Question 1

The figure below shows ________.

Accepted Answer

A) the chemical digestion of a protein 
B) the building of a protein by the enzyme pepsin 
C) the mechanical digestion of a protein 
D) the addition of a water molecule to add an amino acid to a protein 
A) the chemical digestion of a protein 
B) the building of a protein by the enzyme pepsin 
C) the mechanical digestion of a protein 
D) the addition of a water molecule to add an amino acid to a protein A

Question 2

The data below are from an experiment that tested the effect of leptin on mice with a normal obese gene and mice with a defective obese gene. Assume that the experiment began with a group of mutant mice that were all the same mass, and a group of normal mice of the same mass.  
-A mouse escapes its cage, and researchers cannot tell if it is a mutant mouse or a normal mouse. What procedure and result would confirm that this mouse is a mutant mouse?

Accepted Answer

A) The mouse is fed a high calorie diet. The mouse does not produce leptin and is overweight. 
B) The mouse is fed a high calorie diet. The mouse can produce leptin and is a healthy weight. 
C) The mouse is fed a low calorie diet. The mouse does not produce leptin and is overweight. 
D) The mouse is fed a low calorie diet. The mouse can produce leptin and it is a healthy weight. 
A) The mouse is fed a high calorie diet. The mouse does not produce leptin and is overweight. 
B) The mouse is fed a high calorie diet. The mouse can produce leptin and is a healthy weight. 
C) The mouse is fed a low calorie diet. The mouse does not produce leptin and is overweight. 
D) The mouse is fed a low calorie diet. The mouse can produce leptin and it is a healthy weight. A

Question 3

What does your metabolic rate depend on?

Accepted Answer

A) only your age 
B) your age and your activity levels, but not your genes 
C) only your activity levels 
D) your age, activity levels, and genes 
A) only your age 
B) your age and your activity levels, but not your genes 
C) only your activity levels 
D) your age, activity levels, and genes D

Question 4

The data below are from an experiment that tested the effect of leptin on mice with a normal obese gene and mice with a defective obese gene. Assume that the experiment began with a group of mutant mice that were all the same mass, and a group of normal mice of the same mass.  
-What conclusion is supported by the data?

Accepted Answer

A) Obesity can be caused by a defective obese gene. 
B) Saline causes mice to lose weight. 
C) A normal obese gene does not produce leptin. 
D) Leptin does not affect a mouse's weight. 
A) Obesity can be caused by a defective obese gene. 
B) Saline causes mice to lose weight. 
C) A normal obese gene does not produce leptin. 
D) Leptin does not affect a mouse's weight.

Question 5

Scenario
There are many diseases of the digestive system. Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease that destroys tear ducts and salivary glands. In megaesophagus, peristalsis fails to occur properly and the esophagus is enlarged. In achlorhydria (also called "hypochlorhydria")production of gastric acid is absent or low. When a person has diverticulitis, feces are trapped in small pouches of the large intestine, and cause infection. Infected portions of the large intestine can swell and block the large intestine. In exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, there is a progressive loss of pancreatic cells that make digestive enzymes. In gallstone cholestasis, bile cannot flow from the liver to the duodenum.
-Regurgitation of food could indicate ________.

Accepted Answer

A) Sjögren's syndrome 
B) achlorhydria 
C) megaesophagus 
D) celiac disease 
A) Sjögren's syndrome 
B) achlorhydria 
C) megaesophagus 
D) celiac disease

Question 6

What is(are)the main digestive function(s)of the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

A) It produces digestive enzymes and bile. 
B) It produces pepsin. 
C) It produces digestive enzymes and neutralizes stomach acids. 
D) It secretes mucus into the small intestine. 
A) It produces digestive enzymes and bile. 
B) It produces pepsin. 
C) It produces digestive enzymes and neutralizes stomach acids. 
D) It secretes mucus into the small intestine.

Question 7

What is the usual cause of heartburn?

Accepted Answer

A) backflow of chyme from the stomach into the esophagus 
B) retention of food at the bottom of the esophagus by a sphincter that is reluctant to open 
C) irritation of the lower esophagus by substances in spicy food 
D) compression of the lower esophagus by an overfilled stomach 
A) backflow of chyme from the stomach into the esophagus 
B) retention of food at the bottom of the esophagus by a sphincter that is reluctant to open 
C) irritation of the lower esophagus by substances in spicy food 
D) compression of the lower esophagus by an overfilled stomach

Question 8

Most nutrient absorption occurs in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) stomach 
B) duodenum 
C) several meters of the small intestine that come after the duodenum 
D) large intestine 
A) stomach 
B) duodenum 
C) several meters of the small intestine that come after the duodenum 
D) large intestine

Question 9

The main function of salivary amylase is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A) moisten food 
B) break down proteins 
C) absorb nutrients 
D) break down starch 
A) moisten food 
B) break down proteins 
C) absorb nutrients 
D) break down starch

Question 10

Which mechanism helps prevent gastric juice from digesting the stomach lining?

Accepted Answer

A) mucus coating the inside surface of the stomach 
B) contractions of the stomach constantly moving chyme into the small intestine 
C) the continuous secretion of gastric juice 
D) the inactivation of pepsin by hydrochloric acid 
A) mucus coating the inside surface of the stomach 
B) contractions of the stomach constantly moving chyme into the small intestine 
C) the continuous secretion of gastric juice 
D) the inactivation of pepsin by hydrochloric acid

Question 11

Which mineral is needed for the proper functioning of nerves, muscles, and bones?

