Question 1

Loci that are far apart:

Accepted Answer

A)  have a higher recombination rate than loci that are close together. 
B)  exhibit a recombination frequency of greater than 50%. 
C)  always segregate together in meiosis. 
D)  influence the phenotype to a lesser degree than loci that are close together. 
E)  have less attraction than close loci. 
A)  have a higher recombination rate than loci that are close together. 
B)  exhibit a recombination frequency of greater than 50%. 
C)  always segregate together in meiosis. 
D)  influence the phenotype to a lesser degree than loci that are close together. 
E)  have less attraction than close loci. A

Question 2

Crossing over is often reduced around centromeric regions of chromosomes. If you were trying to construct a genetic map of two linked marker loci in this region, what result might you obtain?

Accepted Answer

A)  The recombination frequencies would be low, and you would deduce that the markers were very close to one another. 
B)  The recombination frequencies would be low, and you would deduce that the markers were very far from one another. 
C)  The recombination frequencies would be high, and you would deduce that the markers were very close to one another. 
D)  The recombination frequencies would be high, and you would deduce that the markers were very far from one another. 
E)  The recombination frequencies would be too low to detect, and you would not be able to estimate the distance between genetic markers. 
A)  The recombination frequencies would be low, and you would deduce that the markers were very close to one another. 
B)  The recombination frequencies would be low, and you would deduce that the markers were very far from one another. 
C)  The recombination frequencies would be high, and you would deduce that the markers were very close to one another. 
D)  The recombination frequencies would be high, and you would deduce that the markers were very far from one another. 
E)  The recombination frequencies would be too low to detect, and you would not be able to estimate the distance between genetic markers. A

Question 3

What information CANNOT be learned from the structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  The location of the active site of an enzyme 
B)  Possible interaction sites with other molecules 
C)  Targets for potential drugs 
D)  A source of insight into the function of an unknown protein 
E)  The number of introns in the gene that encodes the protein 
A)  The location of the active site of an enzyme 
B)  Possible interaction sites with other molecules 
C)  Targets for potential drugs 
D)  A source of insight into the function of an unknown protein 
E)  The number of introns in the gene that encodes the protein E

Question 4

The set of all proteins encoded by the genome is called the:

Accepted Answer

A)  genome. 
B)  transcriptome. 
C)  metabolome. 
D)  proteome. 
E)  glycome. 
A)  genome. 
B)  transcriptome. 
C)  metabolome. 
D)  proteome. 
E)  glycome.

Question 5

Which of the following genes are paralogs?

Accepted Answer

A)  A1 and A2 
B)  A1 and B1 
C)  A1 and B2 
D)  A2 and B1 
E)  B2 and B2 
A)  A1 and A2 
B)  A1 and B1 
C)  A1 and B2 
D)  A2 and B1 
E)  B2 and B2

Question 6

A set of overlapping DNA fragments that form a contiguous stretch of DNA is called a:

Accepted Answer

A)  chromosome. 
B)  sequence. 
C)  map. 
D)  contig. 
E)  clone. 
A)  chromosome. 
B)  sequence. 
C)  map. 
D)  contig. 
E)  clone.

Question 7

Use the following to answer questions 
A researcher is interested in studying Drosophila genes that are turned on in response to UV light exposure. She uses a microarray to carry out her experiment and is particularly interested in eight genes shown in the microarray below.
$\bullet$ Vertical stripes mean hybridization to UV light-exposed cell cDNA only.
$\bullet$ Horizontal stripes mean hybridization to nonexposed cell cDNA only (control).
$\bullet$ Completely filled in means hybridization to both cDNA types.
$\bullet$ Blank means hybridization to neither cell's cDNA.  
-Which genes appear to be upregulated in the UV light-exposed group?

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 3, and 5 
B)  2 and 7 
C)  4, 6, and 8 
D)  6 only 
E)  4 and 8 only 
A)  1, 3, and 5 
B)  2 and 7 
C)  4, 6, and 8 
D)  6 only 
E)  4 and 8 only

Question 8

Use the following to answer questions 
A researcher is interested in studying Drosophila genes that are turned on in response to UV light exposure. She uses a microarray to carry out her experiment and is particularly interested in eight genes shown in the microarray below.
$\bullet$ Vertical stripes mean hybridization to UV light-exposed cell cDNA only.
$\bullet$ Horizontal stripes mean hybridization to nonexposed cell cDNA only (control).
$\bullet$ Completely filled in means hybridization to both cDNA types.
$\bullet$ Blank means hybridization to neither cell's cDNA.  
-Which genes appear to be involved in the UV light stress response in Drosophila?

