Question 1

In a muscle that is resistant to fatigue, such as that of a marathon runner, you would expect

Accepted Answer

A)  a nonstriated appearance. 
B)  a limited (or decreased) blood supply. 
C)  very few mitochondria. 
D)  elevated levels of ATP. 
A)  a nonstriated appearance. 
B)  a limited (or decreased) blood supply. 
C)  very few mitochondria. 
D)  elevated levels of ATP.

Question 2

What advantage does the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts impart to vertebrates, even after growth has finished?

Accepted Answer

A)  As old bones are dissolved, new bones can be formed. 
B)  The cells enable bone to lengthen and shorten as needed. 
C)  The cells allow bone to get stronger as physical demands are placed on it. 
D)  Bone growth never finishes; it continues at a slow pace throughout life. 
A)  As old bones are dissolved, new bones can be formed. 
B)  The cells enable bone to lengthen and shorten as needed. 
C)  The cells allow bone to get stronger as physical demands are placed on it. 
D)  Bone growth never finishes; it continues at a slow pace throughout life.

Question 3

The living cells of cartilage are called

Accepted Answer

A)  osteoblasts. 
B)  chondrocytes. 
C)  osteocytes. 
D)  osteoclasts. 
A)  osteoblasts. 
B)  chondrocytes. 
C)  osteocytes. 
D)  osteoclasts.

Question 4

Over time, what will happen to the structure of the bones of a left-handed professional baseball player?

Accepted Answer

The bones associated with the

Question 5

The thick filaments of a myofibril are composed of

Accepted Answer

A)  sarcoplasm. 
B)  myosin. 
C)  myoglobin. 
D)  actin. 
E)  T tubules. 
A)  sarcoplasm. 
B)  myosin. 
C)  myoglobin. 
D)  actin. 
E)  T tubules.

Question 6

The muscles of your lower leg are arranged in antagonistic pairs so that you

Accepted Answer

A)  have a backup when one muscle is not strong enough. 
B)  obtain a stronger contraction than you would with a single muscle. 
C)  can stand upright. 
D)  can both flex and extend your leg. 
A)  have a backup when one muscle is not strong enough. 
B)  obtain a stronger contraction than you would with a single muscle. 
C)  can stand upright. 
D)  can both flex and extend your leg.

Question 7

What is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

A)  Storage of calcium ions 
B)  Provides support 
C)  Storage of ATP 
D)  Contraction 
A)  Storage of calcium ions 
B)  Provides support 
C)  Storage of ATP 
D)  Contraction

Question 8

Cartilage primarily consists of

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium and phosphate. 
B)  magnesium and manganese. 
C)  myosin. 
D)  glycoproteins and collagen. 
E)  actin. 
A)  calcium and phosphate. 
B)  magnesium and manganese. 
C)  myosin. 
D)  glycoproteins and collagen. 
E)  actin.

Question 9

Red bone marrow, which produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, is located in

Accepted Answer

A)  cartilage. 
B)  ligaments. 
C)  compact bone. 
D)  spongy bone. 
A)  cartilage. 
B)  ligaments. 
C)  compact bone. 
D)  spongy bone.

Question 10

Skeletal muscle

Accepted Answer

A)  expands the large blood vessels. 
B)  contracts the large blood vessels. 
C)  is the muscle tissue of the heart. 
D)  propels food through the digestive tract. 
E)  moves the body. 
A)  expands the large blood vessels. 
B)  contracts the large blood vessels. 
C)  is the muscle tissue of the heart. 
D)  propels food through the digestive tract. 
E)  moves the body.

Question 11

Which of the following increases bone mass?

Accepted Answer

A)  Moderate stress from weight-bearing exercises 
B)  Increasing the action potentials that directly stimulate bones 
C)  Increased osteoclast activity 
D)  Dietary nitrogen supplements 
A)  Moderate stress from weight-bearing exercises 
B)  Increasing the action potentials that directly stimulate bones 
C)  Increased osteoclast activity 
D)  Dietary nitrogen supplements

Question 12

Thick filaments are composed primarily of ___________, whereas thin filaments consist of ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Z discs; T tubules 
B)  actin; myosin 
C)  T tubules; Z discs 
D)  myosin; actin 
A)  Z discs; T tubules 
B)  actin; myosin 
C)  T tubules; Z discs 
D)  myosin; actin

Question 13

During embryonic development, the skeleton is initially made of____________ , which is later replaced by bone.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During embryonic development, the skeleton is initially...

