Question 1

All of the following are reasons why an HIV vaccine has not been developed EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  there is no known animal model of natural immunity for HIV infection. 
B)  vaccines are not effective against viral infections. 
C)  small, inexpensive animals which could be used for HIV vaccine research are not available. 
D)  HIV has a high mutation rate so one vaccination would not be effective to treat the world-wide pandemic. 
E)  use of a weakened virus would potentially transmit the infection. 
A)  there is no known animal model of natural immunity for HIV infection. 
B)  vaccines are not effective against viral infections. 
C)  small, inexpensive animals which could be used for HIV vaccine research are not available. 
D)  HIV has a high mutation rate so one vaccination would not be effective to treat the world-wide pandemic. 
E)  use of a weakened virus would potentially transmit the infection.

Question 2

Cancer is similar to an infectious disease in that it is due to a failure of the bodyʹs defenses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

All of the following are true of hypersensitivity EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  it is due to an altered immune response. 
B)  it requires previous exposure to an antigen. 
C)  it is synonymous with ʺallergy.ʺ 
D)  it occurs when an individual is exposed to an allergen for the first time. 
E)  it occurs in the presence of an antigen. 
A)  it is due to an altered immune response. 
B)  it requires previous exposure to an antigen. 
C)  it is synonymous with ʺallergy.ʺ 
D)  it occurs when an individual is exposed to an allergen for the first time. 
E)  it occurs in the presence of an antigen.

Question 4

Worldwide, the primary method of transmission of HIV is

Accepted Answer

A)  blood transfusions. 
B)  nosocomial. 
C)  heterosexual intercourse. 
D)  homosexual intercourse. 
E)  intravenous drug use. 
A)  blood transfusions. 
B)  nosocomial. 
C)  heterosexual intercourse. 
D)  homosexual intercourse. 
E)  intravenous drug use.

Question 5

When testing donated blood for compatibility you would find a person with O type blood

Accepted Answer

A)  will lack plasma antibodies to A and B type antigens. 
B)  has O type antigens on their red blood cells. 
C)  will have anti-O antibodies in their plasma. 
D)  lacks HLA and MHC antigens. 
E)  will lack A and B red blood cell antigens. 
A)  will lack plasma antibodies to A and B type antigens. 
B)  has O type antigens on their red blood cells. 
C)  will have anti-O antibodies in their plasma. 
D)  lacks HLA and MHC antigens. 
E)  will lack A and B red blood cell antigens.

Question 6

Table 19.1 $$\begin{array} { | l | l | } 
\hline \text { Donor } & \text { Recipient } \
\hline \text { 1. } \mathrm { AB } , \mathrm { Rh } ^ { - } & \mathrm { AB } , \mathrm { Rh } ^ { + } \
\hline \text { 2. } \mathrm { A } , \mathrm { Rh } ^ { + } & \mathrm { A } ^ { + } , \mathrm { Rh } ^ { - } \
\hline \text { 3. } \mathrm { A } , \mathrm { Rh } ^ { + } & \mathrm { O } , \mathrm { Rh } ^ { + } \
\hline \text { 4. B, } \mathrm { Rh } ^ { - } & \mathrm { B } , \mathrm { Rh } ^ { + } \
\hline \text { 5. B, } \mathrm { Rh } ^ { + } & \mathrm { A } , \mathrm { Rh } ^ { + } \
\hline
\end{array}$$ Which blood transfusions in Table 19.1 are incompatible?

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2, and 3 
B)  2 and 5 
C)  3 and 4 
D)  1 and 2 
E)  2, 3, and 5 
A)  1, 2, and 3 
B)  2 and 5 
C)  3 and 4 
D)  1 and 2 
E)  2, 3, and 5

Question 7

Which of the following may result from systemic anaphylaxis?

Accepted Answer

A)  immunodeficiency 
B)  shock 
C)  asthma 
D)  hay fever 
E)  hives 
A)  immunodeficiency 
B)  shock 
C)  asthma 
D)  hay fever 
E)  hives

Question 8

Vaccines against HIV have proven to be very effective in halting the spread of disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Allergic contact dermatitis is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  activated macrophages. 
B)  sensitized T cells. 
C)  IgE antibodies. 
D)  IgM antibodies. 
E)  IgG antibodies. 
A)  activated macrophages. 
B)  sensitized T cells. 
C)  IgE antibodies. 
D)  IgM antibodies. 
E)  IgG antibodies.

Question 10

Individuals who do not express CCR5 are highly resistant to infection by HIV.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

All stem cells are derived from embryonic stem cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which antibodies will be in the serum of a person with blood type B, Rh+?