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 3, and 5 
B)  2 and 7 
C)  4, 6, and 8 
D)  6 only 
E)  4 and 8 only 
A)  1, 3, and 5 
B)  2 and 7 
C)  4, 6, and 8 
D)  6 only 
E)  4 and 8 only

Question 9

You have determined that a bacterial strain you are working with contains a single type of plasmid. You isolate the plasmid DNA and digest separate portions of it with each of two different restriction enzymes, BamHI and HpaI, and also perform a double digest using both enzymes. You then fractionate the enzyme digests on an agarose gel and stain the gel with ethidium bromide to visualize the restriction fragment patterns. Your results are shown below. Size markers (in nucleotide base pairs) are indicated at the left side of the gel. Using these data, construct a possible restriction map for the plasmid.

Accepted Answer

To construct a possible restriction map

Question 10

A human gene with a disease phenotype is going to be mapped by positional cloning. Which would be the MOST useful for this task?

Accepted Answer

A)  information about bacterial orthologs of the gene 
B)  an EST database of the human genome 
C)  microarray data of tissues in which the gene is expressed 
D)  data about the inheritance of SNP markers in families with the disease 
E)  whole-genome-shotgun clones of the human genome 
A)  information about bacterial orthologs of the gene 
B)  an EST database of the human genome 
C)  microarray data of tissues in which the gene is expressed 
D)  data about the inheritance of SNP markers in families with the disease 
E)  whole-genome-shotgun clones of the human genome

Question 11

In mass spectrometry, a molecule is ionized and its migration rate in an electrical field is determined. What information does the migration rate tell about the molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  It indicates mass because small molecules migrate more rapidly than larger molecules. 
B)  It indicates electrical charge because negatively charged molecules migrate more rapidly than positively charged molecules. 
C)  It indicates the solubility of the molecule because insoluble molecules form aggregates and migrate much more slowly than soluble molecules. 
D)  It indicates the relative abundance of the molecule in the sample. 
E)  It indicates the complexity of the proteome because greater proteome diversity takes a longer time to process. 
A)  It indicates mass because small molecules migrate more rapidly than larger molecules. 
B)  It indicates electrical charge because negatively charged molecules migrate more rapidly than positively charged molecules. 
C)  It indicates the solubility of the molecule because insoluble molecules form aggregates and migrate much more slowly than soluble molecules. 
D)  It indicates the relative abundance of the molecule in the sample. 
E)  It indicates the complexity of the proteome because greater proteome diversity takes a longer time to process.

Question 12

Which class of genes is the result of an ancient gene duplication?

Accepted Answer

A)  orthologs 
B)  paralogs 
C)  heterologs 
D)  pseudologs 
E)  lincolnlogs 
A)  orthologs 
B)  paralogs 
C)  heterologs 
D)  pseudologs 
E)  lincolnlogs

Question 13

A new species of plant was discovered and its genome was sequenced. A BLAST search was performed on a small section of one of the chromosomes and one gene in this region showed 98% similarity to a gene in Arabidopsis. Based on this information, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The gene in the new species of plant and the gene in Arabidopsis are homologous. 
B)  The gene in the new species of plant and the gene in Arabidopsis likely encode proteins with similar functions. 
C)  The gene in the new species of plant and the gene in Arabidopsis are paralogs. 
D)  The new species of plant and Arabidopsis are evolutionarily related. 
E)  The new species of plant and Arabidopsis likely have a common ancestor. 
A)  The gene in the new species of plant and the gene in Arabidopsis are homologous. 
B)  The gene in the new species of plant and the gene in Arabidopsis likely encode proteins with similar functions. 
C)  The gene in the new species of plant and the gene in Arabidopsis are paralogs. 
D)  The new species of plant and Arabidopsis are evolutionarily related. 
E)  The new species of plant and Arabidopsis likely have a common ancestor.

Question 14

Crossing over is often reduced around centromeric regions of chromosomes. If you were trying to construct a genetic map of two linked marker loci in this region, how would the genetic map correspond to the physical map?

