Question 1

Allen volunteers to visit the homes of AIDS patients because those visits help him forget about his own problems.This is an example of _______ behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A)  tit-for-tat 
B)  prosocial 
C)  altruistic 
D)  reciprocal 
E)  self-sacrificing 
A)  tit-for-tat 
B)  prosocial 
C)  altruistic 
D)  reciprocal 
E)  self-sacrificing

Question 2

Norenzayan and colleagues' study on the effect of priming participants about religion found that

Accepted Answer

A)  priming religious concepts did not lead to prosocial behaviour. 
B)  priming religious concepts was just as effective at encouraging prosocial behaviour as priming participants about kindness. 
C)  priming religious concepts leads people to behave more prosocially. 
D)  priming participants to think about kindness was more effective at encouraging prosocial behaviour than priming them about religion. 
E)  priming almost never affects people's behaviour. 
A)  priming religious concepts did not lead to prosocial behaviour. 
B)  priming religious concepts was just as effective at encouraging prosocial behaviour as priming participants about kindness. 
C)  priming religious concepts leads people to behave more prosocially. 
D)  priming participants to think about kindness was more effective at encouraging prosocial behaviour than priming them about religion. 
E)  priming almost never affects people's behaviour.

Question 3

Research in which subjects were primed with the concept of God or morality showed that

Accepted Answer

A)  self-awareness makes people feel guilty and become less generous. 
B)  reminding people of God makes them more judgmental and less generous. 
C)  putting people in a good mood increases their generosity. 
D)  reminding people of their moral values increases their self-awareness and their generosity. 
E)  reminding people of their moral values puts them in a bad mood which decreases their generosity. 
A)  self-awareness makes people feel guilty and become less generous. 
B)  reminding people of God makes them more judgmental and less generous. 
C)  putting people in a good mood increases their generosity. 
D)  reminding people of their moral values increases their self-awareness and their generosity. 
E)  reminding people of their moral values puts them in a bad mood which decreases their generosity.

Question 4

Based on research by Piff and colleagues (2010),what can we say about the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES)and prosocial behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)  No differences were found in prosocial behaviour based on SES. 
B)  Both those high in SES and those low in SES were more likely to be prosocial than those in the mid-range. 
C)  Those low in SES were more prosocial than those high in SES. 
D)  Those high in SES were more prosocial than those low in SES. 
E)  Those in the mid-range of SES were more prosocial than those high or low in SES. 
A)  No differences were found in prosocial behaviour based on SES. 
B)  Both those high in SES and those low in SES were more likely to be prosocial than those in the mid-range. 
C)  Those low in SES were more prosocial than those high in SES. 
D)  Those high in SES were more prosocial than those low in SES. 
E)  Those in the mid-range of SES were more prosocial than those high or low in SES.

Question 5

The basic assumption of social exchange theory is that we will help others when

Accepted Answer

A)  they have already helped us. 
B)  they are similar to us. 
C)  the rewards outweigh the costs. 
D)  when the costs are low. 
E)  the rewards are high. 
A)  they have already helped us. 
B)  they are similar to us. 
C)  the rewards outweigh the costs. 
D)  when the costs are low. 
E)  the rewards are high.

Question 6

Whereas _______ is any act performed to benefit another,_______ is such an act performed with no regard for one's safety or interests.

Accepted Answer

A)  altruism; self-sacrifice 
B)  prosocial behaviour; altruism 
C)  altruism; prosocial behaviour 
D)  self-sacrifice; altruism 
E)  prosocial behaviour; self-sacrifice 
A)  altruism; self-sacrifice 
B)  prosocial behaviour; altruism 
C)  altruism; prosocial behaviour 
D)  self-sacrifice; altruism 
E)  prosocial behaviour; self-sacrifice

Question 7

_______ refers to the ability to experience events or emotions from another person's perspective.

Accepted Answer

A)  Reactance 
B)  Empathy 
C)  Identification 
D)  Altruism 
E)  Transference 
A)  Reactance 
B)  Empathy 
C)  Identification 
D)  Altruism 
E)  Transference

Question 8

Timothy just got into a big fight with his girlfriend and as a result he is in a bad mood.When Kate asks him to contribute to her charity organization,Timothy readily agrees,which makes him feel better.Moments later when Mark asks Timothy to help him unload some things from Mark's car,Timothy refuses.Timothy's behaviour can best be explained by the

Accepted Answer

A)  negative-state relief hypothesis. 
B)  empathy-altruism hypothesis. 
C)  diffusion of responsibility effect. 
D)  emotional inconsistency effect. 
E)  social exchange effect. 
A)  negative-state relief hypothesis. 
B)  empathy-altruism hypothesis. 
C)  diffusion of responsibility effect. 
D)  emotional inconsistency effect. 
E)  social exchange effect.