Accepted Answer

A)  anti-A, anti-B, anti-Rh 
B)  anti-A 
C)  anti-A, anti-Rh 
D)  anti-B 
E)  anti-B, anti-Rh 
A)  anti-A, anti-B, anti-Rh 
B)  anti-A 
C)  anti-A, anti-Rh 
D)  anti-B 
E)  anti-B, anti-Rh

Question 13

All of the following lead to drug-induced thrombocytopenic purpura. Which occurs first?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antibodies and complement react with platelets. 
B)  Platelets are destroyed. 
C)  Purpura occurs on the skin. 
D)  Antibodies against haptens are formed. 
E)  Drug binds to platelets. 
A)  Antibodies and complement react with platelets. 
B)  Platelets are destroyed. 
C)  Purpura occurs on the skin. 
D)  Antibodies against haptens are formed. 
E)  Drug binds to platelets.

Question 14

Hemolytic disease of the newborn can result from an

Accepted Answer

A)  Rh- mother and an A fetus. 
B)  Rh+ mother with an Rh- fetus. 
C)  Rh- mother with an Rh+ fetus. 
D)  AB mother with an O fetus. 
E)  AB mother with a B fetus. 
A)  Rh- mother and an A fetus. 
B)  Rh+ mother with an Rh- fetus. 
C)  Rh- mother with an Rh+ fetus. 
D)  AB mother with an O fetus. 
E)  AB mother with a B fetus.

Question 15

A positive tuberculin skin test is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  delayed cell-mediated immunity. 
B)  autoimmunity. 
C)  innate immunity. 
D)  psoriasis. 
E)  acute contact dermatitis. 
A)  delayed cell-mediated immunity. 
B)  autoimmunity. 
C)  innate immunity. 
D)  psoriasis. 
E)  acute contact dermatitis.

Question 16

All of the following pertain to serological tests EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  they are used to test for specific HLAs on lymphocytes. 
B)  they can be used to diagnose various diseases. 
C)  they can detect antibodies but not antigens. 
D)  they are used to detect compatible tissues for transplantation. 
E)  reactions can be detected by uptake of trypan blue by damaged cells. 
A)  they are used to test for specific HLAs on lymphocytes. 
B)  they can be used to diagnose various diseases. 
C)  they can detect antibodies but not antigens. 
D)  they are used to detect compatible tissues for transplantation. 
E)  reactions can be detected by uptake of trypan blue by damaged cells.

Question 17

All of the following are considered examples of type I hypersensitivity EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  dust allergies. 
B)  pollen allergies. 
C)  transplant rejections. 
D)  asthma. 
E)  penicillin allergic reactions. 
A)  dust allergies. 
B)  pollen allergies. 
C)  transplant rejections. 
D)  asthma. 
E)  penicillin allergic reactions.

Question 18

HIV attack of CD4+ T cells causes suppression of both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

A hypersensitivity reaction refers to immune responses to antigens beyond what would be normal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The chemical mediators of anaphylaxis are

Accepted Answer

A)  antigen-antibody complexes. 
B)  the proteins of the complement system. 
C)  antigens. 
D)  found in basophils and mast cells. 
E)  antibodies. 
A)  antigen-antibody complexes. 
B)  the proteins of the complement system. 
C)  antigens. 
D)  found in basophils and mast cells. 
E)  antibodies.

Exam 19: Disorders Associated With the Immune System

All of the following are reasons why an HIV vaccine has not been developed EXCEPT

Cancer is similar to an infectious disease in that it is due to a failure of the bodyʹs defenses.

All of the following are true of hypersensitivity EXCEPT

Worldwide, the primary method of transmission of HIV is

When testing donated blood for compatibility you would find a person with O type blood

Table 19.1 Donor Recipient 1. , , 2. , , 3. , , 4. B, , 5. B, , Which blood transfusions in Table 19.1 are incompatible?

Which of the following may result from systemic anaphylaxis?

Vaccines against HIV have proven to be very effective in halting the spread of disease.

Allergic contact dermatitis is due to

Individuals who do not express CCR5 are highly resistant to infection by HIV.

All stem cells are derived from embryonic stem cells.

Which antibodies will be in the serum of a person with blood type B, Rh+?

All of the following lead to drug-induced thrombocytopenic purpura. Which occurs first?

Hemolytic disease of the newborn can result from an

A positive tuberculin skin test is an example of

All of the following pertain to serological tests EXCEPT

All of the following are considered examples of type I hypersensitivity EXCEPT

HIV attack of CD4+ T cells causes suppression of both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses.

A hypersensitivity reaction refers to immune responses to antigens beyond what would be normal.

The chemical mediators of anaphylaxis are

The Microbial World and You

Chemical Principles

Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth

The Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Genetics

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Classification of Microorganisms

The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Practical Applications of Immunology

Antimicrobial Drugs

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Disease of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

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