Question 1

Pluralistic ignorance is an example of the power of _______ to inhibit helping.

Accepted Answer

A)  negative-state relief effects 
B)  informational social influence 
C)  diffusion of responsibility 
D)  urban overload 
E)  the norm of obedience 
A)  negative-state relief effects 
B)  informational social influence 
C)  diffusion of responsibility 
D)  urban overload 
E)  the norm of obedience

Question 2

While waiting for a bus,witnesses hear a man growing increasingly frantic as he cries,"My nitro tablets.Where are my nitro pills? I can't find my nitro tablets and I'm having a heart attack!" He collapses to the ground,clutching his chest.Everyone knows that it is a medical emergency.In this situation,who is most likely to help?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gene, who has been sued before for leaving the scene of an accident 
B)  Tim, who has had a heart attack himself recently 
C)  Anita, who hears a voice from the back of the crowd, "Let me through! I'm a doctor!" and follows the lead of this model 
D)  James, who has completed a CPR course 
E)  Arthur, who notices that blood is streaming down the man's chin and onto his shirt 
A)  Gene, who has been sued before for leaving the scene of an accident 
B)  Tim, who has had a heart attack himself recently 
C)  Anita, who hears a voice from the back of the crowd, "Let me through! I'm a doctor!" and follows the lead of this model 
D)  James, who has completed a CPR course 
E)  Arthur, who notices that blood is streaming down the man's chin and onto his shirt

Question 3

If the urban overload hypothesis (Milgram,1970)is true,_______ to help a fallen pedestrian on the streets of New York City because _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  Elaine would not be likely; she tries to keep to herself amid all the stimulation. 
B)  Alicia would be likely; urban areas are stressful and put people in bad moods. 
C)  Roberto would not be likely; was socialized with urban values. 
D)  Harold would be likely; he was born and reared in a small town. 
E)  Herman would be likely; he is used to being around many people, thus is more comfortable helping people. 
A)  Elaine would not be likely; she tries to keep to herself amid all the stimulation. 
B)  Alicia would be likely; urban areas are stressful and put people in bad moods. 
C)  Roberto would not be likely; was socialized with urban values. 
D)  Harold would be likely; he was born and reared in a small town. 
E)  Herman would be likely; he is used to being around many people, thus is more comfortable helping people.

Question 4

According to evolutionary psychologists,we help others because of three factors that have become ingrained in our genes: the reciprocity norm,

Accepted Answer

A)  kin selection, and empathy. 
B)  empathy, and .social exchange 
C)  social exchange, and kin selection. 
D)  kin selection, and the ability to learn to follow norms and customs. 
E)  empathy, and cultural values. 
A)  kin selection, and empathy. 
B)  empathy, and .social exchange 
C)  social exchange, and kin selection. 
D)  kin selection, and the ability to learn to follow norms and customs. 
E)  empathy, and cultural values.

Question 5

Pluralistic ignorance is to _______ as diffusion of responsibility is to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  social exchange; competence. 
B)  incompetence; competence. 
C)  perceptions of competence; social exchange. 
D)  interpretation; personal responsibility. 
E)  evaluation apprehension; personal responsibility. 
A)  social exchange; competence. 
B)  incompetence; competence. 
C)  perceptions of competence; social exchange. 
D)  interpretation; personal responsibility. 
E)  evaluation apprehension; personal responsibility.

Question 6

Julie and Sven want to teach their children to engage in prosocial behaviour.To do this,they could

Accepted Answer

A)  make sure they all attend group sport activities regularly. 
B)  bring their children to a park clean-up event so they can see their parents volunteering. 
C)  give the children expensive toys and gifts every time they are helpful. 
D)  plan a lot of playdates with other children. 
E)  punish their children for misdeeds. 
A)  make sure they all attend group sport activities regularly. 
B)  bring their children to a park clean-up event so they can see their parents volunteering. 
C)  give the children expensive toys and gifts every time they are helpful. 
D)  plan a lot of playdates with other children. 
E)  punish their children for misdeeds.