Question 14

If an athlete damages the cartilage in her knee, it tends to heal very slowly because cartilage

Accepted Answer

A)  is rejected by the body as it is formed. 
B)  lacks a blood supply. 
C)  cannot be replaced or repaired by the body. 
D)  hardens with age. 
E)  is dead tissue. 
A)  is rejected by the body as it is formed. 
B)  lacks a blood supply. 
C)  cannot be replaced or repaired by the body. 
D)  hardens with age. 
E)  is dead tissue.

Question 15

Which of the following attaches one bone to another bone at a joint?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cartilage 
B)  Callus 
C)  Tendon 
D)  Ligament 
A)  Cartilage 
B)  Callus 
C)  Tendon 
D)  Ligament

Question 16

The term motor unit refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  all the skeletal muscles in one region of the body. 
B)  all the muscle fibers that synapse with one motor neuron. 
C)  all the motor neurons stimulating a skeletal muscle. 
D)  all sarcomeres within a single muscle fiber. 
E)  an entire skeletal muscle. 
A)  all the skeletal muscles in one region of the body. 
B)  all the muscle fibers that synapse with one motor neuron. 
C)  all the motor neurons stimulating a skeletal muscle. 
D)  all sarcomeres within a single muscle fiber. 
E)  an entire skeletal muscle.

Question 17

Osteoporosis may occur when the activity of____________ exceeds the activity of ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  osteocytes; osteoclasts 
B)  osteoclasts; osteocytes 
C)  osteoclasts; osteoblasts 
D)  osteoblasts; osteoclasts 
A)  osteocytes; osteoclasts 
B)  osteoclasts; osteocytes 
C)  osteoclasts; osteoblasts 
D)  osteoblasts; osteoclasts

Question 18

After falling down a flight of stairs, it feels like you broke your ankle; however the emergency room doctor says you tore a ligament. This means you tore the

Accepted Answer

A)  delicate membrane that covers the surface of the bone. 
B)  insertion of a muscle. 
C)  connective tissue band that attaches muscle to bone. 
D)  the cartilage in your ankle joint. 
E)  connective tissue band that joins two bones. 
A)  delicate membrane that covers the surface of the bone. 
B)  insertion of a muscle. 
C)  connective tissue band that attaches muscle to bone. 
D)  the cartilage in your ankle joint. 
E)  connective tissue band that joins two bones.

Question 19

Both smooth and cardiac muscle fibers

Accepted Answer

A)  are striated. 
B)  contain a single nucleus. 
C)  possess intercalated discs. 
D)  have multiple nuclei. 
A)  are striated. 
B)  contain a single nucleus. 
C)  possess intercalated discs. 
D)  have multiple nuclei.

Question 20

An exoskeleton is characteristic of____________ , whereas an endoskeleton is a characteristic of____________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  sea anemones; humans 
B)  reptiles; insects 
C)  mammals; spiders 
D)  insects; reptiles 
A)  sea anemones; humans 
B)  reptiles; insects 
C)  mammals; spiders 
D)  insects; reptiles

Exam 41: Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

In a muscle that is resistant to fatigue, such as that of a marathon runner, you would expect

What advantage does the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts impart to vertebrates, even after growth has finished?

The living cells of cartilage are called

Over time, what will happen to the structure of the bones of a left-handed professional baseball player?

The thick filaments of a myofibril are composed of

The muscles of your lower leg are arranged in antagonistic pairs so that you

What is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

Cartilage primarily consists of

Red bone marrow, which produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, is located in

Skeletal muscle

Which of the following increases bone mass?

Thick filaments are composed primarily of ___________, whereas thin filaments consist of ___________.

During embryonic development, the skeleton is initially made of____________ , which is later replaced by bone.

If an athlete damages the cartilage in her knee, it tends to heal very slowly because cartilage

Which of the following attaches one bone to another bone at a joint?

The term motor unit refers to

Osteoporosis may occur when the activity of____________ exceeds the activity of ____________.

After falling down a flight of stairs, it feels like you broke your ankle; however the emergency room doctor says you tore a ligament. This means you tore the

Both smooth and cardiac muscle fibers

An exoskeleton is characteristic of____________ , whereas an endoskeleton is a characteristic of____________ .

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

DNA: The Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity Ii: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

The Urinary System

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

Filters

Thick filaments are composed primarily of _, whereas thin filaments consist of _.

Osteoporosis may occur when the activity of exceeds the activity of .

An exoskeleton is characteristic of , whereas an endoskeleton is a characteristic of .