Exam 10: Prosocial Behaviour

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Kyla is opposed to rewarding her children when they behave in prosocial ways with others.She asks you about some alternatives to tangible rewards.You've just read Chapter 10 (Prosocial Behaviour).What would you suggest?

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Mary Harris and her colleagues (Harris,Benson,& Hall,1975)found that churchgoers were more likely to donate to charity before they attended confession than after,presumably because the act of confession

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According to Nobel laureate Herbert Simon (1990),norms such as the reciprocity norm that encourages altruism have become part of human cultures because

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Paul Amato (1983)staged an incident in which a man fell down with a cry of pain and raised his pant leg to reveal a bloody injury.The staged scene was repeated in both rural and urban areas.When Amato counted the number of passersby who stopped to help the man,he found that

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Men are more likely to help in _______,whereas women are likely to help in _______.

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According to evolutionary theory (Darwin,1859),natural selection favours genes that promote individual survival.This tenet is most troublesome in explaining

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In explaining the process by which kin selection works to encourage altruism,evolutionary psychologists would argue that

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Social exchange theory would have the most trouble explaining which of the following helping situations?

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You ask your brother if you can borrow his car for a date on Saturday night.Before handing over the keys,he asks in jest,"What's in it for me?" His question best reflects _______ as applied to prosocial behaviour.

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Reuben has three cats at home and doesn't want another one.Still,on the way home from work,he stops to rescue a kitten from the highway and decides to adopt it.This is an example of _______ behaviour.

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Do men and women differ in their tendency to help? If so,how?

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Charles Darwin,an evolutionary theorist,found it difficult to explain altruism.From an evolutionary perspective,it would seem that over centuries and generations,altruistic behaviours would _______ because _______.

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Gillian is sitting in a crowded coffee shop when she hears the squeal of brakes and the crash of metal-on-metal.She looks around and notices that all the other customers remain engrossed in their conversations.Because these cool and calm responses _______,Gillian will be _______.

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_______ refers to any act that someone performs in order to benefit another person.

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According to the authors,providing _______ can lead to _______.

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Participants in an experiment by Miho Toi and Daniel Batson (1982)listened to an (alleged)radio interview in which Carol,a student in their Introductory Psychology class,described an accident that caused her to fall behind in the course.Some participants were encouraged to empathize with her,while others were encouraged to listen objectively to the interview.Some participants in each of these two groups were led to believe that Carol would be returning to their psychology course,while others were led to believe that she would finish out the term at home,so they would never see her.Toi and Batson found that when participants _______,their decision to help was guided by _______.

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According to the evolutionary psychology notion of kin selection,if he feels equally close to all of them,Bob is most likely to help

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Which of the following is a valid critique of the evolutionary notion of kin selection? We might sacrifice to save people closely related to us because

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Which of the following evolutionary psychology explanations for altruism is most closely tied to the psychological concept of learning?

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An evolutionary psychologist named J.B.S.Hildane once jested,"I would give up my life for two siblings or eight cousins." Why would he say that?

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