Question 1

According to the text, which is NOT a factor in how children become different over time?

Accepted Answer

A) a child's current status on dimensions predict future dimensions 
B) stability of a dimension over time 
C) height 
D) a child's current status on a dimension 
A) a child's current status on dimensions predict future dimensions 
B) stability of a dimension over time 
C) height 
D) a child's current status on a dimension

Question 2

Which theory helps educators understand children's informal theories?

Accepted Answer

A) Piaget's theory 
B) information-processing theory 
C) core-knowledge theory 
D) sociocultural theory 
A) Piaget's theory 
B) information-processing theory 
C) core-knowledge theory 
D) sociocultural theory

Question 3

Which of the following statements is NOT an example of nature eliciting nurture?

Accepted Answer

A) Parents of negative, unregulated children may become increasingly punitive over time. 
B) Fetuses' exposure to their mothers' voices in the womb leads to their learning to prefer their mothers' voices over those of other women. 
C) Children who are attractive are treated differently by adults and peers than children who are unattractive. 
D) Babies who enjoy being cuddled are more likely to receive cuddling than are squirmy babies. 
A) Parents of negative, unregulated children may become increasingly punitive over time. 
B) Fetuses' exposure to their mothers' voices in the womb leads to their learning to prefer their mothers' voices over those of other women. 
C) Children who are attractive are treated differently by adults and peers than children who are unattractive. 
D) Babies who enjoy being cuddled are more likely to receive cuddling than are squirmy babies.

Question 4

Which of the following words of advice is an implication of psychological research for parenting?

Accepted Answer

A) Pay little attention to children's characteristics when disciplining; simply discipline as you see fit. 
B) Determine which decisions are really important. 
C) Allow children to develop on their own without much guidance from you. 
D) Do not worry a great deal about choosing a partner, as most couples end up divorced anyway. 
A) Pay little attention to children's characteristics when disciplining; simply discipline as you see fit. 
B) Determine which decisions are really important. 
C) Allow children to develop on their own without much guidance from you. 
D) Do not worry a great deal about choosing a partner, as most couples end up divorced anyway.

Question 5

Which of the following behaviors is an example of self- initiated activity in the domain of gendered behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) gender segregation 
B) parents' rewarding of gender-appropriate behavior 
C) teachers' practice of calling on boys more than girls 
D) All of these are examples of self-initiated activity in the domain of gendered behavior. 
A) gender segregation 
B) parents' rewarding of gender-appropriate behavior 
C) teachers' practice of calling on boys more than girls 
D) All of these are examples of self-initiated activity in the domain of gendered behavior.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about historical changes in the United States is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Nearly all historical changes have improved the lives of children. 
B) Nearly all historical changes have worsened the
lives of children. 
C) Nearly all historical changes have not affected the lives of children for better or for worse. 
D) Some historical changes are positive, some are negative, and some make life different, but neither better nor worse. 
A) Nearly all historical changes have improved the lives of children. 
B) Nearly all historical changes have worsened the
lives of children. 
C) Nearly all historical changes have not affected the lives of children for better or for worse. 
D) Some historical changes are positive, some are negative, and some make life different, but neither better nor worse.

Question 7

Whether one primarily sees continuities or discontinuities in development is, to a great deal, dependent on which of the following factors?

Accepted Answer

A) domain of development 
B) whether one is looking at infants, young children, older children, or adolescents 
C) the breadth of one's focus 
D) whether one considers nature or nurture to be at the core of development 
A) domain of development 
B) whether one is looking at infants, young children, older children, or adolescents 
C) the breadth of one's focus 
D) whether one considers nature or nurture to be at the core of development

Question 8

Imagine two of your friends are arguing about whether nature or nurture is more important in human development. One friend argues that nature is more important and that nurture only influences children's development in minor ways. The other friend insists that nurture is more important and that any two children placed in the same environment will develop in nearly the same manner. Your friends then ask for your opinion. Are you able to answer the question of whether nature or nurture is more important? Why or why not? What have you learned in this course that can convince your friends of your position? Give at least three examples and be specific in your argument.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Imagine two of your friends are arguing...

Question 9

Which of the following factors is NOT a key criterion in establishing which characteristics are considered important individual differences?

