Question 1

When there are no objective criteria to measure achievement,people often rely on _______ to evaluate how well they performed.

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive appraisal processes 
B)  attribution of arousal 
C)  social comparison 
D)  introspection 
E)  self-perception 
A)  cognitive appraisal processes 
B)  attribution of arousal 
C)  social comparison 
D)  introspection 
E)  self-perception

Question 2

The cornerstone of Leon Festinger's (1954)social comparison theory is that people

Accepted Answer

A)  may examine their opinions and abilities by evaluating themselves relative to others. 
B)  prefer subjective feedback to objective feedback. 
C)  are motivated to see themselves in the most positive light. 
D)  only accept feedback that helps maintain self-esteem. 
E)  prefer to compare themselves to others more talented or accomplished than they are. 
A)  may examine their opinions and abilities by evaluating themselves relative to others. 
B)  prefer subjective feedback to objective feedback. 
C)  are motivated to see themselves in the most positive light. 
D)  only accept feedback that helps maintain self-esteem. 
E)  prefer to compare themselves to others more talented or accomplished than they are.

Question 3

Which of the following is most likely to INCREASE intrinsic motivation?

Accepted Answer

A)  performance-contingent rewards 
B)  large incentives 
C)  task-contingent rewards 
D)  introspection 
E)  self-perception processes 
A)  performance-contingent rewards 
B)  large incentives 
C)  task-contingent rewards 
D)  introspection 
E)  self-perception processes

Question 4

Consider the following self-description: "I have blue eyes and brown hair.I have two sisters.I hate vegetables,but I love ice cream." Such a self-description was most likely provided by the typical

Accepted Answer

A)  eight-year old child. 
B)  adult. 
C)  high school student. 
D)  two-year old child. 
E)  college student. 
A)  eight-year old child. 
B)  adult. 
C)  high school student. 
D)  two-year old child. 
E)  college student.

Question 5

Tim Wilson,Pat Laser,and Julie Stone (1982)asked participants to keep journals of their daily moods and of other variables,such as the weather and how much sleep they got the night before.When asked,many participants reported the amount of sleep the night before was correlated with their moods.When information recorded in the journals was subjected to more systematic statistical analysis,it was found that amount of sleep was not related to participants' self-reported moods.This is most likely because participants

Accepted Answer

A)  under-reported the amount of sleep they actually got. 
B)  were in a bad mood from having to keep the journal. 
C)  were distracted (e.g., by loud noise) when they wrote in their journals. 
D)  relied on causal theories about the relation between mood and sleep. 
E)  did not keep accurate journals. 
A)  under-reported the amount of sleep they actually got. 
B)  were in a bad mood from having to keep the journal. 
C)  were distracted (e.g., by loud noise) when they wrote in their journals. 
D)  relied on causal theories about the relation between mood and sleep. 
E)  did not keep accurate journals.

Question 6

Jake and Zeke are standing at the counter of the convenience store,and Jake,who has just failed his psychology exam,is animatedly telling Zeke that the exam was unfair and that his professor is unreasonable.As he takes his change,Jake sees his image on the security camera.This causes him to wonder whether he actually studied enough for the exam.Jake's self-scrutiny in this situation would be predicted by

Accepted Answer

A)  self-perception theory. 
B)  self-esteem theory. 
C)  self-disclosure theory. 
D)  self-awareness theory. 
E)  self-verification theory. 
A)  self-perception theory. 
B)  self-esteem theory. 
C)  self-disclosure theory. 
D)  self-awareness theory. 
E)  self-verification theory.

Question 7

Heine and his colleagues (2008)compared East Asian and Western participants in levels of actual/ideal self-discrepancy when they were seated in front of a mirror to complete a questionnaire.Based on the results of this study,who would you expect to be most self-aware,regardless of whether they were in front of a mirror?