Question 7

John Darley and Daniel Batson (1973)conducted a study in which participants were provided the opportunity to help when they were on their way to deliver a brief speech on the Good Samaritan or on another topic.These researchers found that _______ because _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  seminary students were more likely to help a man slumped in a doorway; they remembered the Golden Rule. 
B)  participants who scored higher on empathy were more likely to help; they could take the suffering man's perspective. 
C)  participants in a hurry were less likely to help; they didn't notice the man slumped in the doorway. 
D)  participants who were to discuss the Good Samaritan were more likely to help; the norm of charity was more accessible. 
E)  participants who scored higher on prosocial behaviours were more likely to help; it was in their nature. 
A)  seminary students were more likely to help a man slumped in a doorway; they remembered the Golden Rule. 
B)  participants who scored higher on empathy were more likely to help; they could take the suffering man's perspective. 
C)  participants in a hurry were less likely to help; they didn't notice the man slumped in the doorway. 
D)  participants who were to discuss the Good Samaritan were more likely to help; the norm of charity was more accessible. 
E)  participants who scored higher on prosocial behaviours were more likely to help; it was in their nature.

Question 8

Lindsay wants to test if prosocial behaviour differs in urban and rural settings.After reading Chapter 10,she decides to replicate the lost letter procedure (Milgram,1969).Which of the following outcomes can Lindsay expect?

Accepted Answer

A)  People in cities are more likely to mail the letters than the people in small towns. 
B)  People in cities and people in small towns are equally likely to mail the letters. 
C)  People in cities are more likely to mail letters addressed to institutions, while people in small towns are more likely to mail letters addressed to individuals. 
D)  People in small towns are more likely to mail letters addressed to institutions, while people in cities are more likely to mail letters addressed to individuals. 
E)  People in small towns are more likely to mail the letters than the people in the city. 
A)  People in cities are more likely to mail the letters than the people in small towns. 
B)  People in cities and people in small towns are equally likely to mail the letters. 
C)  People in cities are more likely to mail letters addressed to institutions, while people in small towns are more likely to mail letters addressed to individuals. 
D)  People in small towns are more likely to mail letters addressed to institutions, while people in cities are more likely to mail letters addressed to individuals. 
E)  People in small towns are more likely to mail the letters than the people in the city.

Question 9

Alexis wants her son Bobby to grow up to be a prosocial adult.Research on the overjustification effect suggests that Alexis should

Accepted Answer

A)  tell Bobby that he will be grounded if he does not help others. 
B)  praise Bobby for being a "helpful person" when he is especially helpful to others. 
C)  tell Bobby that Santa Claus will not give him any gifts if he does not share with his little sister. 
D)  pay Bobby for reading books to his little sister. 
E)  reward Bobby with small gifts when he is especially helpful to others. 
A)  tell Bobby that he will be grounded if he does not help others. 
B)  praise Bobby for being a "helpful person" when he is especially helpful to others. 
C)  tell Bobby that Santa Claus will not give him any gifts if he does not share with his little sister. 
D)  pay Bobby for reading books to his little sister. 
E)  reward Bobby with small gifts when he is especially helpful to others.

Question 10

Given empirical support for the bystander effect (Latané & Darley,1970),all things being equal,you would be more likely to get needed assistance were you to have a heart attack

Accepted Answer

A)  in a crowded courtroom. 
B)  in a busy restaurant. 
C)  in a dentist's waiting room. 
D)  at a large convention of real estate agents. 
E)  when having a conversation with one other person. 
A)  in a crowded courtroom. 
B)  in a busy restaurant. 
C)  in a dentist's waiting room. 
D)  at a large convention of real estate agents. 
E)  when having a conversation with one other person.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about cultural difference in prosocial behaviour is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  People in individualist cultures are not very likely to help an "out-group" member or an "in-group" member. 
B)  People in collectivist cultures are less likely to help "out-group" members than are people in individualist cultures. 
C)  People in individualist cultures are as likely to help an "out-group" member as they are to help an "in-group" member. 
D)  People in collectivist or interdependent cultures are as likely to help an "out-group" member as they are to help an "in-group" member. 
E)  People in individualist cultures are more likely to help "in-group" members than people in collectivist cultures. 
A)  People in individualist cultures are not very likely to help an "out-group" member or an "in-group" member. 
B)  People in collectivist cultures are less likely to help "out-group" members than are people in individualist cultures. 
C)  People in individualist cultures are as likely to help an "out-group" member as they are to help an "in-group" member. 
D)  People in collectivist or interdependent cultures are as likely to help an "out-group" member as they are to help an "in-group" member. 
E)  People in individualist cultures are more likely to help "in-group" members than people in collectivist cultures.

