Exam 6: Learning

What is a secondary reinforcer?

Vicarious punishment

Responses that are followed by satisfaction to the animal will be more firmly connected with the situation so that they will be more likely to recur in the future.This is a brief statement of the

In classical conditioning,the opposite of acquisition is

Negative reinforcement decreases the likelihood of a response.

When someone acquires a complex response through reinforcement for gradual approximations to the response,the training procedure is known as

When animals are trained for circus acts or other shows,in most cases their training relies mainly on

Pavlov believed that presenting the CS at nearly the same time as the UCS caused

To train an animal to make some response,a psychologist decides to use the procedure known as shaping.This means that the psychologist will

Suppose you wanted to study learning in alligators.You give an alligator food if it approaches a green wall but not if it approaches a red wall.After hundreds of trials the alligator still approaches each wall equally.Which of the following conclusions is best?

An experimenter wishes to provide reinforcement for a rat every time it presses a lever.But the rat never presses the lever.Therefore the experimenter decides to use the procedure of shaping.What will the experimenter do first?

In classical conditioning,which of the following involves learning?

As a joke,Henry has taught his beagle,Miles,to salivate to the phone ringing.He did this by pairing the phone ringing with food treats for a week.Four months later,Henry no longer finds it amusing that Miles drools to every phone that rings.Explain how Henry could attempt to extinguish this behavior.Another option would be to try and train Miles to only salivate to Henry's phone ring.Explain how Henry could do this and the name of the phenomenon.

An individual receives a reinforcement after every sixth response.Which type of schedule of reinforcement is this?

A nursing mother puts her baby to the breast as soon as she hears it cry.After a few days,her milk begins to flow as soon as the baby cries.In terms of classical conditioning,what is the conditioned response?

The main difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning is that in operant conditioning

In applied behavior analysis,also known as behavior modification,a psychologist tries to remove the reinforcers for unwanted behaviors and provides reinforcers for more acceptable behaviors.

Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristic assumptions of behaviorists?

Modern behaviorists tend to

Pavlov presumed that animals are born with certain automatic connections-called unconditioned reflexes.