Question 1

Analogies are

Accepted Answer

A)  often misleading, since an analogy depends on a problem's surface structure. 
B)  relatively ineffective for solving problems, unless the problem is a familiar one. 
C)  an effective way to promote understanding and problem solving. 
D)  relevant only for a narrow set of problems. 
A)  often misleading, since an analogy depends on a problem's surface structure. 
B)  relatively ineffective for solving problems, unless the problem is a familiar one. 
C)  an effective way to promote understanding and problem solving. 
D)  relevant only for a narrow set of problems.

Question 2

How does Einstellung contribute to problem solving? How can it facilitate problem solving? How may it hinder problem solving?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does Einstellung contribute to problem solving?...

Question 3

All of the states one can reach in solving a problem together make up the

Accepted Answer

A)  operators. 
B)  pathways. 
C)  problem definition. 
D)  problem space. 
A)  operators. 
B)  pathways. 
C)  problem definition. 
D)  problem space.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about creative people is most correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Creative people are fundamentally different from other people. 
B)  Creative people have a cognitive architecture that is unlike the architecture for less creative people. 
C)  Creative people typically rely on the same strategies and processes as less creative people. 
D)  Creativity is typically associated with superior visual memory. 
A)  Creative people are fundamentally different from other people. 
B)  Creative people have a cognitive architecture that is unlike the architecture for less creative people. 
C)  Creative people typically rely on the same strategies and processes as less creative people. 
D)  Creativity is typically associated with superior visual memory.

Question 5

In general, a training procedure will promote subsequent analogy use if the procedure

Accepted Answer

A)  helps participants to remember the exact formulation of the training problems. 
B)  makes the value of analogy use clear to participants. 
C)  encourages participants to pay attention to the training problem's deep structure. 
D)  teaches the participants general principles about how analogies function. 
A)  helps participants to remember the exact formulation of the training problems. 
B)  makes the value of analogy use clear to participants. 
C)  encourages participants to pay attention to the training problem's deep structure. 
D)  teaches the participants general principles about how analogies function.

Question 6

Studies of analogy use indicate that participants

Accepted Answer

A)  use analogies spontaneously in a wide range of problems. 
B)  use analogies only if they are experts in the domain of the problem. 
C)  are more likely to use analogies if there is a superficial resemblance between the problem being solved and the problem serving as the base for the analogy. 
D)  are more likely to use analogies in solving spatial problems than they are in solving verbal problems. 
A)  use analogies spontaneously in a wide range of problems. 
B)  use analogies only if they are experts in the domain of the problem. 
C)  are more likely to use analogies if there is a superficial resemblance between the problem being solved and the problem serving as the base for the analogy. 
D)  are more likely to use analogies in solving spatial problems than they are in solving verbal problems.

Question 7

Explain the methodological concerns with measuring intelligence. What should you do to ensure that a given measure of intelligence is appropriate and accurate?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the methodological concerns with measuring intelligence....

Question 8

The environment seems to influence all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  creativity. 
B)  IQ scores. 
C)  the use of heuristics. 
D)  fluid intelligence. 
A)  creativity. 
B)  IQ scores. 
C)  the use of heuristics. 
D)  fluid intelligence.

Question 9

Herbert solved the "tumor" problem by using an analogy with the "general and fortress" problem. In doing this, he realized that "tumor" corresponds to "fortress," "radiation" corresponds to "attacking army," and so on. The process of determining these correspondences is called

Accepted Answer

A)  translating. 
B)  analogizing. 
C)  mapping. 
D)  parsing. 
A)  translating. 
B)  analogizing. 
C)  mapping. 
D)  parsing.

Question 10

Bob works in marketing and wants to be creative at his work. Which of these is LEAST likely to be a prerequisite for his creativity?

Accepted Answer

A)  having knowledge about his domain in marketing 
B)  being strongly motivated by external rewards rather than taking pleasure in his work 
C)  being able to ignore criticism and tolerate ambiguous findings 
D)  being willing to take risks and not follow the crowd 
A)  having knowledge about his domain in marketing 
B)  being strongly motivated by external rewards rather than taking pleasure in his work 
C)  being able to ignore criticism and tolerate ambiguous findings 
D)  being willing to take risks and not follow the crowd

Question 11

Many years ago, Wallas argued that creative thought proceeds through four stages. Which of the following is NOT one of these stages?

