Question 1

Which of the following statements seems to be the best illustration of encoding specificity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Susan is terrible at learning general arguments, although she is excellent at learning more specific claims. 
B)  Susan has learned the principles covered in her psychology class, but she has difficulty remembering the principles in the context of her day-to-day life. 
C)  Susan easily learns material that is meaningful but cannot learn material that is abstract. 
D)  Susan quickly masters new material if she knows some related information, but she has trouble learning new material if the domain is new to her. 
A)  Susan is terrible at learning general arguments, although she is excellent at learning more specific claims. 
B)  Susan has learned the principles covered in her psychology class, but she has difficulty remembering the principles in the context of her day-to-day life. 
C)  Susan easily learns material that is meaningful but cannot learn material that is abstract. 
D)  Susan quickly masters new material if she knows some related information, but she has trouble learning new material if the domain is new to her.

Question 2

In many circumstances, participants correctly recognize that a stimulus is familiar but they are mistaken in their beliefs about where and when they encountered the stimulus. This error is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  source confusion. 
B)  origin error. 
C)  amnesia. 
D)  false identification. 
A)  source confusion. 
B)  origin error. 
C)  amnesia. 
D)  false identification.

Question 3

Because of the effects of context-dependent learning, students might find it wise to

Accepted Answer

A)  use mnemonic devices as a study aid. 
B)  study only when they are entirely sober. 
C)  focus on their instructor's intended meaning rather than the exact words. 
D)  prepare for their examinations under conditions similar to the test conditions. 
A)  use mnemonic devices as a study aid. 
B)  study only when they are entirely sober. 
C)  focus on their instructor's intended meaning rather than the exact words. 
D)  prepare for their examinations under conditions similar to the test conditions.

Question 4

Familiarity (as opposed to source memory)

Accepted Answer

A)  is essential for adequate performance on a recall test. 
B)  is established by "relational" or "elaborative" rehearsal. 
C)  is promoted by deep processing. 
D)  provides one of the important sources for recognition. 
A)  is essential for adequate performance on a recall test. 
B)  is established by "relational" or "elaborative" rehearsal. 
C)  is promoted by deep processing. 
D)  provides one of the important sources for recognition.

Question 5

In an experiment, participants learned materials in Room A and were tested in Room B. If they were asked to think about Room A just before taking the test, participants

Accepted Answer

A)  performed as well as they would have done had there been no room change. 
B)  performed worse on the test due to dual-task memory disruption. 
C)  performed the same as those participants who were not asked to think about Room A. 
D)  performed better than participants who were tested in Room B and were not asked to think about Room A, but worse than participants tested in Room A. 
A)  performed as well as they would have done had there been no room change. 
B)  performed worse on the test due to dual-task memory disruption. 
C)  performed the same as those participants who were not asked to think about Room A. 
D)  performed better than participants who were tested in Room B and were not asked to think about Room A, but worse than participants tested in Room A.

Question 6

Jerry, a lawyer, has read about a case (Jones v. Arizona) that he thinks will help one of his clients. Jerry wants to make sure that he remembers to discuss the case with his client and that he brings up the case in his opening statement in court. His best approach is likely to be to

Accepted Answer

A)  repeat to himself, over and over again, "Don't forget Jones v. Arizona." 
B)  use a mnemonic device, like the peg-word system, and hope that his client and the judge do not think him odd for saying "One is a bun . . ." in court. 
C)  build multiple retrieval paths between the new case and the situations in which he wishes to use it. 
D)  put the case book containing Jones v. Arizona on his desk with all of the other books and hope he finds it when his client arrives and when he writes his opening statement. 
A)  repeat to himself, over and over again, "Don't forget Jones v. Arizona." 
B)  use a mnemonic device, like the peg-word system, and hope that his client and the judge do not think him odd for saying "One is a bun . . ." in court. 
C)  build multiple retrieval paths between the new case and the situations in which he wishes to use it. 
D)  put the case book containing Jones v. Arizona on his desk with all of the other books and hope he finds it when his client arrives and when he writes his opening statement.

