Exam 12: Experimental Research: Weak and Strong Designs

When a researcher notices that participants success in one condition is influenced by their experiences in the previous condition, she potentially has a(n):

An experiment was conducted to determine whether gender of the teacher and the amount of eye contact by the teacher influenced students' liking of the teacher. Students were randomly assigned to groups that had either a male or female teacher who made little, moderate, or sustained eye contact while giving students a lecture on career choices. At the end of the lecture, the students were asked to rate their liking of the teacher. This is a design with _________ cells.

A researcher is interested in whether a new reading program for 5th graders will lead to better performance than a traditional program. She is also concerned that the program effects might vary or be confounded with prior reading achievement. Hence, she includes prior reading achievement in her study as a variable. The control technique she used in this study was:

Bill thought that height might be an extraneous variable in his study of the mechanics of making a basket in basketball, so he added the variable to his study. This is an example of an acceptable way to control for an extraneous variable.

Matching is a way of controlling for order effects in repeated-measures designs.

When neither the experimenter nor the participants know if the participant is in the experimental or control group is a characteristic of:

A group of physicians tests a new drug for treating Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). They measure the amount of time a group of ADD students attend to a task during a specified hour one week prior to taking the new drug and for a specified hour one week after taking the new drug. The physicians used what type of design to test the drug?

In which of the following examples is the independent variable manipulated using the type technique?

Inferences from group comparisons are made stronger when:

A design that combines a within-subjects independent variable and a between-subjects independent variable is called a:

The pretest-posttest control-group design, the posttest-only control-group design, and the posttest-only design with nonequivalent groups all have random assignment.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of an experiment?

Random selection and random assignment are synonymous.

Use the following to answer Questions A researcher is looking at the effects of competition versus cooperation on mathematics learning. She theorizes that anxiety will interact with type of instruction to influence math learning. The dependent variable is the number of points on a 100 point mathematics test. The means for the study results are shown in the table below. -Which of the following pairs of means is indicative of the main effect of Instruction type?

A group of physicians tests a new drug for treating Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). They randomly assign 40 children with ADD to the experimental and control groups (20 per group). They then measure the amount of time each group of ADD students attend to a task during a specified hour one week prior to the treatment group taking the new drug and during a specified hour one week after the treatment group takes the new drug. The physicians used what type of design to test the drug?

Which of the following is an example of "amount of variable" variation of the independent variable?

A major threat to validity to the posttest-only design with nonequivalent groups is:

Dr. Smart has conducted a research study on a new reading strategy in two classrooms. She tested all students' reading abilities, used the new reading strategy with the one of the classrooms for a quarter, and then tested the reading abilities of the students in both classrooms at the end of the quarter. She adjusted her posttest scores because the students in the control classroom (who were not taught with the new reading strategy) scored higher on their pretests. This is an example of:

A strategy for overcoming sequencing effects is called:

The procedure that maximizes the probability that the comparison groups will be equated on all extraneous variables is called: