Exam 14: Making Use of Associations Tests

A correlation coefficient merely investigates the presence,strength,and direction of a linear relationship between two variables.

The situation in which one variable is associated with another variable,but in this case the relationship is described by a curve rather than a straight line describes what type of relationship?

________,first determine the type of relationship,and then perform the appropriate statistical test.

What is the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient? How does the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient indicate not only degree of association but also the direction?

Researchers may know whether the relationship between variables is positive or negative.However,when a researcher refers to ________,it means they know the general nature of the relationship.

Bar charts can be used to"see"a nonmonotonic relationship.

________ often provide researchers with insights that lead to understanding even though they are not cause-and-effect relationships.

Rules of thumb exist concerning the strength of a correlation based on its absolute size.

Associations can be characterized by presence,direction,and strength,depending on the scaling assumptions of the questions being compared.Discuss how these characteristics are readily seen in correlation analysis.

Within the guidelines on the reporting of correlation findings,marketing researchers usually have a"target"or a"focal"variable in mind,and they look at correlations of other variables of interest with this target variable.

Pearson product moment correlation and other linear association correlation coefficients indicate not only the degree of association but the direction as well.

Researchers should follow a procedure for reporting correlation findings with one of the primary guidelines being that the researcher must test to determine that a significant correlation has been found before reporting it.

Losing sight of this step is entirely possible when a statistical analysis program issues a great many correlations often in a layout that is confusing to first-time data analysts:

What are some of the special considerations researchers must consider when performing association analyses such as correlations and cross-tabulations?

There is an orderly procedure for determining the presence,direction,and strength of a relationship.Outline and briefly discuss the six steps involved in the procedure for analyzing the relationship between two variables.

In using the Pearson product moment correlation,negative correlation coefficients reveal that the relationship is opposite: As one variable increases,the other variable increases.

If a Chi-square analysis yielded a .02 significance level for the null hypothesis,the researcher would conclude that only 2% of the time would he or she find evidence to support the null hypothesis.Since the null hypothesis is not supported,this means there:

A ________ is one in which the presence(or absence)of a label for one variable is systematically associated with the presence(or absence)of a label for another variable.

________ are useful because they determine if there is a consistent and systematic relationship between the presence(label)or amount(level)of one variable and the presence(label)or amount(level)of another variable.

A ________ allows a researcher to visually inspect the plotted points and possibly to spot a systematic nonlinear relationship.