Accepted Answer

A) stability over time 
B) ability to predict future outcomes 
C) relation to intelligence 
D) association with other conceptually related characteristics 
A) stability over time 
B) ability to predict future outcomes 
C) relation to intelligence 
D) association with other conceptually related characteristics

Question 10

Which of the following assertions is a true statement about who children imitate?

Accepted Answer

A) Children are more likely to imitate those with whom they have positive relationships. 
B) Children rarely imitate people other than their parents. 
C) Children imitate all adults and peers equally. 
D) Children rarely imitate adults. 
A) Children are more likely to imitate those with whom they have positive relationships. 
B) Children rarely imitate people other than their parents. 
C) Children imitate all adults and peers equally. 
D) Children rarely imitate adults.

Question 11

Which of the following assertions is an assumption of stage theories?

Accepted Answer

A) Not all children pass through stages in the same order. 
B) Transitions between stages can take a long time. 
C) When children are in a given stage, a broad range of their behavior is consistent with that stage. 
D) All of these are assumptions of stage theories. 
A) Not all children pass through stages in the same order. 
B) Transitions between stages can take a long time. 
C) When children are in a given stage, a broad range of their behavior is consistent with that stage. 
D) All of these are assumptions of stage theories.

Question 12

Which of the following actions is an example of a domain-specific learning mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A) metacognition about strategy choice 
B) recognizing objects as familiar 
C) mutual exclusivity assumption in word learning 
D) All of the answers are examples of domain-specific learning mechanisms. 
A) metacognition about strategy choice 
B) recognizing objects as familiar 
C) mutual exclusivity assumption in word learning 
D) All of the answers are examples of domain-specific learning mechanisms.

Question 13

Which of the following variables is NOT a dimension of psychological functioning that is typically considered crucial for a broad range of outcomes?

Accepted Answer

A) number of children in family 
B) self-esteem 
C) intelligence 
D) attachment 
A) number of children in family 
B) self-esteem 
C) intelligence 
D) attachment

Question 14

Which of the following statements is supported by child psychological research?

Accepted Answer

A) Help at-risk children early, before children's lives are even more poorly affected. 
B) Help at-risk children later, when you can better assess their problems. 
C) It does not matter when you help at-risk children, as long as they are helped at some point in their lives. 
D) At-risk children can rarely be helped. 
A) Help at-risk children early, before children's lives are even more poorly affected. 
B) Help at-risk children later, when you can better assess their problems. 
C) It does not matter when you help at-risk children, as long as they are helped at some point in their lives. 
D) At-risk children can rarely be helped.

Question 15

Which of the following sentences is a true statement about the effect of timing on the relation between nature and nurture?

Accepted Answer

A) Nature only influences the nurture of human beings once they are born. 
B) Nurture only influences the nature of human beings once they are born. 
C) The effects of a particular kind of nurture depend on the nature of the child at the time of the experience. 
D) A particular kind of nurture will generally exert its effect regardless of the nature of the child at the time of the experience. 
A) Nature only influences the nurture of human beings once they are born. 
B) Nurture only influences the nature of human beings once they are born. 
C) The effects of a particular kind of nurture depend on the nature of the child at the time of the experience. 
D) A particular kind of nurture will generally exert its effect regardless of the nature of the child at the time of the experience.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is an example of the manner in which children contribute to their own environment by regulating their own behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) Children who are better able to control their negative emotions have more successful peer relations than do other children. 
B) Children who are faster runners are more likely to participate in organized sports. 
C) Children whose parents' discipline involves reasoning are more likely to develop a strong conscience than are other children. 
D) Children who are twins are more similar in intelligence than children who are nontwin siblings. 
A) Children who are better able to control their negative emotions have more successful peer relations than do other children. 
B) Children who are faster runners are more likely to participate in organized sports. 
C) Children whose parents' discipline involves reasoning are more likely to develop a strong conscience than are other children. 
D) Children who are twins are more similar in intelligence than children who are nontwin siblings.

Question 17

Which of the following terms is an example of a behavioral change mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A) conditioning 
B) imitation 
C) habituation 
D) generalization 
E) All of the answers are examples of a behavioral
change mechanism. 
A) conditioning 
B) imitation 
C) habituation 
D) generalization 
E) All of the answers are examples of a behavioral
change mechanism.

