Exam 14: Making Use of Associations Tests

What type of analysis includes the examination of frequencies for two nominally scaled variables in a cross-tabulation table to determine whether the variables have a statistically significant nonmonotonic relationship?

Strong associations are those in which there is a high probability that the two variables will exhibit independent relationships,regardless of the type of relationship being analyzed.

________ are the actual cell counts in the cross-tabulation table.

The Pearson product moment correlation measures the circular relationship between two interval-and/or ratio-scaled variables(scale variables)such as those depicted conceptually by Venn diagrams.

To reveal the nonmonotonic relationships found to be significant in cross-tabulation tables,researchers often turn to ________,which show the relationships very adequately.

When a researcher uses the Pearson product moment correlation,two highly correlated variables will appear on a scatter diagram as what?

The Chi-square test statistic summarizes how close to the expected frequencies the observed cell frequencies are found to be.

A cross-tabulation table is sometimes referred to as an"r × c"(r-by-c)table.

In a nonmonotonic relationship,only the general pattern of presence or absence is known.

A handy graphical tool that illustrates a nonmonotonic relationship is a ________ in which two variables are accommodated simultaneously.

________ indicates not only the degree of association but the direction as well-the sign of the correlation coefficient indicates the direction of the relationship.

The correlation for a ball-shaped scatter diagram is zero because there is no discernable linear relationship.

Depending on its type,a relationship can usually be characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:

________ means the researcher knows if the relationship between variables is positive or negative.

Raw percentages are row frequencies divided by the grand total.

A ________ describes the situation in which knowledge of the amount of one variable will automatically yield knowledge of the amount of the other variable as a consequence.

A cross-classification table can have four types of numbers in each cell: frequency,raw percentage,column percentage,and row percentage.

Correlation will not detect ________ between variables.

In reporting correlation findings,researchers should keep in mind that they must adhere to the marketing research industry standard on how to report statistically significant correlations to clients.

Any correlation that is equal to or greater than the absolute value of .20 is typically uninteresting to marketing researchers because it rarely identifies a meaningful association between two variables.