Question 12

Your friend Ellen has come to you for advice about her four-year-old son.She says,"I don't know why he won't be nicer to his little sister.Every time he helps her dress,I buy him a new toy." You've just read Chapter 10.What would you say to Ellen?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Try punishing him when he's mean to Becky." 
B)  "Read him the Bible story of the good Samaritan." 
C)  "Remind him that when Becky gets older, she might be able to help him sometimes." 
D)  "Perhaps he's convinced himself that the reason he's nice to Becky is because you buy him presents." 
E)  "Try buying him more than one toy each time he helps." 
A)  "Try punishing him when he's mean to Becky." 
B)  "Read him the Bible story of the good Samaritan." 
C)  "Remind him that when Becky gets older, she might be able to help him sometimes." 
D)  "Perhaps he's convinced himself that the reason he's nice to Becky is because you buy him presents." 
E)  "Try buying him more than one toy each time he helps."

Question 13

James has just received notice that he's been admitted to the law school of his choice.As he walks along,humming the theme to L.A.Law,he's in a good mood.He sees a worker fall off a ladder and rushes over to assist.Why did James help in this case?

Accepted Answer

A)  Good moods increase our tendency to process information systematically. 
B)  Good moods tend to focus our attention inward, on our attitudes and values. 
C)  Good moods change our interpretations of social rewards and costs. 
D)  Good moods make our ability to empathize unimportant. 
E)  Good moods make us more empathetic. 
A)  Good moods increase our tendency to process information systematically. 
B)  Good moods tend to focus our attention inward, on our attitudes and values. 
C)  Good moods change our interpretations of social rewards and costs. 
D)  Good moods make our ability to empathize unimportant. 
E)  Good moods make us more empathetic.

Question 14

In Dunfield and Kuhlmeier's study (2010)21-month-old infants were offered an attractive toy by one of two confederates.The confederate did not actually give the toy to the infant.One of the confederates was willing but unable to give the toy because it 'accidentally' rolled off the table.Another confederate was unwilling to give the toy to the infant.When later the infants could choose who they gave the toy to

Accepted Answer

A)  the majority kept it to themselves. 
B)  they most often gave it to the willing but unable confederate. 
C)  they most often gave it to the unwilling confederate. 
D)  they were equally likely to give it to either confederate. 
E)  the majority had a temper tantrum. 
A)  the majority kept it to themselves. 
B)  they most often gave it to the willing but unable confederate. 
C)  they most often gave it to the unwilling confederate. 
D)  they were equally likely to give it to either confederate. 
E)  the majority had a temper tantrum.

Question 15

Pluralistic ignorance is most likely to discourage intervention in an emergency when

Accepted Answer

A)  the situation is ambiguous. 
B)  victims are dissimilar to the witnesses. 
C)  an emergency occurs in an urban setting. 
D)  victims do not know the witnesses. 
E)  experts show the appropriate form of assistance. 
A)  the situation is ambiguous. 
B)  victims are dissimilar to the witnesses. 
C)  an emergency occurs in an urban setting. 
D)  victims do not know the witnesses. 
E)  experts show the appropriate form of assistance.

Question 16

Gene Burnstein,Chris Crandall,and Shinobu Kitayama (1994)found that when participants imagined a housefire,they were more likely to help some people than other people.Based on these researchers' findings,it seems that in life-and-death situations

Accepted Answer

A)  functional distance will determine who is helped. 
B)  culture is more important than biology. 
C)  norms are more important than genetic similarity. 
D)  biological relatives are more likely to be helped than non-relatives. 
E)  women are more sensitive to norms and men more sensitive to biology. 
A)  functional distance will determine who is helped. 
B)  culture is more important than biology. 
C)  norms are more important than genetic similarity. 
D)  biological relatives are more likely to be helped than non-relatives. 
E)  women are more sensitive to norms and men more sensitive to biology.

