Question 1

Which of the following aspects of nature reveals itself completely at birth?

Accepted Answer

A) attractiveness 
B) nearsightedness 
C) brain damage 
D) intelligence 
E) None of these aspects of nature reveals itself completely at birth. 
A) attractiveness 
B) nearsightedness 
C) brain damage 
D) intelligence 
E) None of these aspects of nature reveals itself completely at birth.

Question 2

Babies who grow up in African tribes that strongly encourage infants' motor development tend to walk and reach other motor milestones earlier than do infants in the United States. This is an example of the effect of_______ on development.

Accepted Answer

A) change mechanisms 
B) historical change 
C) discontinuity 
D) the sociocultural context 
A) change mechanisms 
B) historical change 
C) discontinuity 
D) the sociocultural context

Question 3

Development is:

Accepted Answer

A) strictly continuous. 
B) strictly discontinuous. 
C) neither continuous nor discontinuous. 
D) both continuous and discontinuous. 
A) strictly continuous. 
B) strictly discontinuous. 
C) neither continuous nor discontinuous. 
D) both continuous and discontinuous.

Question 4

Fetuses learning taste preferences from their mother's diet during pregnancy is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) the predominance of nature in development. 
B) the interaction of nature and nurture. 
C) the predominance of nurture in development. 
D) how timing is crucial in certain aspects of development. 
A) the predominance of nature in development. 
B) the interaction of nature and nurture. 
C) the predominance of nurture in development. 
D) how timing is crucial in certain aspects of development.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true about cognitive mechanisms of change?

Accepted Answer

A) Both general and domain-specific cognitive learning mechanisms exist to influence development. 
B) Only general cognitive learning mechanisms, and not domain-specific cognitive learning mechanisms, exist to help children learn. 
C) Only domain-specific cognitive learning mechanisms, and not general cognitive learning mechanisms, exist to help children learn. 
D) It is unclear whether the cognitive learning mechanisms that children use are general or domain- specific. 
A) Both general and domain-specific cognitive learning mechanisms exist to influence development. 
B) Only general cognitive learning mechanisms, and not domain-specific cognitive learning mechanisms, exist to help children learn. 
C) Only domain-specific cognitive learning mechanisms, and not general cognitive learning mechanisms, exist to help children learn. 
D) It is unclear whether the cognitive learning mechanisms that children use are general or domain- specific.

Question 6

The fact that you can't predict how fast a runner a newborn infant will be is best summarized by the idea that:

Accepted Answer

A) nature doesn't reveal itself all at once. 
B) everything influences everything. 
C) timing matters. 
D) nature elicits nurture. 
A) nature doesn't reveal itself all at once. 
B) everything influences everything. 
C) timing matters. 
D) nature elicits nurture.

Question 7

Before taking this course, what were your beliefs about whether development is generally gradual and continuous, or disjointed and discontinuous? What have you learned in this course that has either supported your beliefs or failed to support them? Be specific and provide detailed examples.

Accepted Answer

Before taking this course, I believed th

Question 8

Which of the following variables is NOT an example of the sociocultural context of development?

Accepted Answer

A) the economic circumstances in which children live 
B) the country in which children live 
C) the time period in which children live 
D) All are examples of the sociocultural context of development. 
A) the economic circumstances in which children live 
B) the country in which children live 
C) the time period in which children live 
D) All are examples of the sociocultural context of development.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true about the stability of individual differences in the intellectual domain and in the social domain?

Accepted Answer

A) Neither domain shows a great deal of stability. 
B) The intellectual domain shows a great deal of
stability, but the social domain does not. 
C) The social domain shows a great deal of stability, but the intellectual domain does not. 
D) Both domains show some stability, but stability is greater in the intellectual domain. 
A) Neither domain shows a great deal of stability. 
B) The intellectual domain shows a great deal of
stability, but the social domain does not. 
C) The social domain shows a great deal of stability, but the intellectual domain does not. 
D) Both domains show some stability, but stability is greater in the intellectual domain.

Question 10

Which of the following actions is a key component of the importance of children eliciting reactions from other people?

