Question 1

Once a threshold is reached,

Accepted Answer

A) the number of sodium gates that open depends upon the strength of a stimulus and its duration. 
B) a graded local potential will be unable to spread to a trigger zone of the nerve membrane. 
C) the resting potential of a neuron is restored. 
D) potassium channels in the input zone open. 
E) progressive opening of more and more sodium gates and the accompanying flow of sodium ions is an example of positive feedback. 
A) the number of sodium gates that open depends upon the strength of a stimulus and its duration. 
B) a graded local potential will be unable to spread to a trigger zone of the nerve membrane. 
C) the resting potential of a neuron is restored. 
D) potassium channels in the input zone open. 
E) progressive opening of more and more sodium gates and the accompanying flow of sodium ions is an example of positive feedback.

Question 2

Interneurons are found in the

Accepted Answer

A) dorsal root. 
B) spinal cord. 
C) sensory neurons. 
D) motor neurons. 
E) somatic system. 
A) dorsal root. 
B) spinal cord. 
C) sensory neurons. 
D) motor neurons. 
E) somatic system.

Question 3

A reflex pathway is the simplest pathway because it

Accepted Answer

A) involves only one synapse. 
B) is evaluated and integrated by the medulla, not the cerebrum. 
C) involves only two or three neurons. 
D) does not involve the central nervous system in any way. 
E) includes all of these. 
A) involves only one synapse. 
B) is evaluated and integrated by the medulla, not the cerebrum. 
C) involves only two or three neurons. 
D) does not involve the central nervous system in any way. 
E) includes all of these.

Question 4

Use the figure above to answer questions 
  
-The portion(s) of an action potential where the sodium gates are open is (are) indicated by

Accepted Answer

A) A. 
B) B. 
C) C. 
D) D. 
E) A and B. 
A) A. 
B) B. 
C) C. 
D) D. 
E) A and B.

Question 5

The occurrence of an action potential can best be compared to a

Accepted Answer

A) switch to turn a lamp on and off. 
B) volume control on a stereo. 
C) door to a classroom. 
D) room light-dimmer switch. 
E) desk drawer opening and closing. 
A) switch to turn a lamp on and off. 
B) volume control on a stereo. 
C) door to a classroom. 
D) room light-dimmer switch. 
E) desk drawer opening and closing.

Question 6

Which of these is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A) oligodendrocytes; make myelin for brain axons 
B) Schwann cells; make myelin for peripheral axons 
C) astrocytes; most abundant cells in the brain 
D) microglia; engulf dead or dying brain tissue 
E) none of these are mismatched 
A) oligodendrocytes; make myelin for brain axons 
B) Schwann cells; make myelin for peripheral axons 
C) astrocytes; most abundant cells in the brain 
D) microglia; engulf dead or dying brain tissue 
E) none of these are mismatched

Question 7

Areas of the spinal cord appear glistening white because of

Accepted Answer

A) naked dendrites. 
B) cell bodies. 
C) axon endings. 
D) lack of meninges. 
E) myelin sheaths of axons. 
A) naked dendrites. 
B) cell bodies. 
C) axon endings. 
D) lack of meninges. 
E) myelin sheaths of axons.

Question 8

One or more neural effect(s) of MDMA include(s)

Accepted Answer

A) temporary psychosis. 
B) panic attacks. 
C) depletion of natural serotonin reserves. 
D) memory loss. 
E) all of these. 
A) temporary psychosis. 
B) panic attacks. 
C) depletion of natural serotonin reserves. 
D) memory loss. 
E) all of these.

Question 9

During the passage of a nerve impulse,

Accepted Answer

A) sodium ions pass through gated channels. 
B) positive feedback causes more sodium ions to enter the cell. 
C) the interior of the cell becomes positive relative to the outside. 
D) changing voltage increases the number of open gates. 
E) all of these occur. 
A) sodium ions pass through gated channels. 
B) positive feedback causes more sodium ions to enter the cell. 
C) the interior of the cell becomes positive relative to the outside. 
D) changing voltage increases the number of open gates. 
E) all of these occur.

Question 10

The nerve gas Sarin kills by blocking acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that degrades acetylcholine.What effect does this have?

Accepted Answer

A) ACh breakdown stops. 
B) It results in paralysis of skeletal muscles, confusion, and slurred speech. 
C) Signals for breathing may be disrupted. 
D) ACh breakdown stops, and signals for breathing may be disrupted. 
E) ACh breakdown stops; paralysis of skeletal muscles, confusion, headache, and possibly death 
A) ACh breakdown stops. 
B) It results in paralysis of skeletal muscles, confusion, and slurred speech. 
C) Signals for breathing may be disrupted. 
D) ACh breakdown stops, and signals for breathing may be disrupted. 
E) ACh breakdown stops; paralysis of skeletal muscles, confusion, headache, and possibly death

Question 11

The neuron transport proteins that maintain the resting membrane potential and restore ion gradients following an action potential are

Accepted Answer

A) sodium-phosphorus passive transporters. 
B) sodium-potassium pumps. 
C) sodium-chlorine gated channels. 
D) phosphorus-calcium pumps. 
E) phosphorus-chlorine gated channels. 
A) sodium-phosphorus passive transporters. 
B) sodium-potassium pumps. 
C) sodium-chlorine gated channels. 
D) phosphorus-calcium pumps. 
E) phosphorus-chlorine gated channels.

Question 12

The mechanism that regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cells of the brain is the

Accepted Answer

A) cerebrospinal fluid. 
B) reticular formation. 
C) tectum. 
D) blood-brain barrier. 
E) brain stem. 
A) cerebrospinal fluid. 
B) reticular formation. 
C) tectum. 
D) blood-brain barrier. 
E) brain stem.

