Question 1

Which of the following is the best definition of fermentation?

Accepted Answer

A)  the production of energy by oxidative-level phosphorylation 
B)  the complete catabolism of glucose to CO₂ and H₂O 
C)  the production of energy by both substrate and oxidative phosphorylation 
D)  the partial oxidation of glucose with organic molecules serving as electron acceptors 
E)  the partial reduction of glucose to pyruvic acid 
A)  the production of energy by oxidative-level phosphorylation 
B)  the complete catabolism of glucose to CO₂ and H₂O 
C)  the production of energy by both substrate and oxidative phosphorylation 
D)  the partial oxidation of glucose with organic molecules serving as electron acceptors 
E)  the partial reduction of glucose to pyruvic acid

Question 2

Figure 5.8
  
-In Figure 5.8, where is ATP produced?

Accepted Answer

A)  a 
B)  b 
C)  c 
D)  d 
E)  e 
A)  a 
B)  b 
C)  c 
D)  d 
E)  e

Question 3

Figure 5.2   What type of reaction is in Figure 5.2?

Accepted Answer

A)  decarboxylation 
B)  dehydrogenation 
C)  oxidation 
D)  reduction 
E)  transamination 
A)  decarboxylation 
B)  dehydrogenation 
C)  oxidation 
D)  reduction 
E)  transamination

Question 4

Which of the following is the best definition of oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

A)  A proton gradient allows hydrogen ions to flow back into the cells through transmembrane protein channels, releasing energy that is used to generate ATP. 
B)  Electrons are passed through a series of carriers to an organic compound. 
C)  Electrons are passed through a series of carriers to O₂. 
D)  ATP is directly transferred from a substrate to ADP. 
A)  A proton gradient allows hydrogen ions to flow back into the cells through transmembrane protein channels, releasing energy that is used to generate ATP. 
B)  Electrons are passed through a series of carriers to an organic compound. 
C)  Electrons are passed through a series of carriers to O₂. 
D)  ATP is directly transferred from a substrate to ADP.

Question 5

Fatty acids are oxidized in

Accepted Answer

A)  the Krebs cycle. 
B)  the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. 
C)  the pentose phosphate pathway. 
D)  the electron transport chain. 
E)  glycolysis. 
A)  the Krebs cycle. 
B)  the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. 
C)  the pentose phosphate pathway. 
D)  the electron transport chain. 
E)  glycolysis.

Question 6

Figure 5.7   The graph at the left in Figure 5.7 shows the reaction rate for an enzyme at its optimum temperature. Which graph shows enzyme activity at a higher temperature?

Accepted Answer

A)  a 
B)  b 
C)  c 
D)  d 
A)  a 
B)  b 
C)  c 
D)  d

Question 7

An enzyme, citrate synthase, in the Krebs cycle is inhibited by ATP. This is an example of all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  noncompetitive inhibition. 
B)  allosteric inhibition. 
C)  competitive inhibition. 
D)  feedback inhibition. 
A)  noncompetitive inhibition. 
B)  allosteric inhibition. 
C)  competitive inhibition. 
D)  feedback inhibition.

Question 8

Catabolic reactions are generally degradative and hydrolytic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

A strictly fermentative bacterium produces energy

Accepted Answer

A)  only in the presence of oxygen. 
B)  by aerobic respiration only. 
C)  by fermentation or aerobic respiration. 
D)  only in the absence of oxygen. 
E)  by glycolysis only. 
A)  only in the presence of oxygen. 
B)  by aerobic respiration only. 
C)  by fermentation or aerobic respiration. 
D)  only in the absence of oxygen. 
E)  by glycolysis only.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about substrate-level phosphorylation is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  It occurs in glycolysis. 
B)  It involves the direct transfer of a high-energy phosphate group from an intermediate metabolic compound to ADP. 
C)  No final electron acceptor is required. 
D)  It occurs to a lesser degree in the Krebs cycle than in glycolysis. 
E)  The oxidation of intermediate metabolic compounds releases energy that is used to generate ATP. 
A)  It occurs in glycolysis. 
B)  It involves the direct transfer of a high-energy phosphate group from an intermediate metabolic compound to ADP. 
C)  No final electron acceptor is required. 
D)  It occurs to a lesser degree in the Krebs cycle than in glycolysis. 
E)  The oxidation of intermediate metabolic compounds releases energy that is used to generate ATP.