Question 17

In analyzing gender differences in prosocial behaviour,helping that involves _______ is likely to be performed by _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  nurturance and commitment; women. 
B)  nurturance and commitment; women and men equally. 
C)  technical skills; women and men equally. 
D)  heroic effort; women and men equally. 
E)  formal volunteering; men. 
A)  nurturance and commitment; women. 
B)  nurturance and commitment; women and men equally. 
C)  technical skills; women and men equally. 
D)  heroic effort; women and men equally. 
E)  formal volunteering; men.

Question 18

Based on results of John Darley and Daniel Batson's (1973)"Good Samaritan" experiment,who is most likely to help an elderly woman who has slipped on the ice?

Accepted Answer

A)  Clifford, who has just read the New Testament 
B)  Diane, who is killing time before an appointment 
C)  Yulia, who is with several of her friends 
D)  Norman, who has just won first prize in a speech contest 
E)  Sam, who is a seminary student 
A)  Clifford, who has just read the New Testament 
B)  Diane, who is killing time before an appointment 
C)  Yulia, who is with several of her friends 
D)  Norman, who has just won first prize in a speech contest 
E)  Sam, who is a seminary student

Question 19

Juanita sees a crowd of people gathered around a man lying on the ground.She thinks about whether to call an ambulance,but then reasons that somebody else has probably already done so.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  social perception theory. 
B)  diffusion of responsibility. 
C)  the empathy-altruism hypothesis. 
D)  social exchange theory. 
E)  the urban-overload hypothesis. 
A)  social perception theory. 
B)  diffusion of responsibility. 
C)  the empathy-altruism hypothesis. 
D)  social exchange theory. 
E)  the urban-overload hypothesis.

Question 20

Consider the following quote from Francois La Rochefoucauld (1678),"What seems to be generosity is often no more than disguised ambition." His sentiment best reflects assumptions of

Accepted Answer

A)  social exchange theory. 
B)  the empathy-altruism hypothesis. 
C)  psychoanalytic theory. 
D)  a sociobiological perspective. 
E)  the self-interest hypothesis. 
A)  social exchange theory. 
B)  the empathy-altruism hypothesis. 
C)  psychoanalytic theory. 
D)  a sociobiological perspective. 
E)  the self-interest hypothesis.

Pluralistic ignorance is an example of the power of _______ to inhibit helping.

If the urban overload hypothesis (Milgram,1970)is true,_ to help a fallen pedestrian on the streets of New York City because _.

According to evolutionary psychologists,we help others because of three factors that have become ingrained in our genes: the reciprocity norm,

Pluralistic ignorance is to _ as diffusion of responsibility is to _.

Julie and Sven want to teach their children to engage in prosocial behaviour.To do this,they could

John Darley and Daniel Batson (1973)conducted a study in which participants were provided the opportunity to help when they were on their way to deliver a brief speech on the Good Samaritan or on another topic.These researchers found that _ because _.

Lindsay wants to test if prosocial behaviour differs in urban and rural settings.After reading Chapter 10,she decides to replicate the lost letter procedure (Milgram,1969).Which of the following outcomes can Lindsay expect?

Alexis wants her son Bobby to grow up to be a prosocial adult.Research on the overjustification effect suggests that Alexis should

Given empirical support for the bystander effect (Latané & Darley,1970),all things being equal,you would be more likely to get needed assistance were you to have a heart attack

Which of the following statements about cultural difference in prosocial behaviour is true?

Your friend Ellen has come to you for advice about her four-year-old son.She says,"I don't know why he won't be nicer to his little sister.Every time he helps her dress,I buy him a new toy." You've just read Chapter 10.What would you say to Ellen?

James has just received notice that he's been admitted to the law school of his choice.As he walks along,humming the theme to L.A.Law,he's in a good mood.He sees a worker fall off a ladder and rushes over to assist.Why did James help in this case?

Pluralistic ignorance is most likely to discourage intervention in an emergency when

Gene Burnstein,Chris Crandall,and Shinobu Kitayama (1994)found that when participants imagined a housefire,they were more likely to help some people than other people.Based on these researchers' findings,it seems that in life-and-death situations

In analyzing gender differences in prosocial behaviour,helping that involves _ is likely to be performed by _.