Question 9

One powerful way parents can encourage prosocial behaviours in their children is to reward helping behaviour with praise and hugs.This statement is consistent with a _______ explanation for altruism.

Accepted Answer

A)  reciprocation 
B)  self perception 
C)  modelling 
D)  kinship selection 
E)  social exchange 
A)  reciprocation 
B)  self perception 
C)  modelling 
D)  kinship selection 
E)  social exchange

Question 10

Alice Isen and Paul Levin (1972)found that mall shoppers who found dimes were more likely to help a stranger pick up papers he had dropped.These results suggest that

Accepted Answer

A)  participants thought the money belonged to the man and wanted to return it. 
B)  the dime primed participants to think about the possible monetary rewards of helping. 
C)  thinking happy thoughts enhances both mood and helping. 
D)  finding a dime instead of a quarter disappointed people, and this negative mood increased helping. 
E)  finding a dime put people in a good mood and increased their helping. 
A)  participants thought the money belonged to the man and wanted to return it. 
B)  the dime primed participants to think about the possible monetary rewards of helping. 
C)  thinking happy thoughts enhances both mood and helping. 
D)  finding a dime instead of a quarter disappointed people, and this negative mood increased helping. 
E)  finding a dime put people in a good mood and increased their helping.

Question 11

A number of studies have revealed that doing well on a test,receiving a gift,and listening to pleasant music can increase helping.These consistent findings across investigations suggest that when _______ they are _______ likely to help.

Accepted Answer

A)  someone is in a good mood; less 
B)  someone is in a good mood; more 
C)  someone is in a bad mood; more 
D)  someone is in a bad mood; less 
E)  someone's mood changes; less 
A)  someone is in a good mood; less 
B)  someone is in a good mood; more 
C)  someone is in a bad mood; more 
D)  someone is in a bad mood; less 
E)  someone's mood changes; less

Question 12

Amos has just received a good grade on his calculus exam.He's in a great mood and thinks to himself,"School's going well,my relationship with Carrie is going great.It's a wonderful world!" On the way out of the building,he finds that a bicyclist has hit a pedestrian,so he hurries over to help the fallen person.This example best illustrates which of the three reasons why positive mood enhances helping?

Accepted Answer

A)  We are motivated to prolong our good moods and helping does that. 
B)  We are motivated to put others in a good mood when we are in a good mood. 
C)  Good mood decrease self-attention, increasing the odds that we will notice another's distress. 
D)  Good moods enhance self-esteem, which leads to helping. 
E)  Good moods make us look on the brighter side of life, so we are more generous in our attributions. 
A)  We are motivated to prolong our good moods and helping does that. 
B)  We are motivated to put others in a good mood when we are in a good mood. 
C)  Good mood decrease self-attention, increasing the odds that we will notice another's distress. 
D)  Good moods enhance self-esteem, which leads to helping. 
E)  Good moods make us look on the brighter side of life, so we are more generous in our attributions.

Question 13

According to Daniel Batson (1991),when people experience empathy with another in need,_______ motivates helping.

Accepted Answer

A)  maximizing rewards 
B)  passing their genes to the next generation 
C)  making a difference in the world 
D)  minimizing costs 
E)  helping others independent of self-interest 
A)  maximizing rewards 
B)  passing their genes to the next generation 
C)  making a difference in the world 
D)  minimizing costs 
E)  helping others independent of self-interest

Question 14

In John Darley's and Bibb Latané's (1968)classic "seizure" experiment,participants were more likely to help the (alleged)seizure victim (and to help more quickly)when they believed that

Accepted Answer

A)  there were four other students listening. 
B)  the experimenter was unaware of what was going on. 
C)  they were the only one listening. 
D)  they would later meet the victim face-to-face. 
E)  the victim was in serious danger. 
A)  there were four other students listening. 
B)  the experimenter was unaware of what was going on. 
C)  they were the only one listening. 
D)  they would later meet the victim face-to-face. 
E)  the victim was in serious danger.

