Question 1

Under what circumstances do we see spontaneous recovery of a learned response?

Accepted Answer

A) An individual is reinforced for responding to one stimulus but not to another. 
B) A distracting stimulus increases a weakly learned response. 
C) After a response is extinguished,the subject is given a delay and then tested again. 
D) The subject is exposed many times to the CS alone. 
A) An individual is reinforced for responding to one stimulus but not to another. 
B) A distracting stimulus increases a weakly learned response. 
C) After a response is extinguished,the subject is given a delay and then tested again. 
D) The subject is exposed many times to the CS alone.

Question 2

Edward Thorndike,a pioneer in the study of cats escaping from puzzle boxes,argued that animal learning depends on

Accepted Answer

A) instinctive drift. 
B) conditioned responses. 
C) the growth of an understanding of the relationship between a behavior and its outcome. 
D) reinforcements that increase the probabilities of certain behaviors. 
A) instinctive drift. 
B) conditioned responses. 
C) the growth of an understanding of the relationship between a behavior and its outcome. 
D) reinforcements that increase the probabilities of certain behaviors.

Question 3

According to the ____________________ of reinforcement,each of us has a normal "equilibrium" state in which we divide our time among various activities.
disequilibrium principle

Accepted Answer

disequilib

Question 4

According to the disequilibrium principle,

Accepted Answer

A) learning is most effective and most rapid if it is supported by a proper balance of classical and operant conditioning. 
B) a person can be reinforced by the opportunity to do something that he or she has not had much opportunity to do recently. 
C) after performing any given action,a person has a tendency to perform the opposite action. 
D) learning is most effective and most rapid if it is supported by a proper balance between positive reinforcement and punishment. 
A) learning is most effective and most rapid if it is supported by a proper balance of classical and operant conditioning. 
B) a person can be reinforced by the opportunity to do something that he or she has not had much opportunity to do recently. 
C) after performing any given action,a person has a tendency to perform the opposite action. 
D) learning is most effective and most rapid if it is supported by a proper balance between positive reinforcement and punishment.

Question 5

Young birds learn the specific song of their species most readily

Accepted Answer

A) if the song is played on a tape recorder to ensure that it is exactly the same each time. 
B) during the sensitive period. 
C) if each presentation is followed by a reinforcer such as a worm. 
D) if a mild shock is delivered each time the bird does not mimic the sound of an adult. 
A) if the song is played on a tape recorder to ensure that it is exactly the same each time. 
B) during the sensitive period. 
C) if each presentation is followed by a reinforcer such as a worm. 
D) if a mild shock is delivered each time the bird does not mimic the sound of an adult.

Question 6

What did Thorndike mean by the Law of Effect?

Accepted Answer

A) Changes in an animal's level of motivation can alter its speed of learning. 
B) Responses that are followed by reinforcement become more probable. 
C) The easiest way to train an animal to do a difficult trick is to start with easier tricks. 
D) The rate of responding depends on the schedule of reinforcement. 
A) Changes in an animal's level of motivation can alter its speed of learning. 
B) Responses that are followed by reinforcement become more probable. 
C) The easiest way to train an animal to do a difficult trick is to start with easier tricks. 
D) The rate of responding depends on the schedule of reinforcement.

Question 7

I have learned to open my umbrella in order to stop the rain from soaking me.What type of contingency led to this learning?

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcement 
B) negative punishment 
C) punishment 
D) negative reinforcement 
A) positive reinforcement 
B) negative punishment 
C) punishment 
D) negative reinforcement

Question 8

The terms "positive" and "negative" in positive and negative reinforcement refer to whether

Accepted Answer

A) the behavior is productive or destructive. 
B) the behavior increases or decreases. 
C) something is presented or removed. 
D) reinforcement is larger than or smaller than expected. 
A) the behavior is productive or destructive. 
B) the behavior increases or decreases. 
C) something is presented or removed. 
D) reinforcement is larger than or smaller than expected.

Question 9

Unlike the structuralists,behaviorists believed that psychology must study __________ in order to be scientific.