Accepted Answer

A)  Susan, a British woman 
B)  Tom, a Canadian man 
C)  Yoshi, a Japanese man 
D)  Anna, an Australian woman 
E)  Brad, an American man 
A)  Susan, a British woman 
B)  Tom, a Canadian man 
C)  Yoshi, a Japanese man 
D)  Anna, an Australian woman 
E)  Brad, an American man

Question 8

Gordon Gallup (1977)briefly anesthetized chimpanzees and painted an odorless red dye on their heads.When they awoke and looked in the mirror,the chimps immediately reached to touch their brows and ears where the dye was.These findings suggest that chimps

Accepted Answer

A)  are capable of developing a sense of self-esteem. 
B)  have a complex, multifaceted sense of self. 
C)  possess a self-concept much like a human. 
D)  develop a sense of self-recognition comparable to that of two-year-old humans. 
E)  are capable of complex thought. 
A)  are capable of developing a sense of self-esteem. 
B)  have a complex, multifaceted sense of self. 
C)  possess a self-concept much like a human. 
D)  develop a sense of self-recognition comparable to that of two-year-old humans. 
E)  are capable of complex thought.

Question 9

When asked to explain our own behaviours,self-perception processes are more likely to operate when our feelings are _______ and when we _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  clear; list the reasons for those feelings. 
B)  clear; freely chose our behaviour. 
C)  weak or unclear; freely chose our behaviour. 
D)  weak or unclear; list the reasons for those feelings. 
E)  clear; engage in introspection. 
A)  clear; list the reasons for those feelings. 
B)  clear; freely chose our behaviour. 
C)  weak or unclear; freely chose our behaviour. 
D)  weak or unclear; list the reasons for those feelings. 
E)  clear; engage in introspection.

Question 10

It is Halloween,but you don't want to be running back and forth to answer the door.To avoid any "tricks," you decide to leave a large container of candy on the porch.You've just read Chapter 5 and you have a hunch about how to keep greedy trick-or-treaters from taking more than their fair share of the candy.You decide to

Accepted Answer

A)  set up a tape-recorder of Barney the Dinosaur singing "I love you, you love me...." 
B)  install a one-way mirror to catch and punish offenders, and to make an example of them. 
C)  place a large mirror behind the candy, so that children can see themselves as they approach. 
D)  place a picture of the Wicked Witch of the West behind the candy, to warn them what will happen if they take too much. 
E)  place a sign beside the candy politely asking each trick-or-treater to have only one piece of candy. 
A)  set up a tape-recorder of Barney the Dinosaur singing "I love you, you love me...." 
B)  install a one-way mirror to catch and punish offenders, and to make an example of them. 
C)  place a large mirror behind the candy, so that children can see themselves as they approach. 
D)  place a picture of the Wicked Witch of the West behind the candy, to warn them what will happen if they take too much. 
E)  place a sign beside the candy politely asking each trick-or-treater to have only one piece of candy.

Question 11

Lisa is most likely to conclude that she likes classical music when

Accepted Answer

A)  she cannot pick up other stations on her car radio. 
B)  she has preset her car radio to a classical music station. 
C)  the car radio is broken, stuck on the classical music station, and she cannot change stations. 
D)  her husband chooses the stations on the car radio. 
E)  she takes a free classical music sampler from a record store. 
A)  she cannot pick up other stations on her car radio. 
B)  she has preset her car radio to a classical music station. 
C)  the car radio is broken, stuck on the classical music station, and she cannot change stations. 
D)  her husband chooses the stations on the car radio. 
E)  she takes a free classical music sampler from a record store.

Question 12

If a self-awareness theorist were to design a department store that would discourage shoplifting,what would he or she do?

Accepted Answer

A)  provide rewards to shoppers who report shoplifters 
B)  post signs that say, "Shoplifters will be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law" 
C)  place mirrors near merchandise that is likely to be stolen 
D)  lower prices on the merchandise 
E)  hire more undercover security 
A)  provide rewards to shoppers who report shoplifters 
B)  post signs that say, "Shoplifters will be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law" 
C)  place mirrors near merchandise that is likely to be stolen 
D)  lower prices on the merchandise 
E)  hire more undercover security

Question 13

Wilson and Ross have shown that comparing our past self with our current self is

Accepted Answer

A)  a useful technique for boosting self-esteem. 
B)  a poor technique for impression management. 
C)  useful for introspection and self-awareness. 
D)  useful for impression management. 
E)  a useful technique for recall of autobiographical memories. 
A)  a useful technique for boosting self-esteem. 
B)  a poor technique for impression management. 
C)  useful for introspection and self-awareness. 
D)  useful for impression management. 
E)  a useful technique for recall of autobiographical memories.

