Exam 28: Community Interactions

-In the illustration above, the shrubby blueberry and juniper are classified as a community.

The rocks and weather that influence succession are examples of _________factors.

How do organisms help to cause the changes that result in their own replacement in succession?

The biologist who studies interactions at the community level investigates interactions among

In the rain forests of Panama, scientists found a colony of tree-dwelling black ants where some individuals had red abdomens. When examined, the scientists determined that the ants with red abdomens were infected with roundworm eggs. Birds would prey on these ants, mistaking their red bellies for berries. In the interactions among the tree-dwelling black ants, the roundworms, and the birds, the ants are the_________ for the roundworms.

What happens to the soil in an area as succession proceeds?

A bat pollinates a plant while obtaining nectar from it. This behavior is an example of_________.

On the slopes of the Washington Cascades, ecologists have studied some closely related vole species for decades. Many of these vole species, when they occur on separate mountains, tend to choose very similar seed sizes for food. However, when these species occur together on the same mountain slope, their food choices tend to differ, with some species selecting small seeds and others feeding exclusively on larger seeds. This behavior may be an example of

The stable community that tends to persist in an area after succession is known as the_________community.

The spotted brown and black coats of mountain lion cubs make it difficult for predators to find them. This is known as_________ .

What distinguishes predators from parasites?)

When a community like the tallgrass prairie is maintained by recurring disturbances such as periodic fires set by Native Americans or by lightning, a _________community exists.

Two families of feral cats move into the same barn. One family preys on the mice; the other preys on the pigeons. This behavior is an example of

Most bacteria can reproduce very quickly, so their populations increase rapidly. Describe the evolutionary process that prevents most human-disease-causing bacterial parasites from causing the human population to become extinct.

Invasive species outcompete native species because they lack predators and have high reproductive rates.

Earthworms live in many grass and forest ecosystems, and they aerate the soil as they burrow. They also may mix soil layers as they ingest organic matter and travel between layers. These traits, taken collectively, make up the_________ of the earthworm.

Along many southern bayous, you can see the remnants of old plantations that have been reclaimed by the forest and swamp in a process known as _________succession.

Aphids pierce the tissues of plants with their tubular mouthparts and suck out the phloem juices. Because this food is mostly sugar water with a low concentration of protein, the aphids have to process large volumes of it to obtain sufficient protein. Most of the excess sugar and water passes right through the aphidsʹ digestive tracts and is defecated as ʺhoneydew,ʺ which is actively sought out and eaten by some ants. The ants will even ʺmilkʺ honeydew by stroking the aphids. In return, ants protect their aphids from predators, even going so far as taking them inside overnight. The relationship between the aphids and ants is called

There are several species of plain-looking, brownish-gray moths that, when they spread their wings, have large bright red or orange eye -shaped circles on their hind wings. What is this adaptation called, and what advantage does it give to the moth?

The _________principle states that two species cannot occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time.