Question 1

One important difference between classical behaviorism and cognitive psychology is that cognitive psychology

Accepted Answer

A)  argues that unobservable mental states can be scientifically studied. 
B)  rejects the use of human participants. 
C)  insists on studying topics that can be directly and objectively observed. 
D)  emphasizes the evolutionary roots of human behavior. 
A)  argues that unobservable mental states can be scientifically studied. 
B)  rejects the use of human participants. 
C)  insists on studying topics that can be directly and objectively observed. 
D)  emphasizes the evolutionary roots of human behavior.

Question 2

Working memory provides one example of how

Accepted Answer

A)  important memory is to cognition. 
B)  cognitive processes are essential to most daily tasks. 
C)  children develop memory. 
D)  we could not function without a multicomponent system. 
A)  important memory is to cognition. 
B)  cognitive processes are essential to most daily tasks. 
C)  children develop memory. 
D)  we could not function without a multicomponent system.

Question 3

Imagine a friend is giving you her new phone number. You have nothing with which to write the number down, so you try to remember it. Which cognitive process will you engage in to accomplish this task?

Accepted Answer

A)  amnesia 
B)  long-term memory 
C)  introspection 
D)  working memory 
A)  amnesia 
B)  long-term memory 
C)  introspection 
D)  working memory

Question 4

Modern psychology turned away from behaviorism in its classic form because

Accepted Answer

A)  human behavior is routinely determined by our understanding of stimuli. 
B)  humans are more similar to computers than to other species studied in the laboratory. 
C)  psychology rejected behaviorism's emphasis on an organism's subjective states. 
D)  an organism's behavior can be changed by learning. 
A)  human behavior is routinely determined by our understanding of stimuli. 
B)  humans are more similar to computers than to other species studied in the laboratory. 
C)  psychology rejected behaviorism's emphasis on an organism's subjective states. 
D)  an organism's behavior can be changed by learning.

Question 5

Which of the following topics is NOT commonly studied within cognitive psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  dreaming 
B)  decision making 
C)  memory 
D)  attention 
A)  dreaming 
B)  decision making 
C)  memory 
D)  attention

Question 6

Recent developments in brain-imaging technology can help us in cognitive psychology. For example, we can now tell exactly which parts of the brain are especially engaged in working-memory rehearsal. These techniques are the central sources of data for

Accepted Answer

A)  modeling. 
B)  neuropsychology. 
C)  developmental imaging. 
D)  cognitive neuroscience. 
A)  modeling. 
B)  neuropsychology. 
C)  developmental imaging. 
D)  cognitive neuroscience.

Question 7

The phrase "fool me once, shame on you; fool me twice, shame on me" would not apply to H.M. Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  H.M. was never fooled. 
B)  H.M. was incapable of learning. 
C)  H.M. was able to learn certain things, like if someone was lying to him. 
D)  H.M. values practical jokes. 
A)  H.M. was never fooled. 
B)  H.M. was incapable of learning. 
C)  H.M. was able to learn certain things, like if someone was lying to him. 
D)  H.M. values practical jokes.

Question 8

Working memory acts to

Accepted Answer

A)  store an unlimited amount of information. 
B)  store a limited amount of information for an unlimited amount of time. 
C)  keep relevant information active for a short period of time. 
D)  store irrelevant information so it does not influence long-term memory. 
A)  store an unlimited amount of information. 
B)  store a limited amount of information for an unlimited amount of time. 
C)  keep relevant information active for a short period of time. 
D)  store irrelevant information so it does not influence long-term memory.

Question 9

Subvocalization is also known as

Accepted Answer

A)  the reading buffer. 
B)  the inner voice. 
C)  the inner ear. 
D)  memory speech. 
A)  the reading buffer. 
B)  the inner voice. 
C)  the inner ear. 
D)  memory speech.

Question 10

Compare and contrast the introspection, behaviorist, and cognitive approaches to studying mental activities. Which approach do you find most compelling, and why?

Accepted Answer

The introspection, behaviorist, and cogn

Question 11

Historically, the movement known as behaviorism was encouraged by scholars' concerns regarding

Accepted Answer

A)  psychotherapy. 
B)  an exaggerated focus on participants' responses. 
C)  research based on introspection. 
D)  a focus on brain mechanisms and a corresponding inattention to mental states. 
A)  psychotherapy. 
B)  an exaggerated focus on participants' responses. 
C)  research based on introspection. 
D)  a focus on brain mechanisms and a corresponding inattention to mental states.