Accepted Answer

A)  The genetic map will underestimate the distance between markers because the low recombination rate will suggest that the markers are very close to one another when they could be physically far apart. 
B)  The genetic map will underestimate the distance between markers because the markers will segregate independently in meiosis. 
C)  The genetic map will overestimate the distance between markers because the low recombination rate will make it appear that they are far from one another when they could be physically close to one another. 
D)  The genetic map will overestimate the distance between markers because rates of crossing over are not the same at all places on all chromosomes. 
E)  The genetic and physical maps will precisely correspond since recombination rates at the centromere are lower and more predictable. 
A)  The genetic map will underestimate the distance between markers because the low recombination rate will suggest that the markers are very close to one another when they could be physically far apart. 
B)  The genetic map will underestimate the distance between markers because the markers will segregate independently in meiosis. 
C)  The genetic map will overestimate the distance between markers because the low recombination rate will make it appear that they are far from one another when they could be physically close to one another. 
D)  The genetic map will overestimate the distance between markers because rates of crossing over are not the same at all places on all chromosomes. 
E)  The genetic and physical maps will precisely correspond since recombination rates at the centromere are lower and more predictable.

Question 15

Use the following to answer questions 
The following microarray data are shown for four human genes. Two samples were hybridized to the microarray in this experiment. One sample was cDNA generated from mRNA of a tissue culture cell line that was originally derived from a B-cell leukemia. The other sample was cDNA generated from normal, mature neural tissue.
$\bullet$ Vertical stripes mean hybridization to cancerous B-cell cDNA only.
$\bullet$ Horizontal stripes mean hybridization to normal neural cell cDNA only.
$\bullet$ Completely filled in means hybridization to both cDNA types.
$\bullet$ Blank means hybridization to neither cell's cDNA.  
-One spot on the microarray contains sequences unique to a gene for an RNA polymerase subunit. One spot contains sequences unique to the skeletal muscle myosin gene. Which spot would be expected to contain the myosin gene sequences?

Accepted Answer

A)  spot 1 
B)  spot 2 
C)  spot 3 
D)  spot 4 
E)  none of the spots 
A)  spot 1 
B)  spot 2 
C)  spot 3 
D)  spot 4 
E)  none of the spots

Question 16

How can a BLAST search reveal information about protein function?

Accepted Answer

A BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search To

Question 17

Explain why genetic and physical map distances may differ in relative distances between two genes on a chromosome.

Accepted Answer

Genetic and physical map distances may d

Question 18

The transcription factor Twist helps specify development of the mesoderm in the Drosophila embryo. You wish to identify other genes that Twist (as a transcription factor) switches on or off. You have wild-type embryos available, as well as embryos that are mutant for the Twist gene. Design an experiment using microarrays that could allow you to identify genes switched on or off by the Twist transcription factor.

Accepted Answer

To identify genes that are switched on o

Question 19

You are attempting to generate a physical map of the bacteriophage $\lambda$ genome using restriction enzyme digestions. You digest the phage DNA with EcoRI or NcoI or both, and observe the fragment sizes listed below. You know that bacteriophage $\lambda$ has a linear, not circular, genome. $$\begin{array} { l l l } 
 { \text { EcoRI } } &  { \text { NcoI } } & { \text { EcoRI/NcoI } } \
\hline
 { 21.2 \mathrm {~kb} }&{ 19.3 \mathrm {~kb} } &{ 19.3 \mathrm {~kb} } \
7.4 \mathrm {~kb} & 16.4 \mathrm {~kb} & 7.4 \mathrm {~kb} \
5.8 \mathrm {~kb} & 4.6 \mathrm {~kb} & 5.1 \mathrm {~kb} \
5.7 \mathrm {~kb} & 4.2 \mathrm {~kb} & 3.9 \mathrm {~kb} \
4.9 \mathrm {~kb} & 4.0 \mathrm {~kb} & 3.5 \mathrm {~kb} \
3.5 \mathrm {~kb} & & 2.7 \mathrm {~kb} \
& & 2.2 \mathrm {~kb} \
& & 1.9 \mathrm {~kb} \
& & 1.8 \mathrm {~kb} \
& & 0.7 \mathrm {~kb}
\end{array}$$ a. How many times does the EcoRI enzyme cut the $\lambda$ DNA? How many times does the NcoI enzyme cut the $\lambda$ DNA?
b. Use the fragment size data to generate a physical map of the bacteriophage $\lambda$ genome, indicating the order and relative positions of the restriction enzyme recognition sites.

