Exam 28: Community Interactions

The first community that forms on bare rock often has organisms such as

Succession in small ponds and lakes is usually dependent on the input of _________from outside the ecosystem.

Fleas on a dog are an example of

A species that plays a major role in determining the structure of its ecological community is

Trees often produce secondary chemicals to deter herbivores from feeding on their leaves; in turn, many herbivores have developed ways of avoiding or detoxifying these chemicals. This is an example of

Organisms introduced as biocontrols for an invasive species can harm native species.

An ecological niche

Over the past century, sagebrush has dramatically expanded its range over the Colorado plateauʹs grasslands. This development has been attributed to the overgrazing of the areaʹs grasses by cattle and sheep. This example indicates that

Every species occupies a unique ecological_________that encompasses all aspects of its way of life.

Succession after a disturbance such as forest harvest or a landslide is referred to as_________succession.

After a forested area such as a national forest is clear-cut, what type of succession occurs?

How might a predator use mimicry to its own advantage?

The Masai people of Kenya, in east Africa, regularly consume the blood and milk of their cattle. Based on this information alone, we might classify the relationship between the Masai and cattle as

The Masai people of Kenya, in east Africa, regularly consume the blood and milk of their cattle. The cattle derive a net benefit because the Masai also protect them from predators and help them find water and food. Based on this information, the relationship between the Masai and cattle is best classified as

If similar species each occupy a smaller niche when they live together than they would if they lived alone, they are said to be

After forest harvest in an old-growth forest of the Oregon Cascades, an ecologist noted that the species that were present after 5 years differed from the species that were present 25 years later, and these differed from the species that were present 75 years later. What are the general characteristics of the species at each stage, and why does the community change over time?

What ecological process causes a lake to change into a marsh over a long period of time?

-The succession shown in the illustration is

Two species of buttercup are found in a field in North Dakota, and they tend to flower at approximately the same time in early spring. When some ecology students decided to conduct an experiment in community dynamics, they selectively removed one species from the field by hand-picking all emergent plants. The remaining species showed a significant increase in its population size during the next season. This study demonstrated

Birds follow a herd of water buffalo to catch insects that are disturbed as the large herbivores walk through the grass. When large predators are near, the birds fly into the air and make warning calls. Who are the birds warning?