic source of finding compatible units for a person with an antibody to a high-frequency antigen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Random donor units 
B)  A donor of similar ethnic background 
C)  Siblings 
D)  Apheresis donors 
A)  Random donor units 
B)  A donor of similar ethnic background 
C)  Siblings 
D)  Apheresis donors

Question 10

While performing an antibody screen, a test reaction is observed that is suspected to be rouleaux. A saline replacement test is done, and the reaction remains. What is the best interpretation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The original reaction was rouleaux and may be ignored. 
B)  The replacement test is invalid and should be repeated. 
C)  The original reaction was due to true agglutination. 
D)  The antibody screen is negative. 
A)  The original reaction was rouleaux and may be ignored. 
B)  The replacement test is invalid and should be repeated. 
C)  The original reaction was due to true agglutination. 
D)  The antibody screen is negative.

Question 11

The process of removing antibody from serum by combining a serum sample with appropriate red blood cells under optimal conditions is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  elution. 
B)  absorption. 
C)  enzyme treatment. 
D)  sensitization. 
A)  elution. 
B)  absorption. 
C)  enzyme treatment. 
D)  sensitization.

Question 12

What does a panel of reagent red blood cells consist of?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 to 5 group O red blood cell suspensions 
B)  3-vial screening cells 
C)  11 to 20 group O red blood cell suspensions 
D)  Pooled screening cells 
A)  1 to 5 group O red blood cell suspensions 
B)  3-vial screening cells 
C)  11 to 20 group O red blood cell suspensions 
D)  Pooled screening cells

Question 13

What screening cells are used primarily for testing donor units for unexpected antibodies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pooled 
B)  2-vial 
C)  3-vial 
D)  4-vial 
A)  Pooled 
B)  2-vial 
C)  3-vial 
D)  4-vial

Question 14

Why should only homozygous cells be used to rule out an antibody?

Accepted Answer

A)  Homozygous cells carry a double dose of antibody. 
B)  Weakly reacting antibody may not react with heterozygous cells. 
C)  Strong reacting antibodies may not react with heterozygous cells. 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Homozygous cells carry a double dose of antibody. 
B)  Weakly reacting antibody may not react with heterozygous cells. 
C)  Strong reacting antibodies may not react with heterozygous cells. 
D)  All of the above

Question 15

Cells that have antibody attached to them but are still separated from one another are:

Accepted Answer

A)  agglutinated. 
B)  sensitized. 
C)  phagocytized. 
D)  hemolyzed. 
A)  agglutinated. 
B)  sensitized. 
C)  phagocytized. 
D)  hemolyzed.

Question 16

How is an antibody ruled in?

Accepted Answer

A)  Two RBC samples positive for antigen show reactivity; two RBC samples negative for the antigen show no reactivity. 
B)  Three RBC samples positive for antigen show reactivity; three RBC samples negative for the antigen show no reactivity. 
C)  One homozygous RBC sample shows reactivity. 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Two RBC samples positive for antigen show reactivity; two RBC samples negative for the antigen show no reactivity. 
B)  Three RBC samples positive for antigen show reactivity; three RBC samples negative for the antigen show no reactivity. 
C)  One homozygous RBC sample shows reactivity. 
D)  None of the above

Question 17

Pseudoagglutination:

Accepted Answer

A)  is frequently associated with alterations in serum proteins. 
B)  occurs when serum viscosity is increased. 
C)  can be confused with panagglutination. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  is frequently associated with alterations in serum proteins. 
B)  occurs when serum viscosity is increased. 
C)  can be confused with panagglutination. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 18

Antibodies resulting from exposure to pollen, fungus, or bacteria are known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  active. 
B)  immune. 
C)  naturally occurring. 
D)  passive. 
A)  active. 
B)  immune. 
C)  naturally occurring. 
D)  passive.

Exam 10: Detection and Identification of Antibodies

How does LISS enhance antibody detection in the antibody screen?

The electrical force that exists between red blood cells is:

What is the purpose of treating serum containing cold autoantibodies with dithiothreitol (DTT) or 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME)?

The AABB's Standards for Blood Banks and Transfusion Services requires antibody screen of all populations listed below EXCEPT:

What test must be performed on a patient with a warm autoantibody in their serum before transfusing?

What might a positive antibody screen and a negative auto control indicate?

What is a positive DAT?

Which of the following is known as the "sensitization phase" in the antibody screen?

What would be a realistic source of finding compatible units for a person with an antibody to a high-frequency antigen?

While performing an antibody screen, a test reaction is observed that is suspected to be rouleaux. A saline replacement test is done, and the reaction remains. What is the best interpretation?

The process of removing antibody from serum by combining a serum sample with appropriate red blood cells under optimal conditions is called:

What does a panel of reagent red blood cells consist of?

What screening cells are used primarily for testing donor units for unexpected antibodies?

Why should only homozygous cells be used to rule out an antibody?

Cells that have antibody attached to them but are still separated from one another are:

How is an antibody ruled in?

Pseudoagglutination:

Antibodies resulting from exposure to pollen, fungus, or bacteria are known as:

Red Blood Cells and Platelet Preservation: Historical Perspectives and Current Trends

Basic Genetics

Fundamentals of Immunology

Concepts in Molecular Biology

The Antiglobulin Test

The Abo Blood Group System

The Rh Blood Group System

Blood Group Terminology and Common Blood Groups

Uncommon Blood Groups

Pre-Transfusion Testing

Blood Bank Technologies and Automation

Donor Selection

Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases

Component Preparation

Transfusion Therapy

Adverse Effects of Blood Transfusion

Apheresis

Cellular Therapy in the Transplant Setting

Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias

Tissue Banking As Part of the Transfusion Service

The Hla System

Relationship Testing

Quality Management

Patient Blood Management

Transfusion Safety and Federal Regulatory Requirements

Laboratory Information Systems in the Blood Bank

Medicolegal and Ethical Aspects of Providing Blood Collection and Transfusion Services

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