Question 18

Which of the following assertions is a true statement about genetic influence on individual differences over time?

Accepted Answer

A) The degree of genetic difference typically remains stable from infancy through adulthood. 
B) The degree of genetic difference typically increases from infancy through adulthood. 
C) The degree of genetic difference typically decreases from infancy through adulthood. 
D) The degree of genetic difference typically increases from infancy through childhood, and then decreases from childhood through adulthood. 
A) The degree of genetic difference typically remains stable from infancy through adulthood. 
B) The degree of genetic difference typically increases from infancy through adulthood. 
C) The degree of genetic difference typically decreases from infancy through adulthood. 
D) The degree of genetic difference typically increases from infancy through childhood, and then decreases from childhood through adulthood.

Question 19

Individual differences:

Accepted Answer

A) are stable over time. 
B) fluctuate over time. 
C) may or may not be stable over time, depending on external changes. 
D) are never measured in developmental research. 
A) are stable over time. 
B) fluctuate over time. 
C) may or may not be stable over time, depending on external changes. 
D) are never measured in developmental research.

Question 20

Examination of which of the following characteristics would be MOST likely to reveal continuities in development?

Accepted Answer

A) daily body length over first month of life 
B) development of ability to take others' perspectives 
C) disappearance of the stepping reflex 
D) onset of menstruation 
A) daily body length over first month of life 
B) development of ability to take others' perspectives 
C) disappearance of the stepping reflex 
D) onset of menstruation

According to the text, which is NOT a factor in how children become different over time?

Which theory helps educators understand children's informal theories?

Which of the following statements is NOT an example of nature eliciting nurture?

Which of the following words of advice is an implication of psychological research for parenting?

Which of the following behaviors is an example of self- initiated activity in the domain of gendered behavior?

Which of the following statements about historical changes in the United States is true?

Whether one primarily sees continuities or discontinuities in development is, to a great deal, dependent on which of the following factors?

Which of the following factors is NOT a key criterion in establishing which characteristics are considered important individual differences?

Which of the following assertions is a true statement about who children imitate?

Which of the following assertions is an assumption of stage theories?

Which of the following actions is an example of a domain-specific learning mechanism?

Which of the following variables is NOT a dimension of psychological functioning that is typically considered crucial for a broad range of outcomes?

Which of the following statements is supported by child psychological research?

Which of the following sentences is a true statement about the effect of timing on the relation between nature and nurture?

Which of the following statements is an example of the manner in which children contribute to their own environment by regulating their own behavior?

Which of the following terms is an example of a behavioral change mechanism?

Which of the following assertions is a true statement about genetic influence on individual differences over time?

Individual differences:

Examination of which of the following characteristics would be MOST likely to reveal continuities in development?

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Filters

Exam 16: Conclusions

According to the text, which is NOT a factor in how children become different over time?

Which theory helps educators understand children's informal theories?

Which of the following statements is NOT an example of nature eliciting nurture?

Which of the following words of advice is an implication of psychological research for parenting?

Which of the following behaviors is an example of self- initiated activity in the domain of gendered behavior?

Which of the following statements about historical changes in the United States is true?

Whether one primarily sees continuities or discontinuities in development is, to a great deal, dependent on which of the following factors?

Which of the following factors is NOT a key criterion in establishing which characteristics are considered important individual differences?

Which of the following assertions is a true statement about who children imitate?

Which of the following assertions is an assumption of stage theories?

Which of the following actions is an example of a domain-specific learning mechanism?

Which of the following variables is NOT a dimension of psychological functioning that is typically considered crucial for a broad range of outcomes?

Which of the following statements is supported by child psychological research?

Which of the following sentences is a true statement about the effect of timing on the relation between nature and nurture?

Which of the following statements is an example of the manner in which children contribute to their own environment by regulating their own behavior?

Which of the following terms is an example of a behavioral change mechanism?

Which of the following assertions is a true statement about genetic influence on individual differences over time?

Individual differences:

Examination of which of the following characteristics would be MOST likely to reveal continuities in development?

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Filters