Question 7

Your friend asks you what you ate for breakfast yesterday morning. Describe how you might search and retrieve that information by considering a spreading activation network of long-term memories.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your friend asks you what you ate...

Question 8

Which of the following tasks is LEAST appropriate as a means of testing implicit memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  lexical decision 
B)  word-stem completion 
C)  direct memory testing 
D)  repetition priming in tachistoscopic recognition 
A)  lexical decision 
B)  word-stem completion 
C)  direct memory testing 
D)  repetition priming in tachistoscopic recognition

Question 9

Steve is shown a list of words, which includes "baby." He is then asked to list all the words he can remember from the list, but he does not include "baby." Steve is later asked to identify words and nonwords, and "baby" is presented along with other items. Which of the following patterns is most likely to reflect Steve's performance on this identification task?

Accepted Answer

A)  Steve will say "baby" is a nonword. 
B)  Steve will respond more quickly to "baby" than he would to other words. 
C)  Steve will respond more slowly to "baby" relative to nonwords. 
D)  Steve's response time will be about the same to "baby" as to all other items on the test. 
A)  Steve will say "baby" is a nonword. 
B)  Steve will respond more quickly to "baby" than he would to other words. 
C)  Steve will respond more slowly to "baby" relative to nonwords. 
D)  Steve's response time will be about the same to "baby" as to all other items on the test.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about processing fluency is NOT accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Processing fluency is associated with improved source memory. 
B)  Exposure to an item can cause it to be processed more fluently in the future. 
C)  Fluency can lead people to correctly identify an object as familiar. 
D)  Fluency can lead people to incorrectly identify an object as familiar. 
A)  Processing fluency is associated with improved source memory. 
B)  Exposure to an item can cause it to be processed more fluently in the future. 
C)  Fluency can lead people to correctly identify an object as familiar. 
D)  Fluency can lead people to incorrectly identify an object as familiar.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is true about the role the hippocampus plays in memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hippocampus damage is associated with retrograde amnesia. 
B)  The hippocampus is important only for old memories from months and years back. 
C)  The hippocampus plays an important role in memory consolidation. 
D)  Korsakoff patients have little to no damage in hippocampal areas. 
A)  Hippocampus damage is associated with retrograde amnesia. 
B)  The hippocampus is important only for old memories from months and years back. 
C)  The hippocampus plays an important role in memory consolidation. 
D)  Korsakoff patients have little to no damage in hippocampal areas.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is FALSE for explicit memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Explicit memory is typically revealed as a priming effect. 
B)  Explicit memory is usually assessed by direct, rather than indirect, testing. 
C)  Explicit memory is usually revealed by specifically urging someone to remember the past. 
D)  Explicit memory is often tested by recall testing or by a standard recognition test. 
A)  Explicit memory is typically revealed as a priming effect. 
B)  Explicit memory is usually assessed by direct, rather than indirect, testing. 
C)  Explicit memory is usually revealed by specifically urging someone to remember the past. 
D)  Explicit memory is often tested by recall testing or by a standard recognition test.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is NOT likely to be an influence of implicit memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Participants know they have encountered the stimulus recently but cannot recall the details of the encounter. 
B)  Participants have a preference for a familiar stimulus in comparison to other, new stimuli. 
C)  Participants think a false, made-up phrase that they have heard recently is true. 
D)  Participants remember the circumstances in which they first encountered a stimulus. 
A)  Participants know they have encountered the stimulus recently but cannot recall the details of the encounter. 
B)  Participants have a preference for a familiar stimulus in comparison to other, new stimuli. 
C)  Participants think a false, made-up phrase that they have heard recently is true. 
D)  Participants remember the circumstances in which they first encountered a stimulus.

Question 14

H.M. had part of his hippocampus removed, which left him with

Accepted Answer

A)  anterograde amnesia. 
B)  retrograde amnesia. 
C)  both retro and anterograde amnesia. 
D)  language disabilities. 
A)  anterograde amnesia. 
B)  retrograde amnesia. 
C)  both retro and anterograde amnesia. 
D)  language disabilities.

