Question 1

Thymine and cytosine differ from adenine and guanine in that ________.

Accepted Answer

A) thymine and cytosine are single-ring structures, whereas adenine and guanine are double-ring structures 
B) thymine and cytosine are only found in DNA, whereas adenine and guanine are found in both DNA and RNA 
C) thymine and cytosine are only found in DNA, whereas adenine and guanine are only found in RNA 
A) thymine and cytosine are single-ring structures, whereas adenine and guanine are double-ring structures 
B) thymine and cytosine are only found in DNA, whereas adenine and guanine are found in both DNA and RNA 
C) thymine and cytosine are only found in DNA, whereas adenine and guanine are only found in RNA A

Question 2

How many nucleotides make up a codon?

Accepted Answer

A) two 
B) three 
C) four 
D) five 
A) two 
B) three 
C) four 
D) five B

Question 3

If one strand of a DNA double helix has the sequence ATCCGA, what is the sequence of the other strand?

Accepted Answer

A) ATCCGA 
B) TAGGCT 
C) AGCCTA 
D) UAGGCU 
A) ATCCGA 
B) TAGGCT 
C) AGCCTA 
D) UAGGCU B

Question 4

The researcher isolated a different single cell and determined that it was producing a certain protein. However, the protein was much shorter than it should have been. What kind of mutation likely occurred in this protein?

Accepted Answer

A) one that introduced a silent mutation 
B) one that substituted amino acids 
C) one that introduced a premature stop codon 
D) one that deleted an entire amino acid 
A) one that introduced a silent mutation 
B) one that substituted amino acids 
C) one that introduced a premature stop codon 
D) one that deleted an entire amino acid

Question 5

Scenario
If you were asked to study the pattern of bacterial growth (increase in numbers over time)during an infection, you would find that numbers of bacteria increase exponentially up to a certain point. Assume that you have been asked to interpret the growth of bacteriophages. You infect the host bacteria and measure the increase of phages over a defined period of time. You plot the results and observe the graph shown here.  
-At what point on the graph are the viruses increasing in number the fastest?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D

Question 6

This figure shows the reproductive cycle of a virus that causes mumps. If a researcher wanted to develop a drug to prevent mumps proteins from being translated, what step would they target?

Accepted Answer

A) Step 2 
B) Step 3 
C) Step 4 
D) Step 5 
A) Step 2 
B) Step 3 
C) Step 4 
D) Step 5

Question 7

How is Zika virus most commonly transmitted?

Accepted Answer

A) through human saliva 
B) through a single species of mosquito 
C) through medical needles 
D) through spider bites 
A) through human saliva 
B) through a single species of mosquito 
C) through medical needles 
D) through spider bites

Question 8

Transcription is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) manufacture of a strand of RNA complementary to a strand of DNA 
B) manufacture of two new DNA double helices that are identical to an old DNA double helix 
C) modification of a strand of RNA prior to the manufacture of a protein 
D) manufacture of a protein based on information carried by RNA 
A) manufacture of a strand of RNA complementary to a strand of DNA 
B) manufacture of two new DNA double helices that are identical to an old DNA double helix 
C) modification of a strand of RNA prior to the manufacture of a protein 
D) manufacture of a protein based on information carried by RNA

Question 9

Scenario
If you were asked to study the pattern of bacterial growth (increase in numbers over time)during an infection, you would find that numbers of bacteria increase exponentially up to a certain point. Assume that you have been asked to interpret the growth of bacteriophages. You infect the host bacteria and measure the increase of phages over a defined period of time. You plot the results and observe the graph shown here.  
-The first thing you notice is that there is no immediate increase in viruses following infection. This is because ________.

Accepted Answer

A) it takes the virus time to adapt to the host 
B) although the virus has infected the host, it takes time to complete the lytic cycle 
C) the host is immune to the virus 
D) the virus is in a lysogenic cycle throughout the experiment 
A) it takes the virus time to adapt to the host 
B) although the virus has infected the host, it takes time to complete the lytic cycle 
C) the host is immune to the virus 
D) the virus is in a lysogenic cycle throughout the experiment

Question 10

Researchers are currently investigating different forms of anti-HIV drugs. Which could be an effective drug to prevent HIV from being incorporated into human chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

A) a drug that prevents the HIV protein from being folded properly 
B) a drug that increases the activity of reverse transcriptase 
C) a drug that blocks DNA transport through the nuclear envelope 
D) a drug that inhibits replication of the provirus 
A) a drug that prevents the HIV protein from being folded properly 
B) a drug that increases the activity of reverse transcriptase 
C) a drug that blocks DNA transport through the nuclear envelope 
D) a drug that inhibits replication of the provirus

Question 11

The backbone of DNA consists of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) nitrogenous bases 
B) a repeating sugar-nucleotide-sugar-nucleotide pattern 
C) a repeating sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate pattern 
D) paired nucleotides 
A) nitrogenous bases 
B) a repeating sugar-nucleotide-sugar-nucleotide pattern 
C) a repeating sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate pattern 
D) paired nucleotides

Question 12

What name is given to the collection of traits exhibited by an organism?