Question 12

The "cognitive revolution" is named as such because:

Accepted Answer

A)  the focus changed from behaviors to the processes underlying those behaviors. 
B)  the change was accompanied by violence. 
C)  the focus changed from animals to humans. 
D)  philosophers such as Kant were strongly opposed to the change. 
A)  the focus changed from behaviors to the processes underlying those behaviors. 
B)  the change was accompanied by violence. 
C)  the focus changed from animals to humans. 
D)  philosophers such as Kant were strongly opposed to the change.

Question 13

An elderly woman has suffered a stroke in her left temporal lobe and consequently can no longer name common nouns. This provides evidence that language is located in the left hemisphere for most people. What kind of evidence is this?

Accepted Answer

A)  introspection 
B)  unique population 
C)  neuroscience 
D)  behavioral 
A)  introspection 
B)  unique population 
C)  neuroscience 
D)  behavioral

Question 14

The multicomponent model of working memory shows that

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive theories must be accompanied by a model. 
B)  we can only test things we can physically see. 
C)  theories are built around testable predictions. 
D)  evidence from multiple sources often leads to confusion. 
A)  cognitive theories must be accompanied by a model. 
B)  we can only test things we can physically see. 
C)  theories are built around testable predictions. 
D)  evidence from multiple sources often leads to confusion.

Question 15

H.M. provides an illustration for which major theme of the chapter?

Accepted Answer

A)  Introspection is not sufficient evidence in and of itself. 
B)  Cognition is interested in mental processes, as well as activities that depend on these processes. 
C)  Memory is not very important. 
D)  Damage to a small part of the brain can have a negligible effect on behavior. 
A)  Introspection is not sufficient evidence in and of itself. 
B)  Cognition is interested in mental processes, as well as activities that depend on these processes. 
C)  Memory is not very important. 
D)  Damage to a small part of the brain can have a negligible effect on behavior.

Question 16

Even though the articulatory loop cannot be seen directly, we are confident it exists because

Accepted Answer

A)  it is the only possible explanation. 
B)  without it, we could not remember phone numbers. 
C)  people with anarthria show deficits in the phonological buffer. 
D)  behavioral manipulations, like articulatory suppression, suggest it is a distinct component. 
A)  it is the only possible explanation. 
B)  without it, we could not remember phone numbers. 
C)  people with anarthria show deficits in the phonological buffer. 
D)  behavioral manipulations, like articulatory suppression, suggest it is a distinct component.

Question 17

The phrase "Betsy wants to bring Jacob a present. She shook her piggy bank" is easily understood by most people because

Accepted Answer

A)  our previous knowledge fills in the necessary details. 
B)  introspection allows us to understand how Betsy feels. 
C)  English is a simple language to understand. 
D)  the sentences are short. 
A)  our previous knowledge fills in the necessary details. 
B)  introspection allows us to understand how Betsy feels. 
C)  English is a simple language to understand. 
D)  the sentences are short.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is NOT a concern about the use of introspection as a research tool?

Accepted Answer

A)  A verbal report based on introspection may provide a distorted picture of mental processes that were nonverbal in nature. 
B)  Different participants use different terms to describe similar experiences. 
C)  At present, there is enormous uncertainty about the relationship between the activity in the brain and the ideas and thoughts available to introspection. 
D)  Participants' motivation may influence what they choose to disclose. 
A)  A verbal report based on introspection may provide a distorted picture of mental processes that were nonverbal in nature. 
B)  Different participants use different terms to describe similar experiences. 
C)  At present, there is enormous uncertainty about the relationship between the activity in the brain and the ideas and thoughts available to introspection. 
D)  Participants' motivation may influence what they choose to disclose.

Question 19

Someone who is born deaf is likely to encounter working memory errors if the sign for a given word

Accepted Answer

A)  is too complicated. 
B)  is similar to another sign for another word. 
C)  has more than ten letters. 
D)  has been seen recently. 
A)  is too complicated. 
B)  is similar to another sign for another word. 
C)  has more than ten letters. 
D)  has been seen recently.

Question 20

The philosopher Immanuel Kant based many of his arguments on transcendental inferences. A commonplace example of such an inference is a

Accepted Answer

A)  physicist inferring what the attributes of the electron must be on the basis of visible effects that it causes. 
B)  computer scientist inferring what the attributes of a program must be on the basis of his or her long-range goals for the program's functioning. 
C)  biologist inferring how an organism is likely to behave in the future on the basis of assessment of past behaviors. 
D)  behaviorist inferring how a behavior was learned on the basis of a deduction from well-established principles of learning. 
A)  physicist inferring what the attributes of the electron must be on the basis of visible effects that it causes. 
B)  computer scientist inferring what the attributes of a program must be on the basis of his or her long-range goals for the program's functioning. 
C)  biologist inferring how an organism is likely to behave in the future on the basis of assessment of past behaviors. 
D)  behaviorist inferring how a behavior was learned on the basis of a deduction from well-established principles of learning.

