Exam 8: Foundations of Individual and Group Behavior

When there is inconsistency between an individual's attitude and behavior, he or she tends to correct it by altering either the attitude or the behavior or by developing a rationalization for the discrepancy.

__________is the part of an attitude that is comprised of beliefs, opinions, knowledge, and information.

How does the Myers- Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)help managers?

Application of Shortcuts Used in Judging Others Frederic has 15 sales employees for whom he is responsible. In the next month, he must conduct performance evaluations for all of his employees. His employees are all so different, sometimes it seems to Frederic there is no way to give an honest appraisal of each individual. Just this morning, for example, two employees were late for the weekly sales meeting. Frederic can never remember Jake being late before, but Carol is late every week. Carol's constant tardiness for their weekly meeting is the primary characteristic that comes to mind when Frederic sits down to do her performance appraisal. Jake, on the other hand, is always on time, always has his reports in by their due date, and always meets all deadlines. Then there is George. George is his outstanding salesperson. Each month Frederic expects more business to be written by George than the previous month, and George never lets him down. At least Frederic knows he can depend on George. -Carol's behavior seems consistent to Frederic. He will probably conclude that her behavior is

__________is a major reason that people join groups.

Application of Cognitive Dissonance Marjorie has always believed that the most effective way to manage people is to be caring and compassionate. She felt the workplace should be a pleasant environment where people could enjoy coming to work. That worked fine for 15 years until the recent hiring of a new vice- president. Not only does he want the work environment changed so that "people spend more time working and less time on social issues," but he has informed Marjorie she must lay off 10 employees in her department in order to cut costs. -Which of the following will not affect the amount of dissonance Marjorie experiences in this situation?

Employees react to perceptions, not reality.

Application of Shortcuts Used in Judging Others Frederic has 15 sales employees for whom he is responsible. In the next month, he must conduct performance evaluations for all of his employees. His employees are all so different, sometimes it seems to Frederic there is no way to give an honest appraisal of each individual. Just this morning, for example, two employees were late for the weekly sales meeting. Frederic can never remember Jake being late before, but Carol is late every week. Carol's constant tardiness for their weekly meeting is the primary characteristic that comes to mind when Frederic sits down to do her performance appraisal. Jake, on the other hand, is always on time, always has his reports in by their due date, and always meets all deadlines. Then there is George. George is his outstanding salesperson. Each month Frederic expects more business to be written by George than the previous month, and George never lets him down. At least Frederic knows he can depend on George. -Frederic tells himself that Carol's lateness is to be expected since she's a working mom. What shortcut is Frederic using to judge Carol?

__________is one of the more widely used methods of identifying personalities.

According to the five factor model of personality, self- control and locus of control are the same trait.

Research on perception consistently demonstrates that individuals who look at the same thing will see it in the same way.

Application of Cognitive Dissonance Marjorie has always believed that the most effective way to manage people is to be caring and compassionate. She felt the workplace should be a pleasant environment where people could enjoy coming to work. That worked fine for 15 years until the recent hiring of a new vice- president. Not only does he want the work environment changed so that "people spend more time working and less time on social issues," but he has informed Marjorie she must lay off 10 employees in her department in order to cut costs. -Since the decision to lay off 10 people is a directive over which Marjorie has little control, her dissonance level will be__________ if she were in control.

Explain Emotional Intelligence, and list its five dimensions.

__________is any relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience.

Holland's model argues that satisfaction is highest and turnover is lowest when personality and occupation are in agreement.

Organizational commitment is the extent to which an employee identifies with his or her job, actively participates in it, and considers his or her performance important to his or her feelings of self- esteem.

__________strengthens a behavior and increases the likelihood that it will be repeated.

There are __________ personality types used in the Myers- Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI).

__________conscientious people tend to be __________performers than conscientious people across a variety of jobs.

Holland's research holds that investigative and enterprising are opposing themes while social, enterprising, and conventional are mutually reinforcing themes.