Question 1

Which of the following is most likely to occur during an experiment on classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A) The subject shows spontaneous recovery before extinction. 
B) A subject that has been trained to discriminate responds equally to all stimuli. 
C) The subject displays an unconditioned response on the first trial. 
D) The subject displays a conditioned response on the first trial. 
A) The subject shows spontaneous recovery before extinction. 
B) A subject that has been trained to discriminate responds equally to all stimuli. 
C) The subject displays an unconditioned response on the first trial. 
D) The subject displays a conditioned response on the first trial.

Question 2

When your professor arrives and opens his notes,you stop talking to the person next to you and prepare to take notes.This situation is most clearly an example of

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning. 
B) belongingness. 
C) a discriminative stimulus. 
D) an unconditioned reinforcer. 
A) classical conditioning. 
B) belongingness. 
C) a discriminative stimulus. 
D) an unconditioned reinforcer.

Question 3

What is the procedure for producing extinction in operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A) Present the unconditioned stimulus without the conditioned stimulus. 
B) Present the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus. 
C) Give no reinforcement after the response. 
D) Punish undesirable responses. 
A) Present the unconditioned stimulus without the conditioned stimulus. 
B) Present the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus. 
C) Give no reinforcement after the response. 
D) Punish undesirable responses.

Question 4

In the presence of a light,an animal makes a response that is followed by food.The food is given only when the animal makes the response.Which type of learning is this?

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning 
B) operant conditioning 
C) social learning 
D) Not enough information is given for an answer. 
A) classical conditioning 
B) operant conditioning 
C) social learning 
D) Not enough information is given for an answer.

Question 5

Which of the following would be an example of omission training?

Accepted Answer

A) You drink less beer than you once did,because you feel sick after drinking more than one glass. 
B) Because you drive recklessly,you temporarily lose the privilege of driving the family car. 
C) Your employer gives you bonus pay for working overtime. 
D) You turn off a dripping faucet,ending the "drip-drip-drip" sound. 
A) You drink less beer than you once did,because you feel sick after drinking more than one glass. 
B) Because you drive recklessly,you temporarily lose the privilege of driving the family car. 
C) Your employer gives you bonus pay for working overtime. 
D) You turn off a dripping faucet,ending the "drip-drip-drip" sound.

Question 6

According to Pavlov,classical conditioning occurs if

Accepted Answer

A) the animal receives reward or punishment. 
B) the animal understands the relationship between the CS and UCS. 
C) the CS and UCS are presented close together in time. 
D) the CS is physically more intense than the UCS. 
A) the animal receives reward or punishment. 
B) the animal understands the relationship between the CS and UCS. 
C) the CS and UCS are presented close together in time. 
D) the CS is physically more intense than the UCS.

Question 7

The British and American legal systems are similar to radical behaviorism in that both

Accepted Answer

A) base decisions upon intervening variables. 
B) rely on inferred mental events for interpretations. 
C) view the individual as more important than the population as a whole. 
D) insist upon a description of what an individual did,not why they did it. 
A) base decisions upon intervening variables. 
B) rely on inferred mental events for interpretations. 
C) view the individual as more important than the population as a whole. 
D) insist upon a description of what an individual did,not why they did it.

Question 8

The probability of a given response is increased by

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcements only. 
B) negative reinforcements only. 
C) either a positive reinforcement or a negative reinforcement. 
D) neither a positive reinforcement nor a negative reinforcement. 
A) positive reinforcements only. 
B) negative reinforcements only. 
C) either a positive reinforcement or a negative reinforcement. 
D) neither a positive reinforcement nor a negative reinforcement.

Question 9

Suppose a cat has learned to push against a pole in order to escape from a puzzle box,like one of Thorndike's.What procedure would lead to the extinction of this response?

Accepted Answer

A) On the next few trials,open the box before the cat has a chance to push against the pole. 
B) On the next trial,give the cat a shock as soon as it touches the pole. 
C) On the next trial,give the cat a shock as soon as it gets out of the box. 
D) Let the cat push against the pole many times without opening the box. 
A) On the next few trials,open the box before the cat has a chance to push against the pole. 
B) On the next trial,give the cat a shock as soon as it touches the pole. 
C) On the next trial,give the cat a shock as soon as it gets out of the box. 
D) Let the cat push against the pole many times without opening the box.