Accepted Answer

A) The reactions then shape the child's own behavior. 
B) Children's elicitation of reactions from other people decrease over time. 
C) The reactions then shape the other people's development. 
D) All of the answers are key components. 
A) The reactions then shape the child's own behavior. 
B) Children's elicitation of reactions from other people decrease over time. 
C) The reactions then shape the other people's development. 
D) All of the answers are key components.

Question 11

An example of a biological change mechanism would be:

Accepted Answer

A) habituating to hearing "baby." 
B) imitating a parent. 
C) neurogenesis. 
D) watching a teacher. 
A) habituating to hearing "baby." 
B) imitating a parent. 
C) neurogenesis. 
D) watching a teacher.

Question 12

Which of the variables would probably be most interesting to researchers interested in individual differences?

Accepted Answer

A) Variable A, which is stable over time and has few concurrent associations with other variables 
B) Variable B, which has many concurrent associations and changes drastically over short time periods 
C) Variable C, which is stable over time and is related to few individual differences over time 
D) Variable D, which has many concurrent associations and remains stable over time 
A) Variable A, which is stable over time and has few concurrent associations with other variables 
B) Variable B, which has many concurrent associations and changes drastically over short time periods 
C) Variable C, which is stable over time and is related to few individual differences over time 
D) Variable D, which has many concurrent associations and remains stable over time

Question 13

Which is NOT a behavioral change mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A) habituation 
B) conditioning 
C) statistical learning 
D) differentiation 
A) habituation 
B) conditioning 
C) statistical learning 
D) differentiation

Question 14

Which of the following sentences is NOT an example of how children elicit reactions from other people?

Accepted Answer

A) Attractive babies are treated more affectionately than are unattractive babies. 
B) Children with difficult temperaments are treated less positively by their parents than are children with easy temperaments. 
C) Children who show an interest in learning are more likely to be given extra assignments from their teachers than are children who do not show an interest in learning. 
D) Children whose parents exhibit high levels of conflict are more likely to receive poor-quality parenting. 
A) Attractive babies are treated more affectionately than are unattractive babies. 
B) Children with difficult temperaments are treated less positively by their parents than are children with easy temperaments. 
C) Children who show an interest in learning are more likely to be given extra assignments from their teachers than are children who do not show an interest in learning. 
D) Children whose parents exhibit high levels of conflict are more likely to receive poor-quality parenting.

Question 15

The development of effortful attention involves the contributions of genes, neurotransmitters, interconnections among brain areas, and the external environment. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) change mechanisms working at odds to one another. 
B) change mechanisms working together. 
C) the predominance of biological change mechanisms. 
D) learning mechanisms being domain-specific. 
A) change mechanisms working at odds to one another. 
B) change mechanisms working together. 
C) the predominance of biological change mechanisms. 
D) learning mechanisms being domain-specific.

Question 16

Toddlers' and preschoolers' continuous "why"
questions exemplify children's:

Accepted Answer

A) self-initiated activity. 
B) ability to self-regulate. 
C) active interpretation of experience. 
D) influence on other people's behavior. 
A) self-initiated activity. 
B) ability to self-regulate. 
C) active interpretation of experience. 
D) influence on other people's behavior.

Question 17

Which is correct about the influence of nature and nurture?

Accepted Answer

A) Nurture has an influence only after birth. 
B) Only nature's influence is apparent in a child's early years. 
C) Nature and nurture influence each other. 
D) Neither nature nor nurture matter in development. 
A) Nurture has an influence only after birth. 
B) Only nature's influence is apparent in a child's early years. 
C) Nature and nurture influence each other. 
D) Neither nature nor nurture matter in development.

Question 18

Which is NOT an assumption shared by child development stage theories?

Accepted Answer

A) The stages are qualitatively distinct. 
B) When children are in a given stage, a broad range of their behavior exhibits the features characteristic of that stage. 
C) The transitions between stages are slow. 
D) The stages occur in the same order for all children. 
A) The stages are qualitatively distinct. 
B) When children are in a given stage, a broad range of their behavior exhibits the features characteristic of that stage. 
C) The transitions between stages are slow. 
D) The stages occur in the same order for all children.

