Question 1

When a nonpolar molecule is placed in water, it will

Accepted Answer

A)  neither dissolve nor carry electrical current. 
B)  dissolve and carry electrical current. 
C)  dissociate and carry electrical current. 
D)  carry electrical current but not dissolve or dissociate. 
A)  neither dissolve nor carry electrical current. 
B)  dissolve and carry electrical current. 
C)  dissociate and carry electrical current. 
D)  carry electrical current but not dissolve or dissociate.

Question 2

Water is the main solute of the body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Explain how the structure of an oxygen atom with an atomic mass of sixteen would be diagrammed. Include the number of subatomic particles in each part of the atom.

Accepted Answer

The nucleus would consist of e

Question 4

Fatty acids consist mainly of carbon and hydrogen, and so fatty acids are

Accepted Answer

A)  nonpolar and do not dissolve in water. 
B)  nonpolar and dissolve in water. 
C)  polar and do not dissolve in water. 
D)  polar and dissolve in water. 
A)  nonpolar and do not dissolve in water. 
B)  nonpolar and dissolve in water. 
C)  polar and do not dissolve in water. 
D)  polar and dissolve in water.

Question 5

In general, lipids are water insoluble.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Blood has been described as an example of a suspension, and soda has been described as a solution. Define these two categories of mixtures and provide different examples of each type. In the examples you provide, explain the molecular properties (approximate size, polarity) of the substances that mix with water.

Accepted Answer

Common examples of suspensions include m

Question 7

What is the number of covalent bonds that an atom of nitrogen can form within a molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4

Question 8

Which of the following are among the top four most common elements in the human body?
(Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Carbon 
B)  Sulfur 
C)  Oxygen 
D)  Phosphorus 
A)  Carbon 
B)  Sulfur 
C)  Oxygen 
D)  Phosphorus

Question 9

The numbers and types of atoms in a molecule as well as the spatial arrangement of those atoms is provided by the ________ formula.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The numbers and types of atoms in...

Question 10

Which statement accurately describes amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  There are twenty varieties, with each type having a different R group. 
B)  There are twenty varieties, with each type having a different C-terminal end. 
C)  There are over 200 varieties, with each type having a different R group. 
D)  There are over 200 varieties, with each type having a different C-terminal end. 
A)  There are twenty varieties, with each type having a different R group. 
B)  There are twenty varieties, with each type having a different C-terminal end. 
C)  There are over 200 varieties, with each type having a different R group. 
D)  There are over 200 varieties, with each type having a different C-terminal end.

Question 11

Proteins are

Accepted Answer

A)  polymers made up of amino acid monomers. 
B)  monomers. 
C)  monomers made of repeating subunits of polymers. 
D)  neither monomers nor polymers. 
E)  polymers made of repeating units of carbohydrates. 
A)  polymers made up of amino acid monomers. 
B)  monomers. 
C)  monomers made of repeating subunits of polymers. 
D)  neither monomers nor polymers. 
E)  polymers made of repeating units of carbohydrates.

Question 12

Hydrogen bonds form between molecules containing ________ bonds; the hydrogen bond is between a hydrogen atom of one molecule and a partially ________ charged atom of another.

Accepted Answer

A)  polar covalent; negatively 
B)  polar covalent; positively 
C)  nonpolar covalent; positively 
D)  nonpolar covalent; negatively 
E)  ionic; positively 
A)  polar covalent; negatively 
B)  polar covalent; positively 
C)  nonpolar covalent; positively 
D)  nonpolar covalent; negatively 
E)  ionic; positively

Question 13

Chemical barriers composed of phospholipid bilayers form within biological systems because

Accepted Answer

A)  cells expend ATP to position the phospholipid tails close together. 
B)  hydrophobic exclusion results in the close positioning of the nonpolar tails. 
C)  van der Waals forces attract the polar heads to the water inside the cell. 
D)  the inability of the polar heads to dissolve in water causes the heads to adhere to one another. 
A)  cells expend ATP to position the phospholipid tails close together. 
B)  hydrophobic exclusion results in the close positioning of the nonpolar tails. 
C)  van der Waals forces attract the polar heads to the water inside the cell. 
D)  the inability of the polar heads to dissolve in water causes the heads to adhere to one another.

