Question 1

All of the following contribute to a pathogenʹs invasiveness EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  capsules. 
B)  toxins. 
C)  hyaluronidase. 
D)  coagulases. 
E)  cell wall components. 
A)  capsules. 
B)  toxins. 
C)  hyaluronidase. 
D)  coagulases. 
E)  cell wall components.

Question 2

Endotoxins in sterile injectable drugs could cause

Accepted Answer

A)  nerve damage. 
B)  giant cell formation. 
C)  no damage, because they are sterile. 
D)  infection. 
E)  septic shock symptoms. 
A)  nerve damage. 
B)  giant cell formation. 
C)  no damage, because they are sterile. 
D)  infection. 
E)  septic shock symptoms.

Question 3

Infections with some viruses may induce chromosomal changes that alter the growth properties of host cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which of the following statements about exotoxins is generally FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are composed of proteins. 
B)  They are more potent than endotoxins. 
C)  They have specific methods of action. 
D)  They are resistant to heat. 
E)  They are produced by gram-positive bacteria. 
A)  They are composed of proteins. 
B)  They are more potent than endotoxins. 
C)  They have specific methods of action. 
D)  They are resistant to heat. 
E)  They are produced by gram-positive bacteria.

Question 5

Which of the following contributes to the virulence of a pathogen?

Accepted Answer

A)  numbers of microorganisms that gain access to a host and evasion of host defenses 
B)  evasion of host defenses 
C)  toxin production 
D)  numbers of microorganisms that gain access to a host 
E)  numbers of microorganisms that gain access to a host, evasion of host defenses, and toxin production 
A)  numbers of microorganisms that gain access to a host and evasion of host defenses 
B)  evasion of host defenses 
C)  toxin production 
D)  numbers of microorganisms that gain access to a host 
E)  numbers of microorganisms that gain access to a host, evasion of host defenses, and toxin production

Question 6

Symptoms of protozoan and helminthic diseases are due to

Accepted Answer

A)  tissue damage due to growth of the parasite on the tissues, waste products excreted by the parasite, and products released from damaged tissues. 
B)  products released from damaged tissues. 
C)  tissue damage due to growth of the parasite on the tissues. 
D)  tissue damage due to growth of the parasite on the tissues and waste products excreted by the parasite. 
E)  waste products excreted by the parasite. 
A)  tissue damage due to growth of the parasite on the tissues, waste products excreted by the parasite, and products released from damaged tissues. 
B)  products released from damaged tissues. 
C)  tissue damage due to growth of the parasite on the tissues. 
D)  tissue damage due to growth of the parasite on the tissues and waste products excreted by the parasite. 
E)  waste products excreted by the parasite.

Question 7

The ability of some microbes, such as Trypanosoma or Giardia to alter their surface molecules and evade destruction by the hostʹs antibodies is called

Accepted Answer

A)  cytocidal effect. 
B)  antigenic variation. 
C)  virulence. 
D)  lysogenic conversion. 
E)  cytopathic effect. 
A)  cytocidal effect. 
B)  antigenic variation. 
C)  virulence. 
D)  lysogenic conversion. 
E)  cytopathic effect.

Question 8

Antibiotics can lead to septic shock if used to treat

Accepted Answer

A)  viral infections. 
B)  gram-negative bacterial infections. 
C)  gram-positive bacterial infections. 
D)  helminth infestations. 
E)  protozoan infections. 
A)  viral infections. 
B)  gram-negative bacterial infections. 
C)  gram-positive bacterial infections. 
D)  helminth infestations. 
E)  protozoan infections.

Question 9

Table 15.2
 $$\begin{array} { | l | c | } 
\hline \text { Bacterium } & \text { ID50 } \
\hline \text { E. coli } \mathrm { O } 157 : \mathrm { H } 7 & 20 \
\hline \text { Legionella pneumoplila } & 1 \
\hline \text { Shigella } & 10 \
\hline \text { Treponema pallidum } & 57 \
\hline
\end{array}$$
-Which organism in Table 15.2 most easily causes an infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Shigella 
B)  Legionella pneumophila 
C)  Treponema pallidum 
D)  E. coli O157:H7 
E)  The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided. 
A)  Shigella 
B)  Legionella pneumophila 
C)  Treponema pallidum 
D)  E. coli O157:H7 
E)  The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 10

The fimbriae of Neisseria gonorrhea and enteropathogenic E. coli are examples of

Accepted Answer

A)  adhesins. 
B)  ligands. 
C)  receptors. 
D)  adhesins and ligands. 
E)  adhesins, ligands, and receptors. 
A)  adhesins. 
B)  ligands. 
C)  receptors. 
D)  adhesins and ligands. 
E)  adhesins, ligands, and receptors.

Question 11

Cholera toxin polypeptide A binds to surface gangliosides on target cells. If the gangliosides were removed,

Accepted Answer

A)  polypeptide A would enter the cells. 
B)  Vibrio would bind to target cells. 
C)  Vibrio would not produce cholera toxin. 
D)  polypeptide A would bind to target cells. 
E)  polypeptide B would not be able to enter the cells. 
A)  polypeptide A would enter the cells. 
B)  Vibrio would bind to target cells. 
C)  Vibrio would not produce cholera toxin. 
D)  polypeptide A would bind to target cells. 
E)  polypeptide B would not be able to enter the cells.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Leukocidins destroy neutrophils. 
B)  Coagulase destroys blood clots. 
C)  Hyaluronidase breaks down substances between cells. 
D)  Hemolysins lyse red blood cells. 
E)  Kinase destroys fibrin clots. 
A)  Leukocidins destroy neutrophils. 
B)  Coagulase destroys blood clots. 
C)  Hyaluronidase breaks down substances between cells. 
D)  Hemolysins lyse red blood cells. 
E)  Kinase destroys fibrin clots.