Question 15

Compared to those in individualist cultures,people in interdependent cultures are

Accepted Answer

A)  less likely to engage in prosocial behaviour. 
B)  more likely to engage in prosocial behaviour. 
C)  less likely to engage in heroic acts, but more likely to engage in sustained helping. 
D)  more likely to help in-group members, but less likely to help out-group members. 
E)  equally likely to help out-group members. 
A)  less likely to engage in prosocial behaviour. 
B)  more likely to engage in prosocial behaviour. 
C)  less likely to engage in heroic acts, but more likely to engage in sustained helping. 
D)  more likely to help in-group members, but less likely to help out-group members. 
E)  equally likely to help out-group members.

Question 16

According to the authors,one powerful way to instill helpfulness in children is to

Accepted Answer

A)  instruct them that helping others is the right thing to do. 
B)  scaffold successive approximations to altruism. 
C)  remind them to empathize with others. 
D)  reward prosocial acts with praise and hugs. 
E)  punish selfish acts and reward helpful acts. 
A)  instruct them that helping others is the right thing to do. 
B)  scaffold successive approximations to altruism. 
C)  remind them to empathize with others. 
D)  reward prosocial acts with praise and hugs. 
E)  punish selfish acts and reward helpful acts.

Question 17

A principal theory in social psychology is social exchange theory (Homans,1961; Thibaut & Kelley,1959).According to this theory,we will be most likely to help others

Accepted Answer

A)  for whom we feel empathy. 
B)  who are dissimilar to us. 
C)  who are closely related to us. 
D)  when the benefits outweigh the costs. 
E)  who are similar to us. 
A)  for whom we feel empathy. 
B)  who are dissimilar to us. 
C)  who are closely related to us. 
D)  when the benefits outweigh the costs. 
E)  who are similar to us.

Question 18

It would seem reasonable to assume that people from interdependent cultures,in which people feel more "connected" to others,would be more likely to help than people from individualistic cultures.Explain why it is not quite that simple and straightforward.

Accepted Answer

Before one considers the role of culture

Question 19

In trying to understand why Andie would help someone who lived close to her,_______ would ask,"Was this person genetically related to Andie?"

Accepted Answer

A)  an evolutionary psychologist 
B)  a proponent of social exchange theory 
C)  a self-esteem theorist 
D)  a reciprocity psychologist 
E)  a developmental psychologist 
A)  an evolutionary psychologist 
B)  a proponent of social exchange theory 
C)  a self-esteem theorist 
D)  a reciprocity psychologist 
E)  a developmental psychologist

Question 20

According to research supporting the overjustification effect (e.g.,Grusec et al.,1979),if you want to encourage children to behave in prosocial ways toward each other,you should

Accepted Answer

A)  promise them tangible rewards, like stickers, if they are nice to each other. 
B)  commend them and tell them how wonderful you think they are after they have been nice to each other. 
C)  require them to be nice to each other. 
D)  punish them if they do not engage in prosocial behaviours. 
E)  try not to interfere with their interactions. 
A)  promise them tangible rewards, like stickers, if they are nice to each other. 
B)  commend them and tell them how wonderful you think they are after they have been nice to each other. 
C)  require them to be nice to each other. 
D)  punish them if they do not engage in prosocial behaviours. 
E)  try not to interfere with their interactions.

Allen volunteers to visit the homes of AIDS patients because those visits help him forget about his own problems.This is an example of _______ behaviour.

Norenzayan and colleagues' study on the effect of priming participants about religion found that

Research in which subjects were primed with the concept of God or morality showed that

Based on research by Piff and colleagues (2010),what can we say about the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES)and prosocial behaviour?

The basic assumption of social exchange theory is that we will help others when

Whereas _ is any act performed to benefit another,_ is such an act performed with no regard for one's safety or interests.

_______ refers to the ability to experience events or emotions from another person's perspective.

One powerful way parents can encourage prosocial behaviours in their children is to reward helping behaviour with praise and hugs.This statement is consistent with a _______ explanation for altruism.

