Question 1

When conducting a hypothesis test for the Pearson correlation coefficient, the research hypothesis states that there is _______ between the two variables.

Accepted Answer

A)  a correlation 
B)  no correlation 
C)  a positive correlation 
D)  a negative correlation 
A)  a correlation 
B)  no correlation 
C)  a positive correlation 
D)  a negative correlation

Question 2

Which of these correlation coefficients allows a perfect prediction of scores on one variable from knowledge of scores on the other variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  -1.00 
B)  0 
C)  0.50 
D)  2.00 
A)  -1.00 
B)  0 
C)  0.50 
D)  2.00

Question 3

A psychometrician uses correlation to examine what important aspects of the development of measures?

Accepted Answer

A)  reliability and validity 
B)  power and effect size 
C)  statistical significance and independence 
D)  homoscedasticity and alpha 
A)  reliability and validity 
B)  power and effect size 
C)  statistical significance and independence 
D)  homoscedasticity and alpha

Question 4

Based on research with her patients, Dr.Sabine knows that the correlation coefficient between scores on an anxiety scale and comfort at a social gathering is -0.35.According to guidelines established by Cohen, how would the strength of this relationship be characterized?

Accepted Answer

A)  small 
B)  medium 
C)  large 
D)  very large 
A)  small 
B)  medium 
C)  large 
D)  very large

Question 5

The range of the correlation coefficient is always:

Accepted Answer

A)  0 to 1.0. 
B)  -1.0 to 1.0. 
C)  -2.0 to 2.0. 
D)  -4.0 to 4.0. 
A)  0 to 1.0. 
B)  -1.0 to 1.0. 
C)  -2.0 to 2.0. 
D)  -4.0 to 4.0.

Question 6

Which of these values of the correlation coefficient indicates the weakest relationship between two variables?

Accepted Answer

A)  -0.87 
B)  -0.30 
C)  0.42 
D)  0.03 
A)  -0.87 
B)  -0.30 
C)  0.42 
D)  0.03

Question 7

Psychometricians are concerned with:

Accepted Answer

A)  developing high-quality tests and measures. 
B)  fixing psychological issues in people. 
C)  studying illness and the onset of psychological illness. 
D)  statistics and computers. 
A)  developing high-quality tests and measures. 
B)  fixing psychological issues in people. 
C)  studying illness and the onset of psychological illness. 
D)  statistics and computers.

Question 8

When performing a hypothesis test for correlation, one tests the research hypothesis that $\rho  $ $\neq  $ -1.0.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

As the number of hours a student studies increases, the number of errors made on the exam decreases.This is an example of what type of correlation?

Accepted Answer

A)  positive 
B)  negative 
C)  zero 
D)  perfect 
A)  positive 
B)  negative 
C)  zero 
D)  perfect

Question 10

A negative correlation between a hockey player's age and the number of minutes he spends in the penalty box indicates that:

Accepted Answer

A)  spending more time on the ice leads hockey players to become skilled at avoiding the referees. 
B)  older players make fewer penalties because they have reduced testosterone levels. 
C)  the older a player is, the less time he spends in the penalty box. 
D)  an older player's greater experience has taught him how to avoid making penalties. 
A)  spending more time on the ice leads hockey players to become skilled at avoiding the referees. 
B)  older players make fewer penalties because they have reduced testosterone levels. 
C)  the older a player is, the less time he spends in the penalty box. 
D)  an older player's greater experience has taught him how to avoid making penalties.

Question 11

What is the best way to test a measure's reliability over time?

Accepted Answer

A)  test-retest 
B)  random sampling 
C)  criterion-related 
D)  split-half 
A)  test-retest 
B)  random sampling 
C)  criterion-related 
D)  split-half

Question 12

What is the primary limitation of the correlation coefficient?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is not appropriate if the variables are related in a linear fashion. 
B)  It cannot be used to establish causal relations between two variables. 
C)  It can be used to establish the direction of a relation between two variables but not the strength. 
D)  It can only be used if the data are measured on a nominal or ordinal scale. 
A)  It is not appropriate if the variables are related in a linear fashion. 
B)  It cannot be used to establish causal relations between two variables. 
C)  It can be used to establish the direction of a relation between two variables but not the strength. 
D)  It can only be used if the data are measured on a nominal or ordinal scale.