Accepted Answer

A) thought processes only 
B) thought processes and observable behavior 
C) observable behavior only 
D) the structure and the processes of thinking 
A) thought processes only 
B) thought processes and observable behavior 
C) observable behavior only 
D) the structure and the processes of thinking

Question 10

Research on punishment suggests that increasing the length of prison sentences should effectively reduce criminal behavior such as selling illegal drugs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Stimulus generalization is the extension of a conditioned response from the training stimulus to similar stimuli.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Primary reinforcers (or unconditioned reinforcers),are reinforcing because of their own properties.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

In operant conditioning,shaping means

Accepted Answer

A) molding the animal into position so it can or must make the response. 
B) providing punishments for all responses other than the desired one. 
C) recording the brain waves that occur during and after a learned response. 
D) reinforcing successive approximations to the desired response. 
A) molding the animal into position so it can or must make the response. 
B) providing punishments for all responses other than the desired one. 
C) recording the brain waves that occur during and after a learned response. 
D) reinforcing successive approximations to the desired response.

Question 14

Suppose your alarm made a slight clicking sound just before the alarm goes off.Even though you didn't wake up to the clicking sound initially,now you do,due to classical conditioning.In this example,waking up is

Accepted Answer

A) the conditioned stimulus. 
B) both the conditioned response and the unconditioned response. 
C) both the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus. 
D) the unconditioned response. 
A) the conditioned stimulus. 
B) both the conditioned response and the unconditioned response. 
C) both the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus. 
D) the unconditioned response.

Question 15

The ____________________,who have dominated the study of animal learning,insist that psychologists should study only observable,measurable behaviors,not mental processes.
behaviorists

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ____________________,who have dominated the study of...

Question 16

In general,behaviorists accept the assumption that

Accepted Answer

A) the only way to change behavior significantly is by changing the individual's genes. 
B) we can understand someone's actions only by first understanding his or her goals,beliefs,and ideas. 
C) human behavior follows different principles from those that control the behavior of laboratory animals. 
D) all behavior is governed by cause-and-effect relationships. 
A) the only way to change behavior significantly is by changing the individual's genes. 
B) we can understand someone's actions only by first understanding his or her goals,beliefs,and ideas. 
C) human behavior follows different principles from those that control the behavior of laboratory animals. 
D) all behavior is governed by cause-and-effect relationships.

Question 17

A professor gives unannounced quizzes at unpredictable times.Therefore students must study equally every night.Which type of schedule of reinforcement is this?

Accepted Answer

A) fixed ratio 
B) variable ratio 
C) fixed interval 
D) variable interval 
A) fixed ratio 
B) variable ratio 
C) fixed interval 
D) variable interval

Question 18

Pavlov paired a sound with food and measured salivation to each.In this experiment the conditioned response was the?

Accepted Answer

A) food. 
B) salivation to the sound. 
C) salivation to food. 
D) sound. 
A) food. 
B) salivation to the sound. 
C) salivation to food. 
D) sound.

Question 19

In an experiment on classical conditioning,a tone is followed by a puff of air to the eyes.After several repetitions,subjects blink their eyes when they hear the tone.In this experiment blinking is

Accepted Answer

A) the unconditioned stimulus. 
B) both the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus. 
C) the unconditioned response. 
D) both the conditioned response and the unconditioned response. 
A) the unconditioned stimulus. 
B) both the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus. 
C) the unconditioned response. 
D) both the conditioned response and the unconditioned response.

Question 20

Rats and other species seem to be predisposed to associate tastes with __________ and to associate lights and sounds with __________.

Accepted Answer

A) illness...skin pain 
B) skin pain...illness 
C) colors...textures 
D) textures...colors 
A) illness...skin pain 
B) skin pain...illness 
C) colors...textures 
D) textures...colors

Under what circumstances do we see spontaneous recovery of a learned response?

Edward Thorndike,a pioneer in the study of cats escaping from puzzle boxes,argued that animal learning depends on

According to the ____________________ of reinforcement,each of us has a normal "equilibrium" state in which we divide our time among various activities. disequilibrium principle

According to the disequilibrium principle,

Young birds learn the specific song of their species most readily

What did Thorndike mean by the Law of Effect?