Question 15

A friend of yours has recently grown a beard. When you encounter him, you realize at once that something about his face has changed but you are not certain what has changed. We can conclude from this that

Accepted Answer

A)  you detected the decrease in fluency in your recognition of your friend's face. 
B)  your memory of your friend's face is influenced by context-dependent learning. 
C)  you are displaying an instance of source amnesia. 
D)  you are being influenced by the fact that there are fewer men with beards than men without beards. 
A)  you detected the decrease in fluency in your recognition of your friend's face. 
B)  your memory of your friend's face is influenced by context-dependent learning. 
C)  you are displaying an instance of source amnesia. 
D)  you are being influenced by the fact that there are fewer men with beards than men without beards.

Question 16

A participant is asked to memorize a series of word pairs, including the pair "heavy-light." The participant is asked later if any of the following words had been included in the list memorized earlier: "lamp," "candle," "spark," and "light." The participant denies having seen any of these words recently. This is probably because

Accepted Answer

A)  the learning context does not provide adequate support for perceptual encoding. 
B)  the learning context does relatively little to encourage deep processing. 
C)  what was memorized was the idea of "light" as a description of weight, not "light" as illumination. 
D)  the learning context led the participant to think in terms of opposites, while the test context led the participant to think in terms of semantic associates. 
A)  the learning context does not provide adequate support for perceptual encoding. 
B)  the learning context does relatively little to encourage deep processing. 
C)  what was memorized was the idea of "light" as a description of weight, not "light" as illumination. 
D)  the learning context led the participant to think in terms of opposites, while the test context led the participant to think in terms of semantic associates.

Question 17

Describe the "remember/know" paradigm by answering the following questions:
a. What is the primary task in this paradigm?
b. On what mnemonic process does "remembering" depend? What about "knowing"?
c. What does this paradigm tell us about the nature of memory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the "remember/know" paradigm by answering the...

Question 18

Explain the steps that lead to a judgment of familiarity. How might you manipulate those steps to create an illusion of familiarity?

Accepted Answer

The steps that lead to a judgment of fam

Question 19

Amnesia can provide insight into the role of memory in our everyday lives. For example, if H.M. was having a conversation with a friend and noticed the friend looking off in the distance and smiling, he was most likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  attribute the smile to the funny joke he made a few minutes ago. 
B)  not know why his friend was smiling. 
C)  smile back because H.M. had learned to smile when others smiled. 
D)  forget the conversation immediately, because his attention had been turned to his friend's smile. 
A)  attribute the smile to the funny joke he made a few minutes ago. 
B)  not know why his friend was smiling. 
C)  smile back because H.M. had learned to smile when others smiled. 
D)  forget the conversation immediately, because his attention had been turned to his friend's smile.

Question 20

Because of the influence of implicit memory, participants judge

Accepted Answer

A)  unfamiliar sentences to be more believable. 
B)  familiar sentences to be more believable. 
C)  familiar sentences to be more believable, but only if they heard the sentence from a trustworthy source. 
D)  unfamiliar sentences to be more believable, but only if they have forgotten the source of the familiar sentences. 
A)  unfamiliar sentences to be more believable. 
B)  familiar sentences to be more believable. 
C)  familiar sentences to be more believable, but only if they heard the sentence from a trustworthy source. 
D)  unfamiliar sentences to be more believable, but only if they have forgotten the source of the familiar sentences.

Which of the following statements seems to be the best illustration of encoding specificity?

In many circumstances, participants correctly recognize that a stimulus is familiar but they are mistaken in their beliefs about where and when they encountered the stimulus. This error is referred to as

Because of the effects of context-dependent learning, students might find it wise to

Familiarity (as opposed to source memory)

In an experiment, participants learned materials in Room A and were tested in Room B. If they were asked to think about Room A just before taking the test, participants

Jerry, a lawyer, has read about a case (Jones v. Arizona) that he thinks will help one of his clients. Jerry wants to make sure that he remembers to discuss the case with his client and that he brings up the case in his opening statement in court. His best approach is likely to be to

Your friend asks you what you ate for breakfast yesterday morning. Describe how you might search and retrieve that information by considering a spreading activation network of long-term memories.