Question 13

Correlation coefficients at or near -1.00 or 1.00 are relatively common.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

When graphing a correlation coefficient, how many data points come from each participant?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 data point 
B)  2 data points 
C)  1 for each dependent variable 
D)  2 for each dependent variable 
A)  1 data point 
B)  2 data points 
C)  1 for each dependent variable 
D)  2 for each dependent variable

Question 15

As the age of a male professor increases, his income increases.This is an example of what type of correlation?

Accepted Answer

A)  positive 
B)  negative 
C)  zero 
D)  perfect 
A)  positive 
B)  negative 
C)  zero 
D)  perfect

Question 16

When performing a hypothesis test for correlation, one tests the null hypothesis that $\rho  $ = -1.0.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

A correlation is computed using data from 19 people.What is the critical cutoff for a two-tailed hypothesis test with a p level of 0.05?

Accepted Answer

A)  -0.389 or 0.389 
B)  -0.456 and 0.456 
C)  -0.528 and 0.528 
D)  -0.575 or 0.575 
A)  -0.389 or 0.389 
B)  -0.456 and 0.456 
C)  -0.528 and 0.528 
D)  -0.575 or 0.575

Question 18

Before calculating the correlation coefficient, it is advisable to create a _____ as a way of displaying the association between the two variables.

Accepted Answer

A)  scatterplot 
B)  line graph 
C)  histogram 
D)  polygon 
A)  scatterplot 
B)  line graph 
C)  histogram 
D)  polygon

Question 19

The numerator (top half) of the Pearson correlation coefficient formula includes the:

Accepted Answer

A)  sum of the product of the deviations for each variable. 
B)  square root of the product of the two sums of squares. 
C)  difference between the two sample means. 
D)  correction for variability and sample size. 
A)  sum of the product of the deviations for each variable. 
B)  square root of the product of the two sums of squares. 
C)  difference between the two sample means. 
D)  correction for variability and sample size.

Question 20

Why do correlation coefficients greater than 0.50 rarely occur in the social sciences?

Accepted Answer

A)  Human behavior is the product of many interacting variables; any single variable will be limited in its association with a behavior. 
B)  Social scientists fail to construct experiments carefully enough to detect larger correlations. 
C)  The highest value a correlation coefficient can take on is 0.60. 
D)  Social scientists have not yet discovered the variables that are the best predictors of human behavior. 
A)  Human behavior is the product of many interacting variables; any single variable will be limited in its association with a behavior. 
B)  Social scientists fail to construct experiments carefully enough to detect larger correlations. 
C)  The highest value a correlation coefficient can take on is 0.60. 
D)  Social scientists have not yet discovered the variables that are the best predictors of human behavior.

When conducting a hypothesis test for the Pearson correlation coefficient, the research hypothesis states that there is _______ between the two variables.

Which of these correlation coefficients allows a perfect prediction of scores on one variable from knowledge of scores on the other variable?

A psychometrician uses correlation to examine what important aspects of the development of measures?

Based on research with her patients, Dr.Sabine knows that the correlation coefficient between scores on an anxiety scale and comfort at a social gathering is -0.35.According to guidelines established by Cohen, how would the strength of this relationship be characterized?

The range of the correlation coefficient is always:

Which of these values of the correlation coefficient indicates the weakest relationship between two variables?

Psychometricians are concerned with:

When performing a hypothesis test for correlation, one tests the research hypothesis that $\rho$ $\neq$ -1.0.

As the number of hours a student studies increases, the number of errors made on the exam decreases.This is an example of what type of correlation?