Based on results of John Darley and Daniel Batson's (1973)"Good Samaritan" experiment,who is most likely to help an elderly woman who has slipped on the ice?

Juanita sees a crowd of people gathered around a man lying on the ground.She thinks about whether to call an ambulance,but then reasons that somebody else has probably already done so.This is an example of

Consider the following quote from Francois La Rochefoucauld (1678),"What seems to be generosity is often no more than disguised ambition." His sentiment best reflects assumptions of

Introduction to Social Psychology

Methodology

Social Cognition

Social Perception

The Self Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Attitudes and Attitude Change

Conformity

Group Processes

Interpersonal Attraction

Aggression

Prejudice

Social Psychology in Action 1

Social Psychology in Action 2

Social Psychology in Action 3

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Exam 10: Prosocial Behaviour

Pluralistic ignorance is an example of the power of _______ to inhibit helping.

If the urban overload hypothesis (Milgram,1970)is true,_______ to help a fallen pedestrian on the streets of New York City because _______.

According to evolutionary psychologists,we help others because of three factors that have become ingrained in our genes: the reciprocity norm,

Pluralistic ignorance is to _______ as diffusion of responsibility is to _______.

Julie and Sven want to teach their children to engage in prosocial behaviour.To do this,they could

John Darley and Daniel Batson (1973)conducted a study in which participants were provided the opportunity to help when they were on their way to deliver a brief speech on the Good Samaritan or on another topic.These researchers found that _______ because _______.

Lindsay wants to test if prosocial behaviour differs in urban and rural settings.After reading Chapter 10,she decides to replicate the lost letter procedure (Milgram,1969).Which of the following outcomes can Lindsay expect?

Alexis wants her son Bobby to grow up to be a prosocial adult.Research on the overjustification effect suggests that Alexis should

Given empirical support for the bystander effect (Latané & Darley,1970),all things being equal,you would be more likely to get needed assistance were you to have a heart attack

Which of the following statements about cultural difference in prosocial behaviour is true?

Your friend Ellen has come to you for advice about her four-year-old son.She says,"I don't know why he won't be nicer to his little sister.Every time he helps her dress,I buy him a new toy." You've just read Chapter 10.What would you say to Ellen?

James has just received notice that he's been admitted to the law school of his choice.As he walks along,humming the theme to L.A.Law,he's in a good mood.He sees a worker fall off a ladder and rushes over to assist.Why did James help in this case?

Pluralistic ignorance is most likely to discourage intervention in an emergency when

Gene Burnstein,Chris Crandall,and Shinobu Kitayama (1994)found that when participants imagined a housefire,they were more likely to help some people than other people.Based on these researchers' findings,it seems that in life-and-death situations

In analyzing gender differences in prosocial behaviour,helping that involves _______ is likely to be performed by _______.

Based on results of John Darley and Daniel Batson's (1973)"Good Samaritan" experiment,who is most likely to help an elderly woman who has slipped on the ice?

Juanita sees a crowd of people gathered around a man lying on the ground.She thinks about whether to call an ambulance,but then reasons that somebody else has probably already done so.This is an example of

Consider the following quote from Francois La Rochefoucauld (1678),"What seems to be generosity is often no more than disguised ambition." His sentiment best reflects assumptions of

Introduction to Social Psychology

Methodology

Social Cognition

Social Perception

The Self Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Attitudes and Attitude Change

Conformity

Group Processes

Interpersonal Attraction

Aggression

Prejudice

Social Psychology in Action 1

Social Psychology in Action 2

Social Psychology in Action 3

Filters

If the urban overload hypothesis (Milgram,1970)is true,_ to help a fallen pedestrian on the streets of New York City because _.

Pluralistic ignorance is to _ as diffusion of responsibility is to _.

John Darley and Daniel Batson (1973)conducted a study in which participants were provided the opportunity to help when they were on their way to deliver a brief speech on the Good Samaritan or on another topic.These researchers found that _ because _.

In analyzing gender differences in prosocial behaviour,helping that involves _ is likely to be performed by _.