Exam 11: Validity of Research Results in Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Research

Ecological validity is present when a study results can be generalized to different settings.

If the results of your study can be generalized to other people, in other settings, using different treatment variations and outcome measures, and the results have held up over time you have the ultimate in:

If a research study revealed that the independent and dependent variables covary and they really do covary, the study has:

If a researcher has addressed the interests, values, and standpoints of many stakeholders, the researcher has achieved:

If the results of a study can be generalized from the sample of research participants to individuals who were not included in the study, the study is said to have what?

Differential selection produces similar comparison groups.

If a study can be generalized over time, it has what?

The extent to which a researcher understands, uses, and presents participants' but maintains her objective outsider view is known as:

When the researcher is unable to provide clear evidence that the independent variable preceded the effect, we have the threat to internal validity known as:

A state passes a law requiring mandatory seatbelt use and claims it has reduced traffic fatalities. At the same time that the seatbelt law was changed, speed limits were also reduced from 70 MPH to 55 MPH by the federal government. Traffic fatalities decreased during the first year of the seatbelt law. The change in the speed limits represents what kind of threat to internal validity?

The confounding effects referred to collectively as "maturation" include all of the following plausible rival hypotheses except:

An alteration of performance that occurs when an individual is aware that he or she is participating in a study is called:

Internal validity in qualitative research refers to:

When physical or mental changes occur in individuals, that influences their scores on the dependent variable(s). This is called:

When researchers exhibit bias they might have a tendency find exactly what they were looking for.

Reflexivity in qualitative research refers to:

If a researcher is able to integrate the two views of a quantitative researcher and qualitative researcher into a broader viewpoint, he/she has achieved:

William has conducted a qualitative study. He has internally validated his findings by ruling out rival explanations for the results. This is referred to as the:

In his study, Collin only included one outcome measure. This probably had a negative effect on the study's external validity.

Identify and explain the types of evidence that are needed to reach a causal conclusion.