Question 1

In an operon, the ________ acts as an on/off switch.

Accepted Answer

A) operator 
B) promoter 
C) activator 
D) repressor 
A) operator 
B) promoter 
C) activator 
D) repressor A

Question 2

Reproductive cloning has many applications. Choose the exception.

Accepted Answer

A) the production of genetically identical mice and rats for scientific use 
B) the production of organs in pigs for transplant into humans 
C) creating stem cells to treat human diseases 
D) restoring populations of extinct animals such as the saber-toothed tiger 
A) the production of genetically identical mice and rats for scientific use 
B) the production of organs in pigs for transplant into humans 
C) creating stem cells to treat human diseases 
D) restoring populations of extinct animals such as the saber-toothed tiger C

Question 3

In a eukaryotic cell an abnormal protein is binding to the promoter for a gene. Which process will likely occur in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

A) Transcription factors will bind to enhancers. 
B) Transcription factors will bind to the promoter. 
C) The gene will be expressed normally. 
D) RNA polymerase will bind to the promoter. 
A) Transcription factors will bind to enhancers. 
B) Transcription factors will bind to the promoter. 
C) The gene will be expressed normally. 
D) RNA polymerase will bind to the promoter. A

Question 4

About one out of how many women will develop breast cancer?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 4 
C) 8 
D) 10 
A) 2 
B) 4 
C) 8 
D) 10

Question 5

In prokaryotes, the production of a single RNA transcript for a group of related genes is under the control of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) an operon 
B) enhancers 
C) a signal transduction pathway 
D) transcription factors 
A) an operon 
B) enhancers 
C) a signal transduction pathway 
D) transcription factors

Question 6

Scenario
You conducted a series of experiments to test whether the expression of hexokinase, an important enzyme involved in glycolysis, varies under different conditions. In the first experiment, you measured the production of hexokinase mRNA in cells at three different temperatures: 37°C, 25°C, and 10°C. Your results showed that the mRNA levels for hexokinase were 5× and 20× lower at 25°C and 10°C than at 37°C, respectively. Based on these results, you are going to conduct further experiments to attempt to answer your research question.
-What would be the best experiment to do next to determine if cellular hexokinase protein concentration is temperature dependent?

Accepted Answer

A) Measure the amount of hexokinase mRNA in cells at different temperatures. 
B) Measure the rate of transcription of the hexokinase gene in cells at different temperatures. 
C) Measure the amount of mRNA that is broken down in cells at different temperatures. 
D) Measure the rate of translation of the hexokinase mRNA in cells at different temperatures. 
A) Measure the amount of hexokinase mRNA in cells at different temperatures. 
B) Measure the rate of transcription of the hexokinase gene in cells at different temperatures. 
C) Measure the amount of mRNA that is broken down in cells at different temperatures. 
D) Measure the rate of translation of the hexokinase mRNA in cells at different temperatures.

Question 7

What is the first level of control of eukaryotic gene transcription?

Accepted Answer

A) RNA splicing 
B) attachment of RNA polymerase to the promoter 
C) DNA packing and unpacking 
D) the binding and unbinding of transcription factors to enhancer sequences 
A) RNA splicing 
B) attachment of RNA polymerase to the promoter 
C) DNA packing and unpacking 
D) the binding and unbinding of transcription factors to enhancer sequences

Question 8

Repressors act by blocking the binding of ________ to the operator.

Accepted Answer

A) promoters 
B) DNA polymerase 
C) the operon 
D) RNA polymerase 
A) promoters 
B) DNA polymerase 
C) the operon 
D) RNA polymerase

Question 9

Suppose a cDNA has the sequence CTTAGGA. What is the corresponding mRNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

A) AGGATTC 
B) GAATCCT 
C) GAAUCCU 
D) UCCUAAG 
A) AGGATTC 
B) GAATCCT 
C) GAAUCCU 
D) UCCUAAG

Question 10

Tumor cells can change over time in a variety of ways. The following options are all ways that tumors change over time except for one. Choose the exception.

Accepted Answer

A) Tumor cells show genetic variability. 
B) Tumor cells grow uncontrollably. 
C) Tumor cells pass on mutations when they divide. 
D) Tumor cells can spread throughout the body. 
A) Tumor cells show genetic variability. 
B) Tumor cells grow uncontrollably. 
C) Tumor cells pass on mutations when they divide. 
D) Tumor cells can spread throughout the body.

Question 11

Bacterial RNA polymerase binds to the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) operator 
B) repressor 
C) enhancer 
D) promoter 
A) operator 
B) repressor 
C) enhancer 
D) promoter

Question 12

Cells communicate with one another via ________.

Accepted Answer

A) cascades of gene activation 
B) the diffusion of RNA transcripts through adhesion junctions 
C) signal transduction pathways 
D) RNA splicing 
A) cascades of gene activation 
B) the diffusion of RNA transcripts through adhesion junctions 
C) signal transduction pathways 
D) RNA splicing

Question 13

Which risk factor is associated with cancer of the colon and rectum?