Question 11

Figure 5.6   The rates of O₂ and glucose consumption by a bacterial culture are shown in Figure 5.6. Assume a bacterial culture was grown in a glucose medium without O₂. Then O₂ was added at the time marked X. The data indicate that

Accepted Answer

A)  these bacteria cannot grow anaerobically. 
B)  these bacteria get more energy anaerobically. 
C)  aerobic metabolism is more efficient than fermentation. 
D)  these bacteria donʹt use O₂. 
A)  these bacteria cannot grow anaerobically. 
B)  these bacteria get more energy anaerobically. 
C)  aerobic metabolism is more efficient than fermentation. 
D)  these bacteria donʹt use O₂.

Question 12

Figure 5.5   Which of the graphs in Figure 5.5 best illustrates the activity of an enzyme that is saturated with substrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  a 
B)  b 
C)  c 
D)  d 
E)  e 
A)  a 
B)  b 
C)  c 
D)  d 
E)  e

Question 13

Which of the following statements regarding metabolism is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP is formed in catabolic reactions. 
B)  Heat may be released in both anabolic and catabolic reactions. 
C)  ADP is formed in anabolic reactions. 
D)  Anabolic reactions are degradative. 
A)  ATP is formed in catabolic reactions. 
B)  Heat may be released in both anabolic and catabolic reactions. 
C)  ADP is formed in anabolic reactions. 
D)  Anabolic reactions are degradative.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT necessary for respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  cytochromes 
B)  a source of electrons 
C)  quinones 
D)  flavoproteins 
E)  oxygen 
A)  cytochromes 
B)  a source of electrons 
C)  quinones 
D)  flavoproteins 
E)  oxygen

Question 15

In green and purple bacteria, electrons to reduce CO₂ can come from

Accepted Answer

A)  chlorophyll. 
B)  H2S. 
C)  CO₂. 
D)  C6H12O6. 
E)  H₂O. 
A)  chlorophyll. 
B)  H2S. 
C)  CO₂. 
D)  C6H12O6. 
E)  H₂O.

Question 16

Figure 5.4   How is ATP generated in the reaction shown in Figure 5.4?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis 
B)  oxidative phosphorylation 
C)  photophosphorylation 
D)  fermentation 
E)  substrate-level phosphorylation 
A)  glycolysis 
B)  oxidative phosphorylation 
C)  photophosphorylation 
D)  fermentation 
E)  substrate-level phosphorylation

Question 17

Which of the following statements about anaerobic respiration is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  It requires cytochromes. 
B)  The complete Krebʹs cycle is utilized. 
C)  It yields lower amounts of ATP when compared to aerobic respiration. 
D)  It involves the reduction of an organic final electron acceptor. 
E)  It generates ATP. 
A)  It requires cytochromes. 
B)  The complete Krebʹs cycle is utilized. 
C)  It yields lower amounts of ATP when compared to aerobic respiration. 
D)  It involves the reduction of an organic final electron acceptor. 
E)  It generates ATP.

Exam 5: Microbial Metabolism

Which of the following is the best definition of fermentation?

Figure 5.8 -In Figure 5.8, where is ATP produced?

Figure 5.2 What type of reaction is in Figure 5.2?

Which of the following is the best definition of oxidative phosphorylation?

Fatty acids are oxidized in

Figure 5.7 The graph at the left in Figure 5.7 shows the reaction rate for an enzyme at its optimum temperature. Which graph shows enzyme activity at a higher temperature?

An enzyme, citrate synthase, in the Krebs cycle is inhibited by ATP. This is an example of all of the following EXCEPT

Catabolic reactions are generally degradative and hydrolytic.

A strictly fermentative bacterium produces energy

Which of the following statements about substrate-level phosphorylation is FALSE?

Figure 5.6 The rates of O₂ and glucose consumption by a bacterial culture are shown in Figure 5.6. Assume a bacterial culture was grown in a glucose medium without O₂. Then O₂ was added at the time marked X. The data indicate that

Figure 5.5 Which of the graphs in Figure 5.5 best illustrates the activity of an enzyme that is saturated with substrate?

Which of the following statements regarding metabolism is FALSE?

Which of the following is NOT necessary for respiration?

In green and purple bacteria, electrons to reduce CO₂ can come from

Figure 5.4 How is ATP generated in the reaction shown in Figure 5.4?

Which of the following statements about anaerobic respiration is FALSE?

The Microbial World and You

Chemical Principles

Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Microbial Growth

The Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Genetics

Biotechnology and Dna Technology

Classification of Microorganisms

The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Practical Applications of Immunology

Disorders Associated With the Immune System

Antimicrobial Drugs

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Disease of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

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