Exam 3: Structure and Function of Cells

During the citric acid cycle, acetyl CoA is oxidized completely.

The burning sensation associated with muscle fatigue is due to the accumulation of

If a cell has a higher concentration of solutes than its surrounding environment, its tonicity is ________ in relation to the extracellular environment.

Pound for pound, ________ are the macromolecules that store the greatest amount of energy.

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are able to pass through the plasma membrane of a cell because

Cells that have membrane-bound organelles and cytoplasm are classified as ________ cells.

Using the accompanying figure, identify the organelles of a eukaryotic cell. -Label B represents a(n) ________.

If you ingest and digest a meal that contains components necessary for normal body function but too large to be transported across the plasma membrane through pores, by diffusion, or aided by transport proteins, how could the macromolecules enter the cell?

Bulk movement of water across plasma membranes and the exchange of oxygen from blood into cells are similar in that the method of transport is by

The primary function of the ________ is to achieve a balance in ion and osmotic concentrations on both sides of the plasma membrane.

The majority of ATP synthesis occurs during the ________ chain of cellular respiration.

Based on all the characteristics of living organisms, an influenza virus should be considered to be a living organism.

Chemical reactions that result in the synthesis or assembly of large molecules are referred to as

Some of the enzymes stored in peroxisomes are used to break down

Match each of the following descriptions to the appropriate term. -site of protein production in a cell

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding active transport?

A researcher is studying a newly discovered toxin. The effect of this toxin is to block the action of the sodium-potassium pump. What prediction can be made about the effect of this toxin on cell volume?

When fats are broken down and used as an energy source, the fatty acids are converted to ________, which then enters the citric acid cycle.

Over the course of evolutionary time, animal body sizes have gotten larger, yet cell sizes have not. Cells have stayed proportionally the same size to remain efficient, because

The plasma membrane is constructed in layers, with the protein layer innermost, the cholesterol layer in the middle, and the phospholipid layer outermost.