Accepted Answer

A) genome 
B) genotype 
C) phenotype 
A) genome 
B) genotype 
C) phenotype

Question 13

What type of chemical bond joins the bases of complementary DNA strands?

Accepted Answer

A) ionic 
B) covalent 
C) hydrogen 
A) ionic 
B) covalent 
C) hydrogen

Question 14

What is the smallest number of nucleotides that must be added or subtracted to change the triplet grouping of the genetic message?

Accepted Answer

A) one 
B) two 
C) three 
D) four 
A) one 
B) two 
C) three 
D) four

Question 15

All of the following are ways that viruses may give rise to new diseases except one. Choose the exception.

Accepted Answer

A) viruses can evolve into more dangerous forms 
B) viruses can spread from one host species to another 
C) viruses are made of DNA that cannot be used to make vaccines 
D) viruses from small, isolated populations can spread 
A) viruses can evolve into more dangerous forms 
B) viruses can spread from one host species to another 
C) viruses are made of DNA that cannot be used to make vaccines 
D) viruses from small, isolated populations can spread

Question 16

Researchers tested RNA vaccines against the West Nile virus in dogs and cats. The study design for this experiment is shown in the figure. What group(s)was(were)the experimental groups?

Accepted Answer

A) placebo for dogs and cats only 
B) low dose of vaccine for cats and dogs only 
C) high dose of vaccine for cats and low dose of vaccine for dogs only 
D) low dose and high dose of vaccine for cats and low dose of vaccine for dogs only 
A) placebo for dogs and cats only 
B) low dose of vaccine for cats and dogs only 
C) high dose of vaccine for cats and low dose of vaccine for dogs only 
D) low dose and high dose of vaccine for cats and low dose of vaccine for dogs only

Question 17

Mad cow disease is caused by ________.

Accepted Answer

A) a retrovirus similar to HIV 
B) an enveloped virus 
C) infectious proteins called prions 
A) a retrovirus similar to HIV 
B) an enveloped virus 
C) infectious proteins called prions

Question 18

The accompanying figure shows the flow of genetic information in a eukaryotic cell. The transfer of information from RNA into a protein is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A) DNA replication 
B) transcription 
C) translation 
A) DNA replication 
B) transcription 
C) translation

Question 19

Examine the genetic code table shown below. The codon CAU codes for the amino acid ________.

Accepted Answer

A) isoleucine 
B) histidine 
C) glutamine 
D) leucine 
A) isoleucine 
B) histidine 
C) glutamine 
D) leucine

Question 20

How can bacteriophage DNA be spread from cell to cell without causing cell death?

Accepted Answer

A) by altering the way a cell splices its RNA 
B) via a lytic cycle 
C) via a lysogenic cycle 
D) by changing the length of its DNA molecules 
A) by altering the way a cell splices its RNA 
B) via a lytic cycle 
C) via a lysogenic cycle 
D) by changing the length of its DNA molecules

Exam 10: The Structure and Function of Dna

Thymine and cytosine differ from adenine and guanine in that ________.

How many nucleotides make up a codon?

If one strand of a DNA double helix has the sequence ATCCGA, what is the sequence of the other strand?

The researcher isolated a different single cell and determined that it was producing a certain protein. However, the protein was much shorter than it should have been. What kind of mutation likely occurred in this protein?

This figure shows the reproductive cycle of a virus that causes mumps. If a researcher wanted to develop a drug to prevent mumps proteins from being translated, what step would they target?

How is Zika virus most commonly transmitted?

Transcription is the ________.

Researchers are currently investigating different forms of anti-HIV drugs. Which could be an effective drug to prevent HIV from being incorporated into human chromosomes?

The backbone of DNA consists of ________.

What name is given to the collection of traits exhibited by an organism?

What type of chemical bond joins the bases of complementary DNA strands?

What is the smallest number of nucleotides that must be added or subtracted to change the triplet grouping of the genetic message?

All of the following are ways that viruses may give rise to new diseases except one. Choose the exception.

Researchers tested RNA vaccines against the West Nile virus in dogs and cats. The study design for this experiment is shown in the figure. What group(s)was(were)the experimental groups?

Mad cow disease is caused by ________.

The accompanying figure shows the flow of genetic information in a eukaryotic cell. The transfer of information from RNA into a protein is known as ________.

Examine the genetic code table shown below. The codon CAU codes for the amino acid ________.

How can bacteriophage DNA be spread from cell to cell without causing cell death?

Learning About Life

Essential Chemistry for Biology

The Molecules of Life

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy From Food

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

Cellular Reproduction: Cells From Cells

Patterns of Inheritance

How Genes Are Controlled

Dna Technology

How Populations Evolve

How Biological Diversity Evolves

The Evolution of Microbial Life

The Evolution of Plants and Fungi

The Evolution of Animals

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Circulation and Respiration

The Bodys Defenses

Hormones

Reproduction and Development

Nervous, Sensory, and Locomotor Systems

The Life of a Flowering Plant

The Working Plant

Filters