Exam 24: The Bodys Defenses

Which compounds do mast cells produce?

What other observation would suggest that alcohol consumption contributes to increased bacterial and viral infections?

Suppose you accidentally cut your finger with a piece of glass. What is the function of histamine in the ensuing inflammatory response?

Anaphylactic shock ________.

It is best to receive an organ transplant from a donor who ________.

When a B or T cell is primed by an interaction with its particular antigen, the cell ________.

Edema (swelling of body tissues with fluid)may occur if fluid is unable to enter the circulatory system. What might contribute to the development of edema?

Defensive proteins can assist the immune response by ________.

A person's spleen may be removed (splenectomy)if it becomes enlarged due to certain types of cancer, traumatic injury, or damage. What part of the immune system will be most affected by a splenectomy?

If a person had the thymus gland removed, which process would be most affected in his or her body?

What part of the immune response do vaccines help build?

Suppose that you encounter an antigen for the first time. What types of cells stored in your lymph nodes can be activated in case you encounter the antigen again?

Which statement best explains why people with Hodgkin's disease often show signs of immunodeficiency?

A typical vaccine consists of a solution containing ________.

Slugs produce mucus that helps keep them moist, helps them move, and protects them from pathogens. A slug's mucus is a component of which part of the immune system?

Scenario Avian influenza is a viral infection with few damaging effects that naturally occurs in wild birds. However, avian influenza is highly contagious and can quickly kill domesticated birds. Some human influenza viruses are similar to the avian influenza. People infected with avian influenza develop typical flu symptoms (fever, cough, muscle aches). However, symptoms may become more severe and life-threatening. If avian influenza evolves into a form that is easily transmissible from person to person, a global pandemic of widespread human death might occur. -One way to prevent a global pandemic of avian influenza would be to ________.

Three B cells are shown in the figure. Which B cells will begin to grow, divide, and differentiate further?

The figure shows the concentration of antibodies for an antigen produced by Clostridium tetani, a bacterium that causes tetanus. What could trigger the increase in antibody production marked by the arrow?

The primary immune response ________.

Maria has a nut allergy and accidentally ate some pine nuts in her salad while eating at a restaurant. Almost immediately after eating them, Maria went into anaphylactic shock, but fortunately she was quickly treated and completely recovered. What treatment option was the best for Maria and why?