One important difference between classical behaviorism and cognitive psychology is that cognitive psychology

Working memory provides one example of how

Imagine a friend is giving you her new phone number. You have nothing with which to write the number down, so you try to remember it. Which cognitive process will you engage in to accomplish this task?

Modern psychology turned away from behaviorism in its classic form because

Which of the following topics is NOT commonly studied within cognitive psychology?

Recent developments in brain-imaging technology can help us in cognitive psychology. For example, we can now tell exactly which parts of the brain are especially engaged in working-memory rehearsal. These techniques are the central sources of data for

The phrase "fool me once, shame on you; fool me twice, shame on me" would not apply to H.M. Why?

Working memory acts to

Subvocalization is also known as

Compare and contrast the introspection, behaviorist, and cognitive approaches to studying mental activities. Which approach do you find most compelling, and why?

Historically, the movement known as behaviorism was encouraged by scholars' concerns regarding

The "cognitive revolution" is named as such because:

An elderly woman has suffered a stroke in her left temporal lobe and consequently can no longer name common nouns. This provides evidence that language is located in the left hemisphere for most people. What kind of evidence is this?

The multicomponent model of working memory shows that

H.M. provides an illustration for which major theme of the chapter?

Even though the articulatory loop cannot be seen directly, we are confident it exists because

The phrase "Betsy wants to bring Jacob a present. She shook her piggy bank" is easily understood by most people because

Which of the following statements is NOT a concern about the use of introspection as a research tool?

Someone who is born deaf is likely to encounter working memory errors if the sign for a given word

The philosopher Immanuel Kant based many of his arguments on transcendental inferences. A commonplace example of such an inference is a

The Neural Basis for Cognition

Visual Perception

Recognizing Objects

Paying Attention

The Acquisition of Memories and the Working-Memory System

Interconnections Between Acquisition and Retrieval

Remembering Complex Events

Concepts and Generic Knowledge

Language

Visual Knowledge

Judgment and Reasoning

Problem Solving and Intelligence

Conscious Thought, Unconscious Thought

Filters

Exam 1: The Science of the Mind

One important difference between classical behaviorism and cognitive psychology is that cognitive psychology

Working memory provides one example of how

Imagine a friend is giving you her new phone number. You have nothing with which to write the number down, so you try to remember it. Which cognitive process will you engage in to accomplish this task?

Modern psychology turned away from behaviorism in its classic form because

Which of the following topics is NOT commonly studied within cognitive psychology?

Recent developments in brain-imaging technology can help us in cognitive psychology. For example, we can now tell exactly which parts of the brain are especially engaged in working-memory rehearsal. These techniques are the central sources of data for

The phrase "fool me once, shame on you; fool me twice, shame on me" would not apply to H.M. Why?

Working memory acts to

Subvocalization is also known as

Compare and contrast the introspection, behaviorist, and cognitive approaches to studying mental activities. Which approach do you find most compelling, and why?

Historically, the movement known as behaviorism was encouraged by scholars' concerns regarding

The "cognitive revolution" is named as such because:

An elderly woman has suffered a stroke in her left temporal lobe and consequently can no longer name common nouns. This provides evidence that language is located in the left hemisphere for most people. What kind of evidence is this?

The multicomponent model of working memory shows that

H.M. provides an illustration for which major theme of the chapter?

Even though the articulatory loop cannot be seen directly, we are confident it exists because

The phrase "Betsy wants to bring Jacob a present. She shook her piggy bank" is easily understood by most people because

Which of the following statements is NOT a concern about the use of introspection as a research tool?

Someone who is born deaf is likely to encounter working memory errors if the sign for a given word

The philosopher Immanuel Kant based many of his arguments on transcendental inferences. A commonplace example of such an inference is a

The Neural Basis for Cognition

Visual Perception

Recognizing Objects

Paying Attention

The Acquisition of Memories and the Working-Memory System

Interconnections Between Acquisition and Retrieval

Remembering Complex Events

Concepts and Generic Knowledge

Language

Visual Knowledge

Judgment and Reasoning

Problem Solving and Intelligence

Conscious Thought, Unconscious Thought

Filters