Question 1

What kind of correlation would one expect to find between levels of family income and household spending on consumer goods?

Accepted Answer

A)  positive 
B)  zero 
C)  negative 
D)  perfect positive 
A)  positive 
B)  zero 
C)  negative 
D)  perfect positive

Question 2

A _____ is a graphical representation of the relation between two variables.

Accepted Answer

A)  correlation coefficient 
B)  scatterplot 
C)  histogram 
D)  polygon 
A)  correlation coefficient 
B)  scatterplot 
C)  histogram 
D)  polygon

Question 3

The denominator (bottom half) of the Pearson correlation coefficient includes the:

Accepted Answer

A)  sum of the product of the deviations for each variable. 
B)  square root of the product of the two sum of squares. 
C)  difference between the sample means. 
D)  square root of the deviations for each variable. 
A)  sum of the product of the deviations for each variable. 
B)  square root of the product of the two sum of squares. 
C)  difference between the sample means. 
D)  square root of the deviations for each variable.

Question 4

The formula for correlation is similar to the formula for z score in that they both:

Accepted Answer

A)  take into account sample size only. 
B)  take into account variability only. 
C)  take into account sample size and variability. 
D)  remove outliers from the calculations. 
A)  take into account sample size only. 
B)  take into account variability only. 
C)  take into account sample size and variability. 
D)  remove outliers from the calculations.

Question 5

Coefficient alpha can easily be computed by hand.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

If a negative relation exists between two variables, then high scores on one variable will be associated with _____ scores on the other variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  low 
B)  high 
C)  both high and low 
D)  neither high nor low 
A)  low 
B)  high 
C)  both high and low 
D)  neither high nor low

Question 7

There is a correlation between global warming and the decline of polar bears.The most likely explanation is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  polar bears don't like warm weather. 
B)  the presence of polar bears on the Earth kept the temperatures lower. 
C)  there is a third variable causing both effects. 
D)  polar bears emit greenhouse gases when they die. 
A)  polar bears don't like warm weather. 
B)  the presence of polar bears on the Earth kept the temperatures lower. 
C)  there is a third variable causing both effects. 
D)  polar bears emit greenhouse gases when they die.

Question 8

A researcher is interested in the number of days spent unemployed and feelings of efficacy related to work.She recruits 82 unemployed professionals randomly from a list provided by her community unemployment office.She computes a correlation of -0.38.What decision would this researcher make for a two-tailed hypothesis test at a p level of 0.05?

Accepted Answer

A)  The test statistic is not significant so she can fail to reject the null hypothesis. 
B)  The test statistic is significant, so she can reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the number of days spent unemployed is positively correlated with work efficacy. 
C)  The test statistic is not significant but would have been had she computed a positive correlation. 
D)  The test statistic is significant, so she can reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the number of days spent unemployed is negatively correlated with work efficacy. 
A)  The test statistic is not significant so she can fail to reject the null hypothesis. 
B)  The test statistic is significant, so she can reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the number of days spent unemployed is positively correlated with work efficacy. 
C)  The test statistic is not significant but would have been had she computed a positive correlation. 
D)  The test statistic is significant, so she can reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the number of days spent unemployed is negatively correlated with work efficacy.

Question 9

A correlation coefficient higher than 0.50 is extremely unusual in behavioral science research.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Bart scored 84 on his statistics midterm, and the class average was 85.What would his deviation and z score be in a distribution of the midterm grades?

Accepted Answer

A)  It would be -1. 
B)  It would be 0. 
C)  It would be negative. 
D)  It would be positive. 
A)  It would be -1. 
B)  It would be 0. 
C)  It would be negative. 
D)  It would be positive.

Question 11

The average of all possible split-half correlations is:

Accepted Answer

A)  coefficient alpha, a measure of validity. 
B)  coefficient alpha, a measure of reliability. 
C)  the test-retest reliability. 
D)  the test-retest validity. 
A)  coefficient alpha, a measure of validity. 
B)  coefficient alpha, a measure of reliability. 
C)  the test-retest reliability. 
D)  the test-retest validity.