Accepted Answer

A) tobacco 
B) viruses 
C) UV radiation 
D) dietary fat 
A) tobacco 
B) viruses 
C) UV radiation 
D) dietary fat

Question 14

While examining a human cell that functions normally, you determine that it has 45 functional chromosomes and one chromosome that is almost completely inactive. You immediately decide that it is very likely that this cell ________.

Accepted Answer

A) came from a normal human female 
B) is lacking a chromosome 
C) is a gamete 
D) will become cancerous if one or two more genes are mutated 
A) came from a normal human female 
B) is lacking a chromosome 
C) is a gamete 
D) will become cancerous if one or two more genes are mutated

Question 15

Male tortoiseshell cats ________.

Accepted Answer

A) do not have an X chromosome 
B) have orange and black patches of fur that reflect the pattern of X chromosome inactivation 
C) are usually XYY individuals 
D) are likely to be exceedingly rare and very likely to be sterile since normal male cats are XY 
A) do not have an X chromosome 
B) have orange and black patches of fur that reflect the pattern of X chromosome inactivation 
C) are usually XYY individuals 
D) are likely to be exceedingly rare and very likely to be sterile since normal male cats are XY

Question 16

Identify a difference between embryonic and adult stem cells from the following list.

Accepted Answer

A) The use of embryonic stem cells raises fewer ethical issues than the use of adult stem cells. 
B) Embryonic stem cells are undifferentiated; adult stem cells are partially differentiated. 
C) It is easier to obtain embryonic stem cells. 
D) Adult stem cells are easier to grow in culture. 
A) The use of embryonic stem cells raises fewer ethical issues than the use of adult stem cells. 
B) Embryonic stem cells are undifferentiated; adult stem cells are partially differentiated. 
C) It is easier to obtain embryonic stem cells. 
D) Adult stem cells are easier to grow in culture.

Question 17

In bacteria, what name is given to a cluster of genes with related functions, along with their DNA control sequences?

Accepted Answer

A) operon 
B) operator 
C) promoter 
D) repressor 
A) operon 
B) operator 
C) promoter 
D) repressor

Question 18

Which is a possible result of a miRNA molecule binding to an mRNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) degradation of the mRNA 
B) transcription of the mRNA 
C) protection of the mRNA 
D) addition of a cap and tail to the mRNA 
A) degradation of the mRNA 
B) transcription of the mRNA 
C) protection of the mRNA 
D) addition of a cap and tail to the mRNA

Question 19

Many proto-oncogenes regulate ________.

Accepted Answer

A) cell growth 
B) cell cloning 
C) cell division 
D) cell repair 
A) cell growth 
B) cell cloning 
C) cell division 
D) cell repair

Question 20

Which technique could tell you how gene expression differs between individuals with and without cystic fibrosis?

Accepted Answer

A) therapeutic cloning 
B) DNA microarray 
C) reproductive cloning 
A) therapeutic cloning 
B) DNA microarray 
C) reproductive cloning

Exam 11: How Genes Are Controlled

In an operon, the ________ acts as an on/off switch.

Reproductive cloning has many applications. Choose the exception.

In a eukaryotic cell an abnormal protein is binding to the promoter for a gene. Which process will likely occur in this scenario?

About one out of how many women will develop breast cancer?

In prokaryotes, the production of a single RNA transcript for a group of related genes is under the control of ________.

What is the first level of control of eukaryotic gene transcription?

Repressors act by blocking the binding of ________ to the operator.

Suppose a cDNA has the sequence CTTAGGA. What is the corresponding mRNA sequence?

Tumor cells can change over time in a variety of ways. The following options are all ways that tumors change over time except for one. Choose the exception.

Bacterial RNA polymerase binds to the ________.

Cells communicate with one another via ________.

Which risk factor is associated with cancer of the colon and rectum?

While examining a human cell that functions normally, you determine that it has 45 functional chromosomes and one chromosome that is almost completely inactive. You immediately decide that it is very likely that this cell ________.

Male tortoiseshell cats ________.

Identify a difference between embryonic and adult stem cells from the following list.

In bacteria, what name is given to a cluster of genes with related functions, along with their DNA control sequences?

Which is a possible result of a miRNA molecule binding to an mRNA molecule?

Many proto-oncogenes regulate ________.

Which technique could tell you how gene expression differs between individuals with and without cystic fibrosis?

Learning About Life

Essential Chemistry for Biology

The Molecules of Life

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy From Food

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

Cellular Reproduction: Cells From Cells

Patterns of Inheritance

The Structure and Function of Dna

Dna Technology

How Populations Evolve

How Biological Diversity Evolves

The Evolution of Microbial Life

The Evolution of Plants and Fungi

The Evolution of Animals

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Circulation and Respiration

The Bodys Defenses

Hormones

Reproduction and Development

Nervous, Sensory, and Locomotor Systems

The Life of a Flowering Plant

The Working Plant

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