Accepted Answer

A)  illumination 
B)  articulation 
C)  preparation 
D)  incubation 
A)  illumination 
B)  articulation 
C)  preparation 
D)  incubation

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a benefit received from using a means-end analysis to solve a problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  It highlights the differences between the current state and the goal state. 
B)  It often leads a person to break a problem into subproblems. 
C)  It provides guidelines for what a person should do to solve the problem. 
D)  It encourages the person to move away from the goal initially, so as to get to the goal faster. 
A)  It highlights the differences between the current state and the goal state. 
B)  It often leads a person to break a problem into subproblems. 
C)  It provides guidelines for what a person should do to solve the problem. 
D)  It encourages the person to move away from the goal initially, so as to get to the goal faster.

Question 13

________ intelligence refers to a general flexibility of thought, while ________ intelligence refers to acquired knowledge and skills.

Accepted Answer

A)  General; specific 
B)  Crystallized; fluid 
C)  Fluid; crystallized 
D)  General; learned 
A)  General; specific 
B)  Crystallized; fluid 
C)  Fluid; crystallized 
D)  General; learned

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT an explanation that is supported by evidence for the IQ discrepancies between blacks and whites?

Accepted Answer

A)  Genetic factors cause whites to be more intelligent than blacks. 
B)  Economic factors lead to higher IQ scores among whites than blacks. 
C)  Stereotype threat causes black students to score lower on intelligence tests. 
D)  IQ scores among blacks can be improved by reducing stereotype threat. 
A)  Genetic factors cause whites to be more intelligent than blacks. 
B)  Economic factors lead to higher IQ scores among whites than blacks. 
C)  Stereotype threat causes black students to score lower on intelligence tests. 
D)  IQ scores among blacks can be improved by reducing stereotype threat.

Question 15

A problem-solving set

Accepted Answer

A)  is generally a deterrent to problem solving, so one should seek to approach a problem without a set. 
B)  is an obstacle for novice problem solvers but not for experts. 
C)  is crucial for well-defined problems but cannot help with ill-defined problems. 
D)  often helps because the set leads us to ignore a number of options that obviously will not lead to the goal. 
A)  is generally a deterrent to problem solving, so one should seek to approach a problem without a set. 
B)  is an obstacle for novice problem solvers but not for experts. 
C)  is crucial for well-defined problems but cannot help with ill-defined problems. 
D)  often helps because the set leads us to ignore a number of options that obviously will not lead to the goal.

Question 16

Experts have several advantages in problem solving. Which of the following is NOT an advantage mentioned in this textbook?

Accepted Answer

A)  advanced degrees 
B)  at least 10 years of experience 
C)  years of deliberate practice 
D)  more efficient ways of accessing their knowledge 
A)  advanced degrees 
B)  at least 10 years of experience 
C)  years of deliberate practice 
D)  more efficient ways of accessing their knowledge

Question 17

Eric is trying to solve a problem but must put the problem down for a lunch meeting. At the meeting, he suddenly thinks of a potential solution. Which of the following is NOT consistent with Eric's revelation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lunch provided an incubation period. 
B)  Lunch provided Eric time to forget his previous strategies. 
C)  Lunch provided Eric time to think of new tactics that were outside of his original problem-solving set. 
D)  Eric was suffering from something like the "tip-of-the-tongue" phenomenon, and an event at lunch cued the correct answer, which he knew all along. 
A)  Lunch provided an incubation period. 
B)  Lunch provided Eric time to forget his previous strategies. 
C)  Lunch provided Eric time to think of new tactics that were outside of his original problem-solving set. 
D)  Eric was suffering from something like the "tip-of-the-tongue" phenomenon, and an event at lunch cued the correct answer, which he knew all along.

Question 18

Two groups of participants are given sets of training problems to solve. One group of participants is told to try to understand the structure of the problem, while the other group is asked to try to memorize the problem. They are later given test problems. Based on previous evidence, what results would you expect to see at testing?

Accepted Answer

A)  The "memorize" group will be faster when solving the problems. 
B)  The "memorize" group will solve more problems. 
C)  The "structure" group will solve more problems. 
D)  The groups will solve the same number of problems. 
A)  The "memorize" group will be faster when solving the problems. 
B)  The "memorize" group will solve more problems. 
C)  The "structure" group will solve more problems. 
D)  The groups will solve the same number of problems.

Question 19

Smith and Blankenship gave participants problems to solve and provided clues. One group was forced to take a break after only 60 seconds of working on the problem. After a 30-second break, they were given another 30 seconds to try to solve the problem. Compared to the group that did not get the break, the incubation group

Accepted Answer

A)  performed worse on the problem-solving task. 
B)  remembered more of the clues. 
C)  remembered fewer clues. 
D)  solved the problems faster. 
A)  performed worse on the problem-solving task. 
B)  remembered more of the clues. 
C)  remembered fewer clues. 
D)  solved the problems faster.