Question 14

The addition of a buffer to liquid such as blood with a pH of 7.4 causes the pH to drop to 7.0 (chemically neutral).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The most common lipids in the body are

Accepted Answer

A)  triglycerides, and they are used for energy storage in adipose. 
B)  glycoproteins, and they are used as backbones for cell membranes. 
C)  eicosanoids, and they are used as hormonal messengers. 
D)  steroids, and they are used as signaling molecules in inflammatory responses. 
E)  phospholipids, and they are used as key ingredients of bile salts. 
A)  triglycerides, and they are used for energy storage in adipose. 
B)  glycoproteins, and they are used as backbones for cell membranes. 
C)  eicosanoids, and they are used as hormonal messengers. 
D)  steroids, and they are used as signaling molecules in inflammatory responses. 
E)  phospholipids, and they are used as key ingredients of bile salts.

Question 16

Biological half-life is the time required for

Accepted Answer

A)  half of an ionic compound to ionize. 
B)  half of a radioactive material to be eliminated from the body. 
C)  radioactivity levels of organic compounds to stabilize at one-half their original value. 
D)  radiation exposure that is lethal for half of a biological population. 
A)  half of an ionic compound to ionize. 
B)  half of a radioactive material to be eliminated from the body. 
C)  radioactivity levels of organic compounds to stabilize at one-half their original value. 
D)  radiation exposure that is lethal for half of a biological population.

Question 17

How many osmoles are in a solution of 1M NaOH?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 osm 
B)  2 osm 
C)  3 osm 
D)  4 osm 
A)  1 osm 
B)  2 osm 
C)  3 osm 
D)  4 osm

Question 18

Fatty acids in soap have a polar end and a nonpolar end. Which of the following best describes these molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amphipathic 
B)  Hydrophilic 
C)  Hydrophobic 
D)  Charged 
A)  Amphipathic 
B)  Hydrophilic 
C)  Hydrophobic 
D)  Charged

Question 19

Another name for the outer electron shell of an atom is the ________ shell.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Another name for the outer electron shell...

Question 20

Ionic bonds involve

Accepted Answer

A)  electrostatic interactions between anions and cations. 
B)  the sharing of electrons between two atoms of the same element. 
C)  the attraction between water and salts. 
D)  the release of protons by negatively charged particles. 
A)  electrostatic interactions between anions and cations. 
B)  the sharing of electrons between two atoms of the same element. 
C)  the attraction between water and salts. 
D)  the release of protons by negatively charged particles.

Exam 2: Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

When a nonpolar molecule is placed in water, it will

Water is the main solute of the body.

Explain how the structure of an oxygen atom with an atomic mass of sixteen would be diagrammed. Include the number of subatomic particles in each part of the atom.

Fatty acids consist mainly of carbon and hydrogen, and so fatty acids are

In general, lipids are water insoluble.

What is the number of covalent bonds that an atom of nitrogen can form within a molecule?

Which of the following are among the top four most common elements in the human body? (Select all that apply.)

The numbers and types of atoms in a molecule as well as the spatial arrangement of those atoms is provided by the ________ formula.

Which statement accurately describes amino acids?

Proteins are

Hydrogen bonds form between molecules containing ________ bonds; the hydrogen bond is between a hydrogen atom of one molecule and a partially ________ charged atom of another.

Chemical barriers composed of phospholipid bilayers form within biological systems because

The addition of a buffer to liquid such as blood with a pH of 7.4 causes the pH to drop to 7.0 (chemically neutral).

The most common lipids in the body are

Biological half-life is the time required for

How many osmoles are in a solution of 1M NaOH?

Fatty acids in soap have a polar end and a nonpolar end. Which of the following best describes these molecules?

Another name for the outer electron shell of an atom is the ________ shell.

Ionic bonds involve

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Hydrogen bonds form between molecules containing bonds; the hydrogen bond is between a hydrogen atom of one molecule and a partially charged atom of another.