Question 14

As Tiffany brushes her teeth,she's thinking about a fight she had the night before with her best friend.She lost her temper and screamed and cursed.Tiffany becomes self-aware when she catches her reflection in the bathroom mirror.She feels uncomfortable,thinking about her behaviour.According to self-awareness theory,what is Tiffany most likely to do?

Accepted Answer

A)  call her friend to apologize 
B)  distract herself by scouring the sink 
C)  decide to ignore her friend 
D)  punish herself by refusing to floss 
E)  justify her actions by blaming her friend 
A)  call her friend to apologize 
B)  distract herself by scouring the sink 
C)  decide to ignore her friend 
D)  punish herself by refusing to floss 
E)  justify her actions by blaming her friend

Question 15

According to social psychology research findings,when we engage in social comparison,we are most likely to compare ourselves to

Accepted Answer

A)  experts. 
B)  people who perform poorly on the task. 
C)  similar others. 
D)  whomever is physically closest to us. 
E)  dissimilar others. 
A)  experts. 
B)  people who perform poorly on the task. 
C)  similar others. 
D)  whomever is physically closest to us. 
E)  dissimilar others.

Question 16

_______ posits that we learn about our own abilities and attitudes by comparing ourselves to other people.

Accepted Answer

A)  Social comparison theory 
B)  Self-verification theory 
C)  Self-perception theory 
D)  Esteem enhancement theory 
E)  The notion of the looking glass self 
A)  Social comparison theory 
B)  Self-verification theory 
C)  Self-perception theory 
D)  Esteem enhancement theory 
E)  The notion of the looking glass self

Question 17

Which of the following findings is explained by the "looking-glass self" theory of self-concept formation?

Accepted Answer

A)  When we are unsure about our attitudes or feelings, we infer them by observing our behaviour and the situations in which they occur. 
B)  Students are less likely to cheat on a test when they can see their faces in a mirror. 
C)  After experiencing a failure, people in a reflective state may cheer themselves up by remembering positive events. 
D)  People are less likely to steal if there is a camera focused on them. 
E)  Catholic women rated themselves more negatively after reading a sexually explicit passage if they had first been exposed to a picture of the Pope than if the picture was of an unfamiliar smiling man. 
A)  When we are unsure about our attitudes or feelings, we infer them by observing our behaviour and the situations in which they occur. 
B)  Students are less likely to cheat on a test when they can see their faces in a mirror. 
C)  After experiencing a failure, people in a reflective state may cheer themselves up by remembering positive events. 
D)  People are less likely to steal if there is a camera focused on them. 
E)  Catholic women rated themselves more negatively after reading a sexually explicit passage if they had first been exposed to a picture of the Pope than if the picture was of an unfamiliar smiling man.

Question 18

Self-enhancement among individuals from Asian cultures

Accepted Answer

A)  doesn't seem to occur. 
B)  happens when speaking about themselves. 
C)  happens when speaking about their families but not themselves. 
D)  happens when speaking about themselves and their families. 
E)  happens when speaking about their themselves and only close family members. 
A)  doesn't seem to occur. 
B)  happens when speaking about themselves. 
C)  happens when speaking about their families but not themselves. 
D)  happens when speaking about themselves and their families. 
E)  happens when speaking about their themselves and only close family members.

Question 19

When we are motivated to feel good about ourselves,we

Accepted Answer

A)  use self-handicapping. 
B)  make internal attributions. 
C)  make external attributions. 
D)  use downward social comparison. 
E)  seek self-awareness. 
A)  use self-handicapping. 
B)  make internal attributions. 
C)  make external attributions. 
D)  use downward social comparison. 
E)  seek self-awareness.