Question 12

A partial correlation describes a situation where the complete correlation calculation has not been performed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

When performing a hypothesis test for correlation, one tests the research hypothesis that $\rho  $ $\neq  $ 1.0.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Assume that the relation between SAT scores and first-year grade point average (GPA) is stronger than between SAT and second-year GPA.If two scatterplots were constructed to represent these data, how would they compare?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cluster of points for SAT and second-year GPA would more closely approximate a straight line. 
B)  The cluster of points for SAT and first-year GPA would more closely approximate a straight line. 
C)  The pattern for both sets of data would be from the upper left portion of the graph to the lower right. 
D)  The graph for SAT and first-year GPA would have more outliers. 
A)  The cluster of points for SAT and second-year GPA would more closely approximate a straight line. 
B)  The cluster of points for SAT and first-year GPA would more closely approximate a straight line. 
C)  The pattern for both sets of data would be from the upper left portion of the graph to the lower right. 
D)  The graph for SAT and first-year GPA would have more outliers.

Question 15

Which of these represents a perfect correlation?

Accepted Answer

A)  -1.00 only 
B)  1.00 only 
C)  0 
D)  -1.00 or 1.00 
A)  -1.00 only 
B)  1.00 only 
C)  0 
D)  -1.00 or 1.00

Question 16

When a positive relation exists between two variables, what will be true in the calculation of the Pearson correlation coefficient?

Accepted Answer

A)  The product of most pairs of deviations will be positive. 
B)  Most deviation scores will be positive. 
C)  Most deviation scores will be negative. 
D)  The product of most pairs of deviations will be negative. 
A)  The product of most pairs of deviations will be positive. 
B)  Most deviation scores will be positive. 
C)  Most deviation scores will be negative. 
D)  The product of most pairs of deviations will be negative.

Question 17

The Pearson correlation coefficient is a statistic that measures:

Accepted Answer

A)  the causal association between scale variables. 
B)  an association between scale, ordinal, and nominal variables. 
C)  a linear relation between two scale variables. 
D)  relatedness in terms of variability between variables. 
A)  the causal association between scale variables. 
B)  an association between scale, ordinal, and nominal variables. 
C)  a linear relation between two scale variables. 
D)  relatedness in terms of variability between variables.

Question 18

A correlation is computed using data from 28 people.What is the critical cutoff for a two-tailed hypothesis test with a p level of 0.05?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.317 
B)  0.374 
C)  -0.317 and 0.317 
D)  -0.374 and 0.374 
A)  0.317 
B)  0.374 
C)  -0.317 and 0.317 
D)  -0.374 and 0.374

Question 19

In the formula for the Pearson correlation coefficient, the calculation of variability (SS) can be found in:

Accepted Answer

A)  the denominator. 
B)  the numerator. 
C)  both the denominator and the numerator. 
D)  neither the denominator nor the numerator. 
A)  the denominator. 
B)  the numerator. 
C)  both the denominator and the numerator. 
D)  neither the denominator nor the numerator.

Question 20

What is the null hypothesis when testing for significance using the Pearson correlation coefficient?

Accepted Answer

A)  $\mu  $1 = $\mu  $2 
B)  r = 0 
C)  r *0 
D)  $\rho  $ = 0 
A)  $\mu  $1 = $\mu  $2 
B)  r = 0 
C)  r *0 
D)  $\rho  $ = 0

What kind of correlation would one expect to find between levels of family income and household spending on consumer goods?

A _____ is a graphical representation of the relation between two variables.

The denominator (bottom half) of the Pearson correlation coefficient includes the:

The formula for correlation is similar to the formula for z score in that they both:

Coefficient alpha can easily be computed by hand.

If a negative relation exists between two variables, then high scores on one variable will be associated with _____ scores on the other variable.