Alice Isen and Paul Levin (1972)found that mall shoppers who found dimes were more likely to help a stranger pick up papers he had dropped.These results suggest that

A number of studies have revealed that doing well on a test,receiving a gift,and listening to pleasant music can increase helping.These consistent findings across investigations suggest that when _ they are _ likely to help.

According to Daniel Batson (1991),when people experience empathy with another in need,_______ motivates helping.

In John Darley's and Bibb Latané's (1968)classic "seizure" experiment,participants were more likely to help the (alleged)seizure victim (and to help more quickly)when they believed that

Compared to those in individualist cultures,people in interdependent cultures are

According to the authors,one powerful way to instill helpfulness in children is to

A principal theory in social psychology is social exchange theory (Homans,1961; Thibaut & Kelley,1959).According to this theory,we will be most likely to help others

It would seem reasonable to assume that people from interdependent cultures,in which people feel more "connected" to others,would be more likely to help than people from individualistic cultures.Explain why it is not quite that simple and straightforward.

In trying to understand why Andie would help someone who lived close to her,_______ would ask,"Was this person genetically related to Andie?"

According to research supporting the overjustification effect (e.g.,Grusec et al.,1979),if you want to encourage children to behave in prosocial ways toward each other,you should

Introduction to Social Psychology

Methodology

Social Cognition

Social Perception

The Self Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Attitudes and Attitude Change

Conformity

Group Processes

Interpersonal Attraction

Aggression

Prejudice

Social Psychology in Action 1

Social Psychology in Action 2

Social Psychology in Action 3

Filters

Exam 10: Prosocial Behaviour

Allen volunteers to visit the homes of AIDS patients because those visits help him forget about his own problems.This is an example of _______ behaviour.

Norenzayan and colleagues' study on the effect of priming participants about religion found that

Research in which subjects were primed with the concept of God or morality showed that

Based on research by Piff and colleagues (2010),what can we say about the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES)and prosocial behaviour?

The basic assumption of social exchange theory is that we will help others when

Whereas _______ is any act performed to benefit another,_______ is such an act performed with no regard for one's safety or interests.

_______ refers to the ability to experience events or emotions from another person's perspective.

One powerful way parents can encourage prosocial behaviours in their children is to reward helping behaviour with praise and hugs.This statement is consistent with a _______ explanation for altruism.

Alice Isen and Paul Levin (1972)found that mall shoppers who found dimes were more likely to help a stranger pick up papers he had dropped.These results suggest that

A number of studies have revealed that doing well on a test,receiving a gift,and listening to pleasant music can increase helping.These consistent findings across investigations suggest that when _______ they are _______ likely to help.

According to Daniel Batson (1991),when people experience empathy with another in need,_______ motivates helping.

In John Darley's and Bibb Latané's (1968)classic "seizure" experiment,participants were more likely to help the (alleged)seizure victim (and to help more quickly)when they believed that

Compared to those in individualist cultures,people in interdependent cultures are

According to the authors,one powerful way to instill helpfulness in children is to

A principal theory in social psychology is social exchange theory (Homans,1961; Thibaut & Kelley,1959).According to this theory,we will be most likely to help others

It would seem reasonable to assume that people from interdependent cultures,in which people feel more "connected" to others,would be more likely to help than people from individualistic cultures.Explain why it is not quite that simple and straightforward.

In trying to understand why Andie would help someone who lived close to her,_______ would ask,"Was this person genetically related to Andie?"

According to research supporting the overjustification effect (e.g.,Grusec et al.,1979),if you want to encourage children to behave in prosocial ways toward each other,you should

Introduction to Social Psychology

Methodology

Social Cognition

Social Perception

The Self Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Attitudes and Attitude Change

Conformity

Group Processes

Interpersonal Attraction

Aggression

Prejudice

Social Psychology in Action 1

Social Psychology in Action 2

Social Psychology in Action 3

Filters

Whereas _ is any act performed to benefit another,_ is such an act performed with no regard for one's safety or interests.

A number of studies have revealed that doing well on a test,receiving a gift,and listening to pleasant music can increase helping.These consistent findings across investigations suggest that when _ they are _ likely to help.