Question 13

The most frequently used portal of entry for pathogens is the

Accepted Answer

A)  skin. 
B)  mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract. 
C)  parenteral route. 
D)  mucous membranes of the respiratory tract. 
E)  All of these portals are used equally. 
A)  skin. 
B)  mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract. 
C)  parenteral route. 
D)  mucous membranes of the respiratory tract. 
E)  All of these portals are used equally.

Question 14

All of the following organisms produce exotoxins EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  Salmonella typhi. 
B)  Clostridium tetani. 
C)  Staphylococcus aureus. 
D)  Clostridium botulinum. 
E)  Corynebacterium diphtheriae. 
A)  Salmonella typhi. 
B)  Clostridium tetani. 
C)  Staphylococcus aureus. 
D)  Clostridium botulinum. 
E)  Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about M protein is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is found on Streptococcus pyogenes. 
B)  It is heat- and acid-resistant. 
C)  It is a protein. 
D)  It is found on fimbriae. 
E)  It is readily digested by phagocytes. 
A)  It is found on Streptococcus pyogenes. 
B)  It is heat- and acid-resistant. 
C)  It is a protein. 
D)  It is found on fimbriae. 
E)  It is readily digested by phagocytes.

Question 16

Table 15.2
 $$\begin{array} { | l | c | } 
\hline \text { Bacterium } & \text { ID50 } \
\hline \text { E. coli } \mathrm { O } 157 : \mathrm { H } 7 & 20 \
\hline \text { Legionella pneumoplila } & 1 \
\hline \text { Shigella } & 10 \
\hline \text { Treponema pallidum } & 57 \
\hline
\end{array}$$
-Which organism in Table 15.2 causes the most severe disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  E. coli O157:H7 
B)  Treponema pallidum 
C)  Shigella 
D)  Legionella pneumophila 
E)  It cannot be determined from the information provided. 
A)  E. coli O157:H7 
B)  Treponema pallidum 
C)  Shigella 
D)  Legionella pneumophila 
E)  It cannot be determined from the information provided.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a cytopathic effect of viruses?

Accepted Answer

A)  host cells fusing to form multinucleated syncytia 
B)  inclusion bodies forming in the cytoplasm or nucleus 
C)  toxin production 
D)  increased cell growth 
E)  cell death 
A)  host cells fusing to form multinucleated syncytia 
B)  inclusion bodies forming in the cytoplasm or nucleus 
C)  toxin production 
D)  increased cell growth 
E)  cell death

Question 18

Many pathogens use the same portal for entry and exit from the body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Bacteria that cause periodontal disease have adhesins for receptors on streptococci that colonize on teeth. This indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)  streptococci get bacterial infections. 
B)  bacteria that cause periodontal disease adhere to gums and teeth. 
C)  streptococcal colonization is necessary for periodontal disease. 
D)  streptococci cause periodontal disease. 
E)  bacteria that cause periodontal disease adhere to teeth. 
A)  streptococci get bacterial infections. 
B)  bacteria that cause periodontal disease adhere to gums and teeth. 
C)  streptococcal colonization is necessary for periodontal disease. 
D)  streptococci cause periodontal disease. 
E)  bacteria that cause periodontal disease adhere to teeth.

Question 20

Most symptoms of endotoxins can be treated with administration of anti-endotoxin antibodies.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 15: Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

All of the following contribute to a pathogenʹs invasiveness EXCEPT

Endotoxins in sterile injectable drugs could cause

Infections with some viruses may induce chromosomal changes that alter the growth properties of host cells.

Which of the following statements about exotoxins is generally FALSE?

Which of the following contributes to the virulence of a pathogen?

Symptoms of protozoan and helminthic diseases are due to

The ability of some microbes, such as Trypanosoma or Giardia to alter their surface molecules and evade destruction by the hostʹs antibodies is called

Antibiotics can lead to septic shock if used to treat

Table 15.2 Bacterium ID50 E. coli 157:7 20 Legionella pneumoplila 1 Shigella 10 Treponema pallidum 57 -Which organism in Table 15.2 most easily causes an infection?

The fimbriae of Neisseria gonorrhea and enteropathogenic E. coli are examples of

Cholera toxin polypeptide A binds to surface gangliosides on target cells. If the gangliosides were removed,

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

The most frequently used portal of entry for pathogens is the

All of the following organisms produce exotoxins EXCEPT

Which of the following statements about M protein is FALSE?

Table 15.2 Bacterium ID50 E. coli 157:7 20 Legionella pneumoplila 1 Shigella 10 Treponema pallidum 57 -Which organism in Table 15.2 causes the most severe disease?

Which of the following is NOT a cytopathic effect of viruses?

Many pathogens use the same portal for entry and exit from the body.

Bacteria that cause periodontal disease have adhesins for receptors on streptococci that colonize on teeth. This indicates that

Most symptoms of endotoxins can be treated with administration of anti-endotoxin antibodies.

The Microbial World and You

Chemical Principles

Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth

The Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Genetics

Biotechnology and Dna Technology

Classification of Microorganisms

The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Practical Applications of Immunology

Disorders Associated With the Immune System

Antimicrobial Drugs

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Disease of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

Filters