Question 10

In classical conditioning,responding increases in both ____________________ and ____________________.
spontaneous recovery,acquisition or
acquisition,spontaneous recovery

Accepted Answer

spontaneous recovery

Question 11

Skinner conducted a famous study in which he punished bar pressing in rats attempting to obtain food by having the bar slap their paws each time they pressed it.Based on the results of this study,Skinner concluded that punishment is ineffective in the long run.A more accurate conclusion would be

Accepted Answer

A) punishment becomes more effective with the passage of time. 
B) punishment is effective in the long run if it inflicts enough pain. 
C) punishment does not weaken a response when no other response is available. 
D) negative reinforcement is ineffective in the long run,but punishment is very effective. 
A) punishment becomes more effective with the passage of time. 
B) punishment is effective in the long run if it inflicts enough pain. 
C) punishment does not weaken a response when no other response is available. 
D) negative reinforcement is ineffective in the long run,but punishment is very effective.

Question 12

An experimenter who wants to train a rat to pull a string to raise a flag begins by training it to stand up.This procedure is known as

Accepted Answer

A) stimulus generalization. 
B) secondary reinforcement. 
C) shaping. 
D) backward conditioning. 
A) stimulus generalization. 
B) secondary reinforcement. 
C) shaping. 
D) backward conditioning.

Question 13

Punishment is most likely to produce a long-lasting suppression of a behavior if

Accepted Answer

A) there is a long delay between the response and the punishment. 
B) the individual has an alternative response available to produce the reinforcement. 
C) the individual does not understand the reason for the punishment. 
D) the punishment is delivered the first time the individual makes the response and then never again. 
A) there is a long delay between the response and the punishment. 
B) the individual has an alternative response available to produce the reinforcement. 
C) the individual does not understand the reason for the punishment. 
D) the punishment is delivered the first time the individual makes the response and then never again.

Question 14

Pavlov paired the sound from a metronome with the presentation of food and measured the dog's salivation response.The sound from the metronome is known as the unconditioned stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Thorndike concluded from his research with cats in a puzzlebox that after a period of trial and error,cats gained insight (or "understood")the solution for how to escape.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

You were once stung by a bee and now you are somewhat frightened by all insects.You are displaying

Accepted Answer

A) spontaneous recovery. 
B) discrimination. 
C) stimulus generalization. 
D) successive approximation. 
A) spontaneous recovery. 
B) discrimination. 
C) stimulus generalization. 
D) successive approximation.

Question 17

Classical conditioning applies primarily to __________ responses;operant conditioning applies primarily to __________ responses.

Accepted Answer

A) visceral...reflexive 
B) skeletal...visceral 
C) skeletal...reflexive 
D) visceral...skeletal 
A) visceral...reflexive 
B) skeletal...visceral 
C) skeletal...reflexive 
D) visceral...skeletal

Question 18

Some people break bad habits by giving themselves a treat whenever they get through a day without engaging in the habit they want to break.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) self-efficacy. 
B) vicarious reinforcement. 
C) self-reinforcement. 
D) stimulus generalization. 
A) self-efficacy. 
B) vicarious reinforcement. 
C) self-reinforcement. 
D) stimulus generalization.

Question 19

What is a secondary reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

A) a reinforcer that is offered when the first reinforcer is rejected 
B) a reinforcer that acts as a punisher 
C) a reinforcer that is received vicariously 
D) a reinforcer that became reinforcing through previous experience 
A) a reinforcer that is offered when the first reinforcer is rejected 
B) a reinforcer that acts as a punisher 
C) a reinforcer that is received vicariously 
D) a reinforcer that became reinforcing through previous experience

Question 20

Suppose your alarm made a slight clicking sound just before the alarm goes off.Even though you didn't wake up to the clicking sound initially,now you do,due to classical conditioning.In this example,the loud alarm is a/an

Accepted Answer

A) unconditioned stimulus. 
B) unconditioned response. 
C) conditioned stimulus. 
D) conditioned response. 
A) unconditioned stimulus. 
B) unconditioned response. 
C) conditioned stimulus. 
D) conditioned response.

Which of the following is most likely to occur during an experiment on classical conditioning?

When your professor arrives and opens his notes,you stop talking to the person next to you and prepare to take notes.This situation is most clearly an example of

What is the procedure for producing extinction in operant conditioning?

In the presence of a light,an animal makes a response that is followed by food.The food is given only when the animal makes the response.Which type of learning is this?