Accepted Answer

A) calcium 
B) linoleic acid 
C) sodium 
A) calcium 
B) linoleic acid 
C) sodium

Question 12

Why do modern humans crave food that is high in fat and sugar?

Accepted Answer

A) These preferences may have been advantageous in our evolutionary history, when food was less reliably available. 
B) Fat and sugar are the only essential nutrients needed by humans. 
C) A calorie-rich diet, when accompanied by low caloric expenditure, prevents 15 kinds of cancer. 
D) Craving fat and sugar ensures that genes for obesity passes on to future generations. 
A) These preferences may have been advantageous in our evolutionary history, when food was less reliably available. 
B) Fat and sugar are the only essential nutrients needed by humans. 
C) A calorie-rich diet, when accompanied by low caloric expenditure, prevents 15 kinds of cancer. 
D) Craving fat and sugar ensures that genes for obesity passes on to future generations.

Question 13

The function of the structure shown below is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) to digest proteins 
B) to absorb nutrients into the body 
C) to aid in mechanical digestion of food 
D) to break fats into smaller droplets 
A) to digest proteins 
B) to absorb nutrients into the body 
C) to aid in mechanical digestion of food 
D) to break fats into smaller droplets

Question 14

Which nutrient begins undergoing chemical digestion in the mouth?

Accepted Answer

A) amino acids 
B) protein 
C) starch 
D) glucose 
A) amino acids 
B) protein 
C) starch 
D) glucose

Question 15

Please refer to the following art to answer the following questions.  
-Regarding the amount of energy consumed versus used, what would you recommend to a person who has a BMI of 27 to change to a normal BMI?

Accepted Answer

A) Take in more calories by eating than are burned by physical activity. 
B) Burn more calories by physical activity than are taken in by eating. 
C) Take in the same amount of calories by eating compared to that which is burned by physical activity. 
D) Weight gain is not related to the amount of calories taken in compared to that burned by physical activity. 
A) Take in more calories by eating than are burned by physical activity. 
B) Burn more calories by physical activity than are taken in by eating. 
C) Take in the same amount of calories by eating compared to that which is burned by physical activity. 
D) Weight gain is not related to the amount of calories taken in compared to that burned by physical activity.

Question 16

Which molecules are the direct source of energy for cells?

Accepted Answer

A) fats are 
B) glucose is 
C) ATP is 
D) amino acids are 
A) fats are 
B) glucose is 
C) ATP is 
D) amino acids are

Question 17

Digestion begins in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) oral cavity 
B) esophagus 
C) pharynx 
D) stomach 
A) oral cavity 
B) esophagus 
C) pharynx 
D) stomach

Question 18

Modern humans possess the same craving for ________ and ________ as our ancestors, despite the obesity these cravings can cause today.

Accepted Answer

A) fat; sugar 
B) sugar; salt 
C) protein; vitamin C 
D) iron; iodine 
A) fat; sugar 
B) sugar; salt 
C) protein; vitamin C 
D) iron; iodine

Question 19

Both vitamins biotin and Vitamin K are ________.

Accepted Answer

A) water-soluble vitamins 
B) made in human skin in the presence of sunlight 
C) produced by intestinal bacteria 
D) common deficiencies in the human diet 
A) water-soluble vitamins 
B) made in human skin in the presence of sunlight 
C) produced by intestinal bacteria 
D) common deficiencies in the human diet

Question 20

What disorder of the human digestive system can be treated with antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

A) gastric ulcers 
B) GERD 
C) anorexia 
D) bulimia 
A) gastric ulcers 
B) GERD 
C) anorexia 
D) bulimia

Exam 22: Nutrition and Digestion

The figure below shows ________.

What does your metabolic rate depend on?

What is(are)the main digestive function(s)of the pancreas?

What is the usual cause of heartburn?

Most nutrient absorption occurs in the ________.

The main function of salivary amylase is to ________.

Which mechanism helps prevent gastric juice from digesting the stomach lining?

Which mineral is needed for the proper functioning of nerves, muscles, and bones?

Why do modern humans crave food that is high in fat and sugar?

The function of the structure shown below is ________.

Which nutrient begins undergoing chemical digestion in the mouth?

Please refer to the following art to answer the following questions. -Regarding the amount of energy consumed versus used, what would you recommend to a person who has a BMI of 27 to change to a normal BMI?

Which molecules are the direct source of energy for cells?

Digestion begins in the ________.

Modern humans possess the same craving for ________ and ________ as our ancestors, despite the obesity these cravings can cause today.

Both vitamins biotin and Vitamin K are ________.

What disorder of the human digestive system can be treated with antibiotics?

Learning About Life

Essential Chemistry for Biology

The Molecules of Life

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy From Food

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

Cellular Reproduction: Cells From Cells

Patterns of Inheritance

The Structure and Function of Dna

How Genes Are Controlled

Dna Technology

How Populations Evolve

How Biological Diversity Evolves

The Evolution of Microbial Life

The Evolution of Plants and Fungi

The Evolution of Animals

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Circulation and Respiration

The Bodys Defenses

Hormones

Reproduction and Development

Nervous, Sensory, and Locomotor Systems

The Life of a Flowering Plant

The Working Plant

Filters

Modern humans possess the same craving for and as our ancestors, despite the obesity these cravings can cause today.