Question 13

Endorphins

Accepted Answer

A) are natural painkillers. 
B) are released during orgasm 
C) influence the effects of neurotransmitters 
D) are released during exercise or laughter. 
E) include all of these descriptions. 
A) are natural painkillers. 
B) are released during orgasm 
C) influence the effects of neurotransmitters 
D) are released during exercise or laughter. 
E) include all of these descriptions.

Question 14

Transmitter substances

Accepted Answer

A) are expelled from the presynaptic cells by exocytosis. 
B) tend to destroy acetylcholine. 
C) enter the postsynaptic cell to continue the passage of the impulse. 
D) interact with membrane receptors of the postsynaptic cells. 
E) are expelled from the presynaptic cells by exocytosis and interact with membrane receptors of the postsynaptic cells. 
A) are expelled from the presynaptic cells by exocytosis. 
B) tend to destroy acetylcholine. 
C) enter the postsynaptic cell to continue the passage of the impulse. 
D) interact with membrane receptors of the postsynaptic cells. 
E) are expelled from the presynaptic cells by exocytosis and interact with membrane receptors of the postsynaptic cells.

Question 15

What first happens to a neuron as an impulse passes along it is best described as

Accepted Answer

A) polarization. 
B) depolarization. 
C) ionization. 
D) hyperpolarization. 
E) transpolarization. 
A) polarization. 
B) depolarization. 
C) ionization. 
D) hyperpolarization. 
E) transpolarization.

Question 16

Use the figure above to answer questions 
  
-What happens at time "C" of the action potential?

Accepted Answer

A) sodium-potassium pumps are active 
B) potassium gates close and sodium gates open 
C) sodium gates close and potassium gates open 
D) positive feedback begins 
E) both potassium gates and sodium gates close 
A) sodium-potassium pumps are active 
B) potassium gates close and sodium gates open 
C) sodium gates close and potassium gates open 
D) positive feedback begins 
E) both potassium gates and sodium gates close

Question 17

The left hemisphere of the brain is responsible for

Accepted Answer

A) music. 
B) artistic ability. 
C) spatial relationships. 
D) language skills. 
E) abstract abilities. 
A) music. 
B) artistic ability. 
C) spatial relationships. 
D) language skills. 
E) abstract abilities.

Question 18

Clusters of nerve cell bodies that function as a local integrating center are

Accepted Answer

A) nerve cords. 
B) ganglia. 
C) a plexus. 
D) notochords. 
E) nerves. 
A) nerve cords. 
B) ganglia. 
C) a plexus. 
D) notochords. 
E) nerves.

Question 19

Deterioration in the myelin sheaths of motor axons to the lower leg would be expected to

Accepted Answer

A) remove the restraints to ion movement and speed up impulse transmission. 
B) cause immobility of the leg due to cessation of impulses to leg muscles. 
C) slow the rate of transmission and cause reduced motor control. 
D) have little effect because the sheaths are for insulation only. 
E) do none of these. 
A) remove the restraints to ion movement and speed up impulse transmission. 
B) cause immobility of the leg due to cessation of impulses to leg muscles. 
C) slow the rate of transmission and cause reduced motor control. 
D) have little effect because the sheaths are for insulation only. 
E) do none of these.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A) A neuron will not fire unless a stimulus reaches the threshold. 
B) An action potential is an all-or-nothing event. 
C) An action potential continues indefinitely until a quenching signal is released. 
D) An action potential is self-propagating. 
E) An action potential transmission depends on activities at the membrane. 
A) A neuron will not fire unless a stimulus reaches the threshold. 
B) An action potential is an all-or-nothing event. 
C) An action potential continues indefinitely until a quenching signal is released. 
D) An action potential is self-propagating. 
E) An action potential transmission depends on activities at the membrane.

Exam 33: Neural Control

Once a threshold is reached,

Interneurons are found in the

A reflex pathway is the simplest pathway because it

Use the figure above to answer questions -The portion(s) of an action potential where the sodium gates are open is (are) indicated by

The occurrence of an action potential can best be compared to a

Which of these is mismatched?

Areas of the spinal cord appear glistening white because of

One or more neural effect(s) of MDMA include(s)

During the passage of a nerve impulse,

The nerve gas Sarin kills by blocking acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that degrades acetylcholine.What effect does this have?

The neuron transport proteins that maintain the resting membrane potential and restore ion gradients following an action potential are

The mechanism that regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cells of the brain is the

Endorphins

Transmitter substances

What first happens to a neuron as an impulse passes along it is best described as

Use the figure above to answer questions -What happens at time "C" of the action potential?

The left hemisphere of the brain is responsible for

Clusters of nerve cell bodies that function as a local integrating center are

Deterioration in the myelin sheaths of motor axons to the lower leg would be expected to

Which of the following statements is false?

Invitation to Biology

Lifes Chemical Basis

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure and Function

A Closer Look at Cell Membranes

Ground Rules of Metabolism

Where It Startsphotosynthesis

Energy-Releasing Pathways

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Observing Patterns in Inherited Traits

Chromosomes and Human Inheritance

Dna Structure and Function

From Dna to Protein

Controls Over Genes

Recombinant Dna and Genetic Engineering

The Macroevolutionary Puzzle

Emergence of Evolutionary Thought

Organizing Information About Species

The Origin and Evolution of Life

Viruses and Prokaryotes

Protists the Simplest Eukaryotes

Plants

Fungi

Animals: the Invertebrates

Animal Evolution the Chordates

Human Evolution: a Case Study

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Reproduction

Plant Growth and Development

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Sensory Perception

Endocrine Control

Protection, Support, and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Human Nutrition

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Animal Reproductive Systems

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Community Structure and Biodiversity

Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Human Impacts on the Biosphere

Filters