Which of the following tasks is LEAST appropriate as a means of testing implicit memory?

Which of the following statements about processing fluency is NOT accurate?

Which of the following statements is true about the role the hippocampus plays in memory?

Which of the following statements is FALSE for explicit memory?

Which of the following statements is NOT likely to be an influence of implicit memory?

H.M. had part of his hippocampus removed, which left him with

A friend of yours has recently grown a beard. When you encounter him, you realize at once that something about his face has changed but you are not certain what has changed. We can conclude from this that

Describe the "remember/know" paradigm by answering the following questions: a. What is the primary task in this paradigm? b. On what mnemonic process does "remembering" depend? What about "knowing"? c. What does this paradigm tell us about the nature of memory?

Explain the steps that lead to a judgment of familiarity. How might you manipulate those steps to create an illusion of familiarity?

Amnesia can provide insight into the role of memory in our everyday lives. For example, if H.M. was having a conversation with a friend and noticed the friend looking off in the distance and smiling, he was most likely to

Because of the influence of implicit memory, participants judge

The Science of the Mind

The Neural Basis for Cognition

Visual Perception

Recognizing Objects

Paying Attention

The Acquisition of Memories and the Working-Memory System

Remembering Complex Events

Concepts and Generic Knowledge

Language

Visual Knowledge

Judgment and Reasoning

Problem Solving and Intelligence

Conscious Thought, Unconscious Thought

Filters

Exam 7: Interconnections Between Acquisition and Retrieval

Which of the following statements seems to be the best illustration of encoding specificity?

In many circumstances, participants correctly recognize that a stimulus is familiar but they are mistaken in their beliefs about where and when they encountered the stimulus. This error is referred to as

Because of the effects of context-dependent learning, students might find it wise to

Familiarity (as opposed to source memory)

In an experiment, participants learned materials in Room A and were tested in Room B. If they were asked to think about Room A just before taking the test, participants

Jerry, a lawyer, has read about a case (Jones v. Arizona) that he thinks will help one of his clients. Jerry wants to make sure that he remembers to discuss the case with his client and that he brings up the case in his opening statement in court. His best approach is likely to be to

Your friend asks you what you ate for breakfast yesterday morning. Describe how you might search and retrieve that information by considering a spreading activation network of long-term memories.

Which of the following tasks is LEAST appropriate as a means of testing implicit memory?

Which of the following statements about processing fluency is NOT accurate?

Which of the following statements is true about the role the hippocampus plays in memory?

Which of the following statements is FALSE for explicit memory?

Which of the following statements is NOT likely to be an influence of implicit memory?

H.M. had part of his hippocampus removed, which left him with

A friend of yours has recently grown a beard. When you encounter him, you realize at once that something about his face has changed but you are not certain what has changed. We can conclude from this that

Describe the "remember/know" paradigm by answering the following questions: a. What is the primary task in this paradigm? b. On what mnemonic process does "remembering" depend? What about "knowing"? c. What does this paradigm tell us about the nature of memory?

Explain the steps that lead to a judgment of familiarity. How might you manipulate those steps to create an illusion of familiarity?

Amnesia can provide insight into the role of memory in our everyday lives. For example, if H.M. was having a conversation with a friend and noticed the friend looking off in the distance and smiling, he was most likely to

Because of the influence of implicit memory, participants judge

The Science of the Mind

The Neural Basis for Cognition

Visual Perception

Recognizing Objects

Paying Attention

The Acquisition of Memories and the Working-Memory System

Remembering Complex Events

Concepts and Generic Knowledge

Language

Visual Knowledge

Judgment and Reasoning

Problem Solving and Intelligence

Conscious Thought, Unconscious Thought

Filters