A negative correlation between a hockey player's age and the number of minutes he spends in the penalty box indicates that:

What is the best way to test a measure's reliability over time?

What is the primary limitation of the correlation coefficient?

Correlation coefficients at or near -1.00 or 1.00 are relatively common.

When graphing a correlation coefficient, how many data points come from each participant?

As the age of a male professor increases, his income increases.This is an example of what type of correlation?

When performing a hypothesis test for correlation, one tests the null hypothesis that $\rho$ = -1.0.

A correlation is computed using data from 19 people.What is the critical cutoff for a two-tailed hypothesis test with a p level of 0.05?

Before calculating the correlation coefficient, it is advisable to create a _____ as a way of displaying the association between the two variables.

The numerator (top half) of the Pearson correlation coefficient formula includes the:

Why do correlation coefficients greater than 0.50 rarely occur in the social sciences?

An Introduction to Statistics and Research Design

Frequency Distributions

Visual Displays of Data

Central Tendency and Variability

Sampling and Probability

The Normal Curve, Standardization and Z Scores

Hypothesis Testing With Z Tests

Confidence Intervals, Effect Size, and Statistical Power

The Single-Sample T Test

The Paired-Samples T Test

The Independent-Samples T Test

One-Way Between-Groups Anova

One-Way Within-Groups Anova

Two-Way Between-Groups Anova

Regression

Chi-Square Tess

Choosing and Reporting Statistics

Filters

Exam 15: Correlation

When conducting a hypothesis test for the Pearson correlation coefficient, the research hypothesis states that there is _______ between the two variables.

Which of these correlation coefficients allows a perfect prediction of scores on one variable from knowledge of scores on the other variable?

A psychometrician uses correlation to examine what important aspects of the development of measures?

Based on research with her patients, Dr.Sabine knows that the correlation coefficient between scores on an anxiety scale and comfort at a social gathering is -0.35.According to guidelines established by Cohen, how would the strength of this relationship be characterized?

The range of the correlation coefficient is always:

Which of these values of the correlation coefficient indicates the weakest relationship between two variables?

Psychometricians are concerned with:

When performing a hypothesis test for correlation, one tests the research hypothesis that ρ\rho ρ ≠\neq = -1.0.

As the number of hours a student studies increases, the number of errors made on the exam decreases.This is an example of what type of correlation?

A negative correlation between a hockey player's age and the number of minutes he spends in the penalty box indicates that:

What is the best way to test a measure's reliability over time?

What is the primary limitation of the correlation coefficient?

Correlation coefficients at or near -1.00 or 1.00 are relatively common.

When graphing a correlation coefficient, how many data points come from each participant?

As the age of a male professor increases, his income increases.This is an example of what type of correlation?

When performing a hypothesis test for correlation, one tests the null hypothesis that ρ\rho ρ = -1.0.

A correlation is computed using data from 19 people.What is the critical cutoff for a two-tailed hypothesis test with a p level of 0.05?

Before calculating the correlation coefficient, it is advisable to create a _____ as a way of displaying the association between the two variables.

The numerator (top half) of the Pearson correlation coefficient formula includes the:

Why do correlation coefficients greater than 0.50 rarely occur in the social sciences?

An Introduction to Statistics and Research Design

Frequency Distributions

Visual Displays of Data

Central Tendency and Variability

Sampling and Probability

The Normal Curve, Standardization and Z Scores

Hypothesis Testing With Z Tests

Confidence Intervals, Effect Size, and Statistical Power

The Single-Sample T Test

The Paired-Samples T Test

The Independent-Samples T Test

One-Way Between-Groups Anova

One-Way Within-Groups Anova

Two-Way Between-Groups Anova

Regression

Chi-Square Tess

Choosing and Reporting Statistics

Filters

When performing a hypothesis test for correlation, one tests the research hypothesis that $\rho$ $\neq$ -1.0.

When performing a hypothesis test for correlation, one tests the null hypothesis that $\rho$ = -1.0.