Accepted Answer

a. To determine how many times the EcoRI

Question 20

Below is a genetic map for three loci. Which two of these loci would show the smallest physical distance in base pairs, if the frequency of crossing over is equal in this chromosome region? Explain your answer. $\begin{array} { lll } 
\text { A } &&&&\text { B } &&&\text { C } \
\hline
\end{array}$
$5 \text { map units } ~~~~~~~~~7 \text { map units } $

Accepted Answer

B

The loci A and B would show the small

Loci that are far apart:

Crossing over is often reduced around centromeric regions of chromosomes. If you were trying to construct a genetic map of two linked marker loci in this region, what result might you obtain?

What information CANNOT be learned from the structure of a protein?

The set of all proteins encoded by the genome is called the:

Which of the following genes are paralogs?

A set of overlapping DNA fragments that form a contiguous stretch of DNA is called a:

A human gene with a disease phenotype is going to be mapped by positional cloning. Which would be the MOST useful for this task?

In mass spectrometry, a molecule is ionized and its migration rate in an electrical field is determined. What information does the migration rate tell about the molecule?

Which class of genes is the result of an ancient gene duplication?

A new species of plant was discovered and its genome was sequenced. A BLAST search was performed on a small section of one of the chromosomes and one gene in this region showed 98% similarity to a gene in Arabidopsis. Based on this information, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Crossing over is often reduced around centromeric regions of chromosomes. If you were trying to construct a genetic map of two linked marker loci in this region, how would the genetic map correspond to the physical map?

How can a BLAST search reveal information about protein function?

Explain why genetic and physical map distances may differ in relative distances between two genes on a chromosome.

Below is a genetic map for three loci. Which two of these loci would show the smallest physical distance in base pairs, if the frequency of crossing over is equal in this chromosome region? Explain your answer. A B C $5 \text { map units } ~~~~~~~~~7 \text { map units }$

Introduction to Genetics

Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction

Basic Principles of Heredity

Sex Determination and Sex-Linked Characteristics

Extensions and Modifications of Basic Principles

Pedigree Analysis, Applications, and Genetic Testing

Linkage, Recombination, and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping

Chromosome Variation

Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems

DNA: the Chemical Nature of the Gene

Chromosome Structure and Organelle Dna

DNA Replication and Recombination

Transcription

Rna Molecules and Rna Processing

The Genetic Code and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Gene Mutations and Dna Repair

Molecular Genetic Analysis and Biotechnology

Epigenetics

Developmental Genetics and Immunogenetics

Cancer Genetics

Quantitative Genetics

Population Genetics

Evolutionary Genetics

Filters

Exam 20: Genomics and Proteomics

Loci that are far apart:

Crossing over is often reduced around centromeric regions of chromosomes. If you were trying to construct a genetic map of two linked marker loci in this region, what result might you obtain?

What information CANNOT be learned from the structure of a protein?

The set of all proteins encoded by the genome is called the:

Which of the following genes are paralogs?

A set of overlapping DNA fragments that form a contiguous stretch of DNA is called a:

A human gene with a disease phenotype is going to be mapped by positional cloning. Which would be the MOST useful for this task?

In mass spectrometry, a molecule is ionized and its migration rate in an electrical field is determined. What information does the migration rate tell about the molecule?

Which class of genes is the result of an ancient gene duplication?

A new species of plant was discovered and its genome was sequenced. A BLAST search was performed on a small section of one of the chromosomes and one gene in this region showed 98% similarity to a gene in Arabidopsis. Based on this information, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Crossing over is often reduced around centromeric regions of chromosomes. If you were trying to construct a genetic map of two linked marker loci in this region, how would the genetic map correspond to the physical map?

How can a BLAST search reveal information about protein function?

Explain why genetic and physical map distances may differ in relative distances between two genes on a chromosome.

Introduction to Genetics

Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction

Basic Principles of Heredity

Sex Determination and Sex-Linked Characteristics

Extensions and Modifications of Basic Principles

Pedigree Analysis, Applications, and Genetic Testing

Linkage, Recombination, and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping

Chromosome Variation

Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems

DNA: the Chemical Nature of the Gene

Chromosome Structure and Organelle Dna

DNA Replication and Recombination

Transcription

Rna Molecules and Rna Processing

The Genetic Code and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Gene Mutations and Dna Repair

Molecular Genetic Analysis and Biotechnology

Epigenetics

Developmental Genetics and Immunogenetics

Cancer Genetics

Quantitative Genetics

Population Genetics

Evolutionary Genetics

Filters