Question 20

The tendency to be rigid in how one thinks about an object's function is called

Accepted Answer

A)  mental stickiness. 
B)  functional fixedness. 
C)  functional narrowness. 
D)  narrow focus. 
A)  mental stickiness. 
B)  functional fixedness. 
C)  functional narrowness. 
D)  narrow focus.

Analogies are

How does Einstellung contribute to problem solving? How can it facilitate problem solving? How may it hinder problem solving?

All of the states one can reach in solving a problem together make up the

Which of the following statements about creative people is most correct?

In general, a training procedure will promote subsequent analogy use if the procedure

Studies of analogy use indicate that participants

Explain the methodological concerns with measuring intelligence. What should you do to ensure that a given measure of intelligence is appropriate and accurate?

The environment seems to influence all of the following EXCEPT

Herbert solved the "tumor" problem by using an analogy with the "general and fortress" problem. In doing this, he realized that "tumor" corresponds to "fortress," "radiation" corresponds to "attacking army," and so on. The process of determining these correspondences is called

Bob works in marketing and wants to be creative at his work. Which of these is LEAST likely to be a prerequisite for his creativity?

Many years ago, Wallas argued that creative thought proceeds through four stages. Which of the following is NOT one of these stages?

Which of the following is NOT a benefit received from using a means-end analysis to solve a problem?

intelligence refers to a general flexibility of thought, while intelligence refers to acquired knowledge and skills.

Which of the following is NOT an explanation that is supported by evidence for the IQ discrepancies between blacks and whites?

A problem-solving set

Experts have several advantages in problem solving. Which of the following is NOT an advantage mentioned in this textbook?

Eric is trying to solve a problem but must put the problem down for a lunch meeting. At the meeting, he suddenly thinks of a potential solution. Which of the following is NOT consistent with Eric's revelation?

The tendency to be rigid in how one thinks about an object's function is called

The Science of the Mind

The Neural Basis for Cognition

Visual Perception

Recognizing Objects

Paying Attention

The Acquisition of Memories and the Working-Memory System

Interconnections Between Acquisition and Retrieval

Remembering Complex Events

Concepts and Generic Knowledge

Language

Visual Knowledge

Judgment and Reasoning

Conscious Thought, Unconscious Thought

Filters

Exam 13: Problem Solving and Intelligence

Analogies are

How does Einstellung contribute to problem solving? How can it facilitate problem solving? How may it hinder problem solving?

All of the states one can reach in solving a problem together make up the

Which of the following statements about creative people is most correct?

In general, a training procedure will promote subsequent analogy use if the procedure

Studies of analogy use indicate that participants

Explain the methodological concerns with measuring intelligence. What should you do to ensure that a given measure of intelligence is appropriate and accurate?

The environment seems to influence all of the following EXCEPT

Herbert solved the "tumor" problem by using an analogy with the "general and fortress" problem. In doing this, he realized that "tumor" corresponds to "fortress," "radiation" corresponds to "attacking army," and so on. The process of determining these correspondences is called

Bob works in marketing and wants to be creative at his work. Which of these is LEAST likely to be a prerequisite for his creativity?

Many years ago, Wallas argued that creative thought proceeds through four stages. Which of the following is NOT one of these stages?

Which of the following is NOT a benefit received from using a means-end analysis to solve a problem?

________ intelligence refers to a general flexibility of thought, while ________ intelligence refers to acquired knowledge and skills.

Which of the following is NOT an explanation that is supported by evidence for the IQ discrepancies between blacks and whites?

A problem-solving set

Experts have several advantages in problem solving. Which of the following is NOT an advantage mentioned in this textbook?

Eric is trying to solve a problem but must put the problem down for a lunch meeting. At the meeting, he suddenly thinks of a potential solution. Which of the following is NOT consistent with Eric's revelation?

The tendency to be rigid in how one thinks about an object's function is called

The Science of the Mind

The Neural Basis for Cognition

Visual Perception

Recognizing Objects

Paying Attention

The Acquisition of Memories and the Working-Memory System

Interconnections Between Acquisition and Retrieval

Remembering Complex Events

Concepts and Generic Knowledge

Language

Visual Knowledge

Judgment and Reasoning

Conscious Thought, Unconscious Thought

Filters

intelligence refers to a general flexibility of thought, while intelligence refers to acquired knowledge and skills.