Exam 8: Foundations of Individual and Group Behavior

Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes, or between behavior and attitudes is known as__________ .

The goals of organizational behavior are to explain and alter behavior.

Holland's Typology of Personality and Sample Occupations suggests that the "investigative" personality would be well suited for all of the following occupations except

Rosetta believes that if she puts in extra effort at work, she will receive the bonus that she deserves. Rosetta has an internal locus of control.

An individual experiences cognitive dissonance when there is conflict or inconsistencies among two or more of his or her attitudes.

Jill's sales for last month were 15% less than usual. Ordinarily she meets her sales goal every month. This is an example of

Suspending an employee for a week without pay for arriving at work intoxicated would be an example of

Application of Cognitive Dissonance Marjorie has always believed that the most effective way to manage people is to be caring and compassionate. She felt the workplace should be a pleasant environment where people could enjoy coming to work. That worked fine for 15 years until the recent hiring of a new vice- president. Not only does he want the work environment changed so that "people spend more time working and less time on social issues," but he has informed Marjorie she must lay off 10 employees in her department in order to cut costs. -Marjorie spent time in developing which job- related attitude?

__________refers to systematically reinforcing behavior at each successive step that moves an individual closer to a desired behavior.

Henry is usually outgoing, friendly, talkative, and enjoys establishing new relationships. One of his personality traits is extraversion.

Which of the following is concerned with the degree to which an employee identifies with his or her job, actively participates in it, and considers his or her performance important to his or her self- worth?

Application of Personality Traits and Predicting Work- Related Behaviors Talk about personalities! Samantha is sure she has one of everything in her very diverse workforce. Sometimes she wonders if her 20 employees have anything in common. Yesterday Jon came in complaining and blaming her for his poor performance evaluation. He seemed to forget the five differing times during the last six months he and Samantha had sat down and discussed the fact that his continual tardiness and absences were going to affect his evaluation. Then there was Joe, who was always Joe. He was a likable enough person, but he was always loud and outspoken and bordered on being rude. Even when the president of the company had been in the office last week, Joe was still the same Joe. Then there was Cassie who made daily the statement that the end justifies the means. Samantha, more than once, had to remind Cassie of the company code of ethics. Finally, though, there was Jennifer who quietly and efficiently did her work on a consistent basis. She was always ready for a new assignment and trusted that she had the abilities needed in order to succeed on the next project. For Samantha, she was a safety net in times of crisis. -Samantha has to select one of out of two projects to work on. She knows the big one will take weeks to complete and is important. The small one can be completed by the end of the day, but it is not that important. Her decision to work on the small one illustrates her__________ dimension of the Myers- Briggs Type Indicator.

Describe the distortions of the five shortcut methods of judging others.

__________is the extent to which others in the same situation tend to behave in the same way.

__________of an attitude reflects feelings and emotions an individual has toward something.

Carmine is expressing the __________when he tells his boss that he thinks that they are doing better than their competitor because they are making more sales than Company XYZ this year.

A number of factors operate to shape and sometimes distort perception. The factors can reside in the perceiver, in the target being perceived, or in the

Describe Holland's research and explain how his typologies of personality are related to different types of occupations.

Research has concluded that people seek consistency between which of the following?

After wearing blue jeans to work for three days and getting harassed by fellow coworkers who were wearing slacks or skirts, Janice decided to go buy slacks for work and leave her blue jeans for the weekend. This is an example of which of the following?