Which of the following would be an example of omission training?

According to Pavlov,classical conditioning occurs if

The British and American legal systems are similar to radical behaviorism in that both

The probability of a given response is increased by

Suppose a cat has learned to push against a pole in order to escape from a puzzle box,like one of Thorndike's.What procedure would lead to the extinction of this response?

In classical conditioning,responding increases in both and . spontaneous recovery,acquisition or acquisition,spontaneous recovery

Skinner conducted a famous study in which he punished bar pressing in rats attempting to obtain food by having the bar slap their paws each time they pressed it.Based on the results of this study,Skinner concluded that punishment is ineffective in the long run.A more accurate conclusion would be

An experimenter who wants to train a rat to pull a string to raise a flag begins by training it to stand up.This procedure is known as

Punishment is most likely to produce a long-lasting suppression of a behavior if

Pavlov paired the sound from a metronome with the presentation of food and measured the dog's salivation response.The sound from the metronome is known as the unconditioned stimulus.

Thorndike concluded from his research with cats in a puzzlebox that after a period of trial and error,cats gained insight (or "understood")the solution for how to escape.

You were once stung by a bee and now you are somewhat frightened by all insects.You are displaying

Classical conditioning applies primarily to responses;operant conditioning applies primarily to responses.

Some people break bad habits by giving themselves a treat whenever they get through a day without engaging in the habit they want to break.This is an example of

What is a secondary reinforcer?

Suppose your alarm made a slight clicking sound just before the alarm goes off.Even though you didn't wake up to the clicking sound initially,now you do,due to classical conditioning.In this example,the loud alarm is a/an

What Is Psychology

Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

Nature,nurture,and Human Development

Memory

Cognition and Language

Intelligence

Consciousness

Motivated Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors,stress,and Health

Social Psychology

Personality

Abnormality,therapy,and Social Issues

Specific Disorders and Treatments

S 1-16:final Examination

Filters

Exam 6: Learning

Which of the following is most likely to occur during an experiment on classical conditioning?

When your professor arrives and opens his notes,you stop talking to the person next to you and prepare to take notes.This situation is most clearly an example of

What is the procedure for producing extinction in operant conditioning?

In the presence of a light,an animal makes a response that is followed by food.The food is given only when the animal makes the response.Which type of learning is this?

Which of the following would be an example of omission training?

According to Pavlov,classical conditioning occurs if

The British and American legal systems are similar to radical behaviorism in that both

The probability of a given response is increased by

Suppose a cat has learned to push against a pole in order to escape from a puzzle box,like one of Thorndike's.What procedure would lead to the extinction of this response?

In classical conditioning,responding increases in both ____________________ and ____________________. spontaneous recovery,acquisition or acquisition,spontaneous recovery

Skinner conducted a famous study in which he punished bar pressing in rats attempting to obtain food by having the bar slap their paws each time they pressed it.Based on the results of this study,Skinner concluded that punishment is ineffective in the long run.A more accurate conclusion would be

An experimenter who wants to train a rat to pull a string to raise a flag begins by training it to stand up.This procedure is known as

Punishment is most likely to produce a long-lasting suppression of a behavior if

Pavlov paired the sound from a metronome with the presentation of food and measured the dog's salivation response.The sound from the metronome is known as the unconditioned stimulus.

Thorndike concluded from his research with cats in a puzzlebox that after a period of trial and error,cats gained insight (or "understood")the solution for how to escape.

You were once stung by a bee and now you are somewhat frightened by all insects.You are displaying

Classical conditioning applies primarily to __________ responses;operant conditioning applies primarily to __________ responses.

Some people break bad habits by giving themselves a treat whenever they get through a day without engaging in the habit they want to break.This is an example of

What is a secondary reinforcer?

Suppose your alarm made a slight clicking sound just before the alarm goes off.Even though you didn't wake up to the clicking sound initially,now you do,due to classical conditioning.In this example,the loud alarm is a/an

What Is Psychology

Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

Nature,nurture,and Human Development

Memory

Cognition and Language

Intelligence

Consciousness

Motivated Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors,stress,and Health

Social Psychology

Personality

Abnormality,therapy,and Social Issues

Specific Disorders and Treatments

S 1-16:final Examination

Filters

In classical conditioning,responding increases in both and . spontaneous recovery,acquisition or acquisition,spontaneous recovery

Classical conditioning applies primarily to responses;operant conditioning applies primarily to responses.