Exam 6: Learning

An individual receives a reinforcement for the first response after some period of time,but the amount of time changes.Sometimes the individual has to wait as much as 3 minutes,sometimes as little as 10 seconds.This is an example of which type of schedule of reinforcement?

Another name for negative punishment is

Something that cannot be directly observed,but which links various procedures to various responses is called a(n)

You observe that your older cousin has become a successful physician,so you decide you would like to become a physician too.What kind of learning has taken place here?

Ivan Pavlov was a pioneer in the study of

In Pavlov's experiments he paired the presentation of food with a buzzer and measured salivation to each.In this experiment the salivation was

In what way do people sometimes make use of an operant-conditioning principle when they try to persuade someone to do something?

In an experiment on classical conditioning,a tone is followed by a puff of air to the eyes.After several repetitions,subjects blink their eyes when they hear the tone.In this experiment,the tone is the __________ and the puff of air is the __________.

A number of rats drink saccharin-flavored water while hearing loud noises and seeing bright lights.Later,some of the rats are made nauseated and others are given electric shocks.What do the rats learn to avoid?

Under a continuous schedule of reinforcement the animal is reinforced

An educational system in which students are taught one small step at a time,with frequent tests and positive reinforcements for correct answers,is probably an application of the principles of

Classical conditioning applies primarily to ____________________ responses;operant conditioning applies primarily to ____________________ responses. visceral,skeletal

An animal presses a lever for food in one box.If we now place it in a new but similar box,it presses the lever in that box as well.This is an example of:

What characterizes a methodological behaviorist?

Psychologists are nearly unanimous in their agreement that physical punishment (spanking)effectively reduces the likelihood of unwanted responses over extended periods of time.

Which of the following is most likely to increase your feelings of self-efficacy?

For what purpose would a psychologist make use of shaping?

Suppose your alarm made a slight clicking sound just before the alarm goes off.Even though you didn't wake up to the clicking sound initially,now you do,due to classical conditioning.In this example,the conditioned stimulus is

Another term for the Skinner box is the

The main difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning is that in classical conditioning