Question 1

Which protein appears to regulate the entry of cells into an S phase? This protein is also known as the "guardian of the genome."

Accepted Answer

A)  cyclin 
B)  p53 
C)  p34 
D)  p102 
E)  phosphokinase 
A)  cyclin 
B)  p53 
C)  p34 
D)  p102 
E)  phosphokinase B

Question 2

Mutant versions of genes that are normally involved in promoting the cell cycle are known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  attenuators 
B)  proto -oncogenes 
C)  oncogenes 
D)  tumor suppressors 
E)  malignant genes 
A)  attenuators 
B)  proto -oncogenes 
C)  oncogenes 
D)  tumor suppressors 
E)  malignant genes C

Question 3

Much has been written about p53 in terms of cancer biology. What is p53, and what is its significance?

Accepted Answer

Mutations in the p53 gene are important in the development of a number of cancers. It is a tumor -suppressor gene that normally functions to control the transition from late G1 to S phase. The product of p53 has DNA -binding
properties.

Question 4

What is the significance of CDK?

Accepted Answer

CDK symbolizes a class of prot

Question 5

Describe the molecular nature of mutation, as related to cancer, in a ras gene.

Accepted Answer

The ras gene family encodes a protein of

Question 6

When the normal retinoblastoma protein is dephosphorylated, it acts to suppress cell division by binding to and inactivating the E2F transcription factor.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

What functional differences exist between various cyclins?

Accepted Answer

Cyclins combine with a kinase to regulat

Question 8

Name two classes of proteins that combine to directly control progression through the cell cycle.

Accepted Answer

protein ki

Question 9

Differentiate among the following types of genes: tumor -suppressor gene, proto -oncogene, and oncogene.

Accepted Answer

Tumor -suppressor genes normal

Question 10

If someone has a predisposition to cancer, what genetic circumstance likely exists?

Accepted Answer

a germ -line mutatio

Question 11

Driver mutations provide a growth advantage to a tumor cell. Which type of mutation is known to accumulate in cancer cells but has no direct contribution to the cancer phenotype?

Accepted Answer

A)  carrier mutations 
B)  passenger mutations 
C)  alteration mutations 
D)  indirect mutations 
E)  induced mutations 
A)  carrier mutations 
B)  passenger mutations 
C)  alteration mutations 
D)  indirect mutations 
E)  induced mutations

Question 12

Define cancer at the genetic level.

Accepted Answer

Cancer is a genetic disorder that can re

Question 13

Name three human cancers with a genetic predisposition. What appears to be the genetic cause of each?

Accepted Answer

retinoblastoma (RB): autosomal

Question 14

A retrovirus uses reverse transcriptase to make a DNA copy of RNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

What is retinoblastoma, and what is its supposed genetic basis?

Accepted Answer

Retinoblastoma is cancer of the retinal

Question 16

As more is learned about cancer, it has become clear that cancer, with few exceptions, has no genetic basis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

List at least three environmental agents or factors that are known to cause cancer.

Accepted Answer

radiation, a variety

Question 18

There are several checkpoints in the mitotic cell cycle. All occur in the S phase.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Any agent that causes damage to DNA is a potential carcinogen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Describe the major cellular and molecular events that mark the entry of mitosis from G2.

Accepted Answer

condensation of chromatin to f

Exam 16: The Genetics of Cancer

Which protein appears to regulate the entry of cells into an S phase? This protein is also known as the "guardian of the genome."

Mutant versions of genes that are normally involved in promoting the cell cycle are known as ________.

Much has been written about p53 in terms of cancer biology. What is p53, and what is its significance?

What is the significance of CDK?

Describe the molecular nature of mutation, as related to cancer, in a ras gene.

When the normal retinoblastoma protein is dephosphorylated, it acts to suppress cell division by binding to and inactivating the E2F transcription factor.

What functional differences exist between various cyclins?

Name two classes of proteins that combine to directly control progression through the cell cycle.

Differentiate among the following types of genes: tumor -suppressor gene, proto -oncogene, and oncogene.

If someone has a predisposition to cancer, what genetic circumstance likely exists?

Driver mutations provide a growth advantage to a tumor cell. Which type of mutation is known to accumulate in cancer cells but has no direct contribution to the cancer phenotype?

Define cancer at the genetic level.

Name three human cancers with a genetic predisposition. What appears to be the genetic cause of each?

A retrovirus uses reverse transcriptase to make a DNA copy of RNA.

What is retinoblastoma, and what is its supposed genetic basis?

As more is learned about cancer, it has become clear that cancer, with few exceptions, has no genetic basis.

List at least three environmental agents or factors that are known to cause cancer.

There are several checkpoints in the mitotic cell cycle. All occur in the S phase.

Any agent that causes damage to DNA is a potential carcinogen.

Describe the major cellular and molecular events that mark the entry of mitosis from G2.

Introduction to Genetics

Mitosis and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Modifications of Mendelian Ratios

Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes

Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and Arrangement

Linkage and Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bactierophages

DNA Structure and Analysis

DNA Replication and Recombination

Chromosome Structure and Dna Sequence Organization

The Genetic Code and Transcription

Translation and Proteins

Gene Mutation, Dna Repair, and Transposition

Regulation of Gene Expression

Recombinant Dna Technology

Genomics and Proteomics

Applications and Ethics of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Developmental Genetics

Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial Traits

Population and Evolutionary Genetics

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