Question 19

Ms. Chalk's class is confused about how caterpillars turn into butterflies. Ms. Chalk needs to identify the source of this misunderstanding before she can clarify the class's confusion. Which theory would help her figure this out?

Accepted Answer

A) Piaget's theory 
B) information-processing theory 
C) core-knowledge theory 
D) All of these theories would help Ms. Chalk identify the source of her class's confusion about how caterpillars turn into butterflies. 
A) Piaget's theory 
B) information-processing theory 
C) core-knowledge theory 
D) All of these theories would help Ms. Chalk identify the source of her class's confusion about how caterpillars turn into butterflies.

Question 20

Which is least important in assessing the dimension of an individual difference?

Accepted Answer

A) breadth of related characteristics 
B) cultural relevance 
C) stability over time 
D) predictive value 
A) breadth of related characteristics 
B) cultural relevance 
C) stability over time 
D) predictive value

Which of the following aspects of nature reveals itself completely at birth?

Babies who grow up in African tribes that strongly encourage infants' motor development tend to walk and reach other motor milestones earlier than do infants in the United States. This is an example of the effect of_______ on development.

Development is:

Fetuses learning taste preferences from their mother's diet during pregnancy is an example of:

Which of the following statements is true about cognitive mechanisms of change?

The fact that you can't predict how fast a runner a newborn infant will be is best summarized by the idea that:

Before taking this course, what were your beliefs about whether development is generally gradual and continuous, or disjointed and discontinuous? What have you learned in this course that has either supported your beliefs or failed to support them? Be specific and provide detailed examples.

Which of the following variables is NOT an example of the sociocultural context of development?

Which of the following statements is true about the stability of individual differences in the intellectual domain and in the social domain?

Which of the following actions is a key component of the importance of children eliciting reactions from other people?

An example of a biological change mechanism would be:

Which of the variables would probably be most interesting to researchers interested in individual differences?

Which is NOT a behavioral change mechanism?

Which of the following sentences is NOT an example of how children elicit reactions from other people?

The development of effortful attention involves the contributions of genes, neurotransmitters, interconnections among brain areas, and the external environment. This is an example of:

Toddlers' and preschoolers' continuous "why" questions exemplify children's:

Which is correct about the influence of nature and nurture?

Which is NOT an assumption shared by child development stage theories?

Ms. Chalk's class is confused about how caterpillars turn into butterflies. Ms. Chalk needs to identify the source of this misunderstanding before she can clarify the class's confusion. Which theory would help her figure this out?

Which is least important in assessing the dimension of an individual difference?

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Filters

Exam 16: Conclusions

Which of the following aspects of nature reveals itself completely at birth?

Babies who grow up in African tribes that strongly encourage infants' motor development tend to walk and reach other motor milestones earlier than do infants in the United States. This is an example of the effect of_______ on development.

Development is:

Fetuses learning taste preferences from their mother's diet during pregnancy is an example of:

Which of the following statements is true about cognitive mechanisms of change?

The fact that you can't predict how fast a runner a newborn infant will be is best summarized by the idea that:

Before taking this course, what were your beliefs about whether development is generally gradual and continuous, or disjointed and discontinuous? What have you learned in this course that has either supported your beliefs or failed to support them? Be specific and provide detailed examples.

Which of the following variables is NOT an example of the sociocultural context of development?

Which of the following statements is true about the stability of individual differences in the intellectual domain and in the social domain?

Which of the following actions is a key component of the importance of children eliciting reactions from other people?

An example of a biological change mechanism would be:

Which of the variables would probably be most interesting to researchers interested in individual differences?

Which is NOT a behavioral change mechanism?

Which of the following sentences is NOT an example of how children elicit reactions from other people?

The development of effortful attention involves the contributions of genes, neurotransmitters, interconnections among brain areas, and the external environment. This is an example of:

Toddlers' and preschoolers' continuous "why" questions exemplify children's:

Which is correct about the influence of nature and nurture?

Which is NOT an assumption shared by child development stage theories?

Ms. Chalk's class is confused about how caterpillars turn into butterflies. Ms. Chalk needs to identify the source of this misunderstanding before she can clarify the class's confusion. Which theory would help her figure this out?

Which is least important in assessing the dimension of an individual difference?

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Filters