There is a correlation between global warming and the decline of polar bears.The most likely explanation is that:

A correlation coefficient higher than 0.50 is extremely unusual in behavioral science research.

Bart scored 84 on his statistics midterm, and the class average was 85.What would his deviation and z score be in a distribution of the midterm grades?

The average of all possible split-half correlations is:

A partial correlation describes a situation where the complete correlation calculation has not been performed.

When performing a hypothesis test for correlation, one tests the research hypothesis that $\rho$ $\neq$ 1.0.

Assume that the relation between SAT scores and first-year grade point average (GPA) is stronger than between SAT and second-year GPA.If two scatterplots were constructed to represent these data, how would they compare?

Which of these represents a perfect correlation?

When a positive relation exists between two variables, what will be true in the calculation of the Pearson correlation coefficient?

The Pearson correlation coefficient is a statistic that measures:

A correlation is computed using data from 28 people.What is the critical cutoff for a two-tailed hypothesis test with a p level of 0.05?

In the formula for the Pearson correlation coefficient, the calculation of variability (SS) can be found in:

What is the null hypothesis when testing for significance using the Pearson correlation coefficient?

An Introduction to Statistics and Research Design

Frequency Distributions

Visual Displays of Data

Central Tendency and Variability

Sampling and Probability

The Normal Curve, Standardization and Z Scores

Hypothesis Testing With Z Tests

Confidence Intervals, Effect Size, and Statistical Power

The Single-Sample T Test

The Paired-Samples T Test

The Independent-Samples T Test

One-Way Between-Groups Anova

One-Way Within-Groups Anova

Two-Way Between-Groups Anova

Regression

Chi-Square Tess

Choosing and Reporting Statistics

Filters

Exam 15: Correlation

What kind of correlation would one expect to find between levels of family income and household spending on consumer goods?

A _____ is a graphical representation of the relation between two variables.

The denominator (bottom half) of the Pearson correlation coefficient includes the:

The formula for correlation is similar to the formula for z score in that they both:

Coefficient alpha can easily be computed by hand.

If a negative relation exists between two variables, then high scores on one variable will be associated with _____ scores on the other variable.

There is a correlation between global warming and the decline of polar bears.The most likely explanation is that:

A correlation coefficient higher than 0.50 is extremely unusual in behavioral science research.

Bart scored 84 on his statistics midterm, and the class average was 85.What would his deviation and z score be in a distribution of the midterm grades?

The average of all possible split-half correlations is:

A partial correlation describes a situation where the complete correlation calculation has not been performed.

When performing a hypothesis test for correlation, one tests the research hypothesis that ρ\rho ρ ≠\neq = 1.0.

Assume that the relation between SAT scores and first-year grade point average (GPA) is stronger than between SAT and second-year GPA.If two scatterplots were constructed to represent these data, how would they compare?

Which of these represents a perfect correlation?

When a positive relation exists between two variables, what will be true in the calculation of the Pearson correlation coefficient?

The Pearson correlation coefficient is a statistic that measures:

A correlation is computed using data from 28 people.What is the critical cutoff for a two-tailed hypothesis test with a p level of 0.05?

In the formula for the Pearson correlation coefficient, the calculation of variability (SS) can be found in:

What is the null hypothesis when testing for significance using the Pearson correlation coefficient?

An Introduction to Statistics and Research Design

Frequency Distributions

Visual Displays of Data

Central Tendency and Variability

Sampling and Probability

The Normal Curve, Standardization and Z Scores

Hypothesis Testing With Z Tests

Confidence Intervals, Effect Size, and Statistical Power

The Single-Sample T Test

The Paired-Samples T Test

The Independent-Samples T Test

One-Way Between-Groups Anova

One-Way Within-Groups Anova

Two-Way Between-Groups Anova

Regression

Chi-Square Tess

Choosing and Reporting Statistics

Filters

When performing a hypothesis test for correlation, one tests the research hypothesis that $\rho$ $\neq$ 1.0.