I have learned to open my umbrella in order to stop the rain from soaking me.What type of contingency led to this learning?

The terms "positive" and "negative" in positive and negative reinforcement refer to whether

Unlike the structuralists,behaviorists believed that psychology must study __________ in order to be scientific.

Research on punishment suggests that increasing the length of prison sentences should effectively reduce criminal behavior such as selling illegal drugs.

Stimulus generalization is the extension of a conditioned response from the training stimulus to similar stimuli.

Primary reinforcers (or unconditioned reinforcers),are reinforcing because of their own properties.

In operant conditioning,shaping means

Suppose your alarm made a slight clicking sound just before the alarm goes off.Even though you didn't wake up to the clicking sound initially,now you do,due to classical conditioning.In this example,waking up is

The ____________________,who have dominated the study of animal learning,insist that psychologists should study only observable,measurable behaviors,not mental processes. behaviorists

In general,behaviorists accept the assumption that

A professor gives unannounced quizzes at unpredictable times.Therefore students must study equally every night.Which type of schedule of reinforcement is this?

Pavlov paired a sound with food and measured salivation to each.In this experiment the conditioned response was the?

In an experiment on classical conditioning,a tone is followed by a puff of air to the eyes.After several repetitions,subjects blink their eyes when they hear the tone.In this experiment blinking is

Rats and other species seem to be predisposed to associate tastes with and to associate lights and sounds with .

What Is Psychology

Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

Nature,nurture,and Human Development

Memory

Cognition and Language

Intelligence

Consciousness

Motivated Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors,stress,and Health

Social Psychology

Personality

Abnormality,therapy,and Social Issues

Specific Disorders and Treatments

S 1-16:final Examination

Filters

Exam 6: Learning

Under what circumstances do we see spontaneous recovery of a learned response?

Edward Thorndike,a pioneer in the study of cats escaping from puzzle boxes,argued that animal learning depends on

According to the ____________________ of reinforcement,each of us has a normal "equilibrium" state in which we divide our time among various activities. disequilibrium principle

According to the disequilibrium principle,

Young birds learn the specific song of their species most readily

What did Thorndike mean by the Law of Effect?

I have learned to open my umbrella in order to stop the rain from soaking me.What type of contingency led to this learning?

The terms "positive" and "negative" in positive and negative reinforcement refer to whether

Unlike the structuralists,behaviorists believed that psychology must study __________ in order to be scientific.

Research on punishment suggests that increasing the length of prison sentences should effectively reduce criminal behavior such as selling illegal drugs.

Stimulus generalization is the extension of a conditioned response from the training stimulus to similar stimuli.

Primary reinforcers (or unconditioned reinforcers),are reinforcing because of their own properties.

In operant conditioning,shaping means

Suppose your alarm made a slight clicking sound just before the alarm goes off.Even though you didn't wake up to the clicking sound initially,now you do,due to classical conditioning.In this example,waking up is

The ____________________,who have dominated the study of animal learning,insist that psychologists should study only observable,measurable behaviors,not mental processes. behaviorists

In general,behaviorists accept the assumption that

A professor gives unannounced quizzes at unpredictable times.Therefore students must study equally every night.Which type of schedule of reinforcement is this?

Pavlov paired a sound with food and measured salivation to each.In this experiment the conditioned response was the?

In an experiment on classical conditioning,a tone is followed by a puff of air to the eyes.After several repetitions,subjects blink their eyes when they hear the tone.In this experiment blinking is

Rats and other species seem to be predisposed to associate tastes with __________ and to associate lights and sounds with __________.

What Is Psychology

Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

Nature,nurture,and Human Development

Memory

Cognition and Language

Intelligence

Consciousness

Motivated Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors,stress,and Health

Social Psychology

Personality

Abnormality,therapy,and Social Issues

Specific Disorders and Treatments

S 1-16:final Examination

Filters

Rats and other species seem to be predisposed to associate tastes with and to associate lights and sounds with .