Question 20

Gus went golfing last week and shot a score of 85,the best score he has ever shot after years of playing.At work the next day he tells his close friend Arnie about his achievement.Arnie tells Gus that he also went golfing yesterday and shot a score of 72,which is quite a bit better than Gus' score.According to the research on social comparison processes presented in the text,

Accepted Answer

A)  Gus will be highly motivated to outperform Arnie on any task related to golf. 
B)  the next time Gus and Arnie golf together, Gus will probably hit Arnie with a 5-iron the minute his back is turned. 
C)  Gus will be inspired by Arnie's achievement to practice even harder and become a better player. 
D)  Gus will become less satisfied with his performance and his motivation to practice will probably be decreased. 
E)  the next time Gus and Arnie golf together Gus will say that he has been too sick to practice, so that he has a handy excuse for losing. 
A)  Gus will be highly motivated to outperform Arnie on any task related to golf. 
B)  the next time Gus and Arnie golf together, Gus will probably hit Arnie with a 5-iron the minute his back is turned. 
C)  Gus will be inspired by Arnie's achievement to practice even harder and become a better player. 
D)  Gus will become less satisfied with his performance and his motivation to practice will probably be decreased. 
E)  the next time Gus and Arnie golf together Gus will say that he has been too sick to practice, so that he has a handy excuse for losing.

When there are no objective criteria to measure achievement,people often rely on _______ to evaluate how well they performed.

The cornerstone of Leon Festinger's (1954)social comparison theory is that people

Which of the following is most likely to INCREASE intrinsic motivation?

Consider the following self-description: "I have blue eyes and brown hair.I have two sisters.I hate vegetables,but I love ice cream." Such a self-description was most likely provided by the typical

Gordon Gallup (1977)briefly anesthetized chimpanzees and painted an odorless red dye on their heads.When they awoke and looked in the mirror,the chimps immediately reached to touch their brows and ears where the dye was.These findings suggest that chimps

When asked to explain our own behaviours,self-perception processes are more likely to operate when our feelings are _ and when we _.

Lisa is most likely to conclude that she likes classical music when

If a self-awareness theorist were to design a department store that would discourage shoplifting,what would he or she do?

Wilson and Ross have shown that comparing our past self with our current self is

According to social psychology research findings,when we engage in social comparison,we are most likely to compare ourselves to

_______ posits that we learn about our own abilities and attitudes by comparing ourselves to other people.

Which of the following findings is explained by the "looking-glass self" theory of self-concept formation?

Self-enhancement among individuals from Asian cultures

When we are motivated to feel good about ourselves,we

Introduction to Social Psychology

Methodology

Social Cognition

Social Perception

Attitudes and Attitude Change

Conformity

Group Processes

Interpersonal Attraction

Prosocial Behaviour

Aggression

Prejudice

Social Psychology in Action 1

Social Psychology in Action 2

Social Psychology in Action 3

Filters

Exam 5: The Self Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

When there are no objective criteria to measure achievement,people often rely on _______ to evaluate how well they performed.

The cornerstone of Leon Festinger's (1954)social comparison theory is that people

Which of the following is most likely to INCREASE intrinsic motivation?

Consider the following self-description: "I have blue eyes and brown hair.I have two sisters.I hate vegetables,but I love ice cream." Such a self-description was most likely provided by the typical

Gordon Gallup (1977)briefly anesthetized chimpanzees and painted an odorless red dye on their heads.When they awoke and looked in the mirror,the chimps immediately reached to touch their brows and ears where the dye was.These findings suggest that chimps

When asked to explain our own behaviours,self-perception processes are more likely to operate when our feelings are _______ and when we _______.

Lisa is most likely to conclude that she likes classical music when

If a self-awareness theorist were to design a department store that would discourage shoplifting,what would he or she do?

Wilson and Ross have shown that comparing our past self with our current self is

According to social psychology research findings,when we engage in social comparison,we are most likely to compare ourselves to

_______ posits that we learn about our own abilities and attitudes by comparing ourselves to other people.

Which of the following findings is explained by the "looking-glass self" theory of self-concept formation?

Self-enhancement among individuals from Asian cultures

When we are motivated to feel good about ourselves,we

Introduction to Social Psychology

Methodology

Social Cognition

Social Perception

Attitudes and Attitude Change

Conformity

Group Processes

Interpersonal Attraction

Prosocial Behaviour

Aggression

Prejudice

Social Psychology in Action 1

Social Psychology in Action 2

Social Psychology in Action 3

Filters

When asked to explain our own behaviours,self-perception processes are more likely to operate when our feelings are _ and when we _.