Question 1

Which of the following is the odd one out?

Accepted Answer

A) Idealism. 
B) Modernism 
C) Post-Modernism. 
D) Constructivism. 
E) Constructionism. 
A) Idealism. 
B) Modernism 
C) Post-Modernism. 
D) Constructivism. 
E) Constructionism.

Question 2

A personality researcher revisits the hypothesis that frustration leads to regression.She collects data from 49 female Internet users measuring their sense of personal frustration and their self-ratings of aggression.A scatterplot is shown below.   Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The scatterplot suggests that there are some potential outliers. 
B) There are no obvious outliers in the scatterplot. 
C) Outlying scores should have been discarded before they were reported. 
D) Outliers are not a concern in correlational analysis. 
E) Both (b)and (c). 
A) The scatterplot suggests that there are some potential outliers. 
B) There are no obvious outliers in the scatterplot. 
C) Outlying scores should have been discarded before they were reported. 
D) Outliers are not a concern in correlational analysis. 
E) Both (b)and (c).

Question 3

"Experimental designs in which all levels of each factor occur within each level of the other factor.If an experiment involves the factors age (with two levels: young and old)and sex (with two levels: male and female), the old group will contain males and females, the young group will contain males and females, the male group will contain young and old, and the female group will contain young and old." What type of design is this a glossary definition of?

Accepted Answer

A) Complete design. 
B) Multi-factor design. 
C) Fully factorial design. 
D) Demographic design. 
E) Multivariate design. 
A) Complete design. 
B) Multi-factor design. 
C) Fully factorial design. 
D) Demographic design. 
E) Multivariate design.

Question 4

Which of the following is not a goal of discourse analysis?

Accepted Answer

A) To show how language is used actively and creatively by participants to achieve complex social goals. 
B) To show that an understanding of how social goals are achieved is impossible without detailed analysis of discourse. 
C) To critique psychological (and other)research that treats language as a uniform, neutral and literal conduit for the transmission of information. 
D) Both (a)and (b). 
E) All of the above. 
A) To show how language is used actively and creatively by participants to achieve complex social goals. 
B) To show that an understanding of how social goals are achieved is impossible without detailed analysis of discourse. 
C) To critique psychological (and other)research that treats language as a uniform, neutral and literal conduit for the transmission of information. 
D) Both (a)and (b). 
E) All of the above.

Question 5

"An estimated range of values for a population parameter.The size of this is expressed as a percentage".What is this a glossary definition of?

Accepted Answer

A) Estimated variance. 
B) Population variance. 
C) Confidence interval. 
D) Population interval. 
E) Estimated confidence. 
A) Estimated variance. 
B) Population variance. 
C) Confidence interval. 
D) Population interval. 
E) Estimated confidence.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Discourse analysis focuses on the fine-grained qualities of language itself, rather than seeking to abstract other forms of data from it. 
B) Discourse analysis is a constructivist method. 
C) Discourse analysis is a positivist method. 
D) Both (a)and (b). 
E) Both (a)and (c). 
A) Discourse analysis focuses on the fine-grained qualities of language itself, rather than seeking to abstract other forms of data from it. 
B) Discourse analysis is a constructivist method. 
C) Discourse analysis is a positivist method. 
D) Both (a)and (b). 
E) Both (a)and (c).

Question 7

In the figure below, what is the main clue to the fact that there may be a statistical interaction between the two independent variables (size and symmetry)?

Accepted Answer

A) The fact that one line is higher than the other. 
B) The fact that both values are lower on the left than on the right. 
C) The fact that the lines are not parallel. 
D) The fact that mean reaction time is always between 120 and 200 ms. 
E) The fact that the researcher has displayed the data using a line graph. 
A) The fact that one line is higher than the other. 
B) The fact that both values are lower on the left than on the right. 
C) The fact that the lines are not parallel. 
D) The fact that mean reaction time is always between 120 and 200 ms. 
E) The fact that the researcher has displayed the data using a line graph.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Politics has no impact on science. 
B) The political aspects of science should never be discussed. 
C) Only bad scientists discuss the political aspects of science. 
D) Both (a)and (c) 
E) All of the above (i.e., (a), (b)and (c)). 
A) Politics has no impact on science. 
B) The political aspects of science should never be discussed. 
C) Only bad scientists discuss the political aspects of science. 
D) Both (a)and (c) 
E) All of the above (i.e., (a), (b)and (c)).

Question 9

Immersion and transcription are involved in which phase of thematic analysis?

Accepted Answer

A) Data familiarization. 
B) Data analysis. 
C) Thematic familiarization. 
D) Code generation. 
E) Data coding. 
A) Data familiarization. 
B) Data analysis. 
C) Thematic familiarization. 
D) Code generation. 
E) Data coding.

Question 10

Which of the following is not part of the contextual critique of quantitative approaches?

Accepted Answer

A) The objection to the philosophy of realism. 
B) The objection that there is more to psychological phenomena than can be conveyed by mere numbers. 
C) The claim that features of the world only exist as a result of a set of meanings that are actively constructed by communities within it. 
D) Both (a)and (b) 
E) All of the above (i.e., all are part of the contextual critique). 
A) The objection to the philosophy of realism. 
B) The objection that there is more to psychological phenomena than can be conveyed by mere numbers. 
C) The claim that features of the world only exist as a result of a set of meanings that are actively constructed by communities within it. 
D) Both (a)and (b) 
E) All of the above (i.e., all are part of the contextual critique).

Question 11

"A constructionist practice that involves the fine-grained analysis of language.By this means researchers focus on how language does more than merely describe the world or relay information, but is used instead to achieve complex social objectives in particular contexts." What research practice is this a glossary definition of?

Accepted Answer

A) Conversation analysis. 
B) Discourse analysis. 
C) Thematic analysis. 
D) Linguistic analysis. 
E) Reflexive analysis. 
A) Conversation analysis. 
B) Discourse analysis. 
C) Thematic analysis. 
D) Linguistic analysis. 
E) Reflexive analysis.

Question 12

Some social and political psychologists identified groups of people who were alarmed, concerned or cautious about climate change.They then measured the commitment of those people to take action on climate change and conducted a one-way ANOVA.The results of this are below:   Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The variances are dangerously unequal. 
B) The variances are significantly unequal (Levene statistic < .05). 
C) Analysis of variance is a special form of factor analysis and there is one significant factor here. 
D) There are 2 degrees of freedom because there are three groups. 
E) None of the above. 
A) The variances are dangerously unequal. 
B) The variances are significantly unequal (Levene statistic < .05). 
C) Analysis of variance is a special form of factor analysis and there is one significant factor here. 
D) There are 2 degrees of freedom because there are three groups. 
E) None of the above.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) It would be impossible to replicate Philip Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Study today. 
B) It would be impossible today to create a prison-like situation in order to address issues raised by Philip Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Study. 
C) It would be impossible today to publish findings from a study that creatd a prison-like situation in order to address issues raised by Philip Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Study. 
D) Both (a)and (b). 
E) Both (a)and (c). 
A) It would be impossible to replicate Philip Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Study today. 
B) It would be impossible today to create a prison-like situation in order to address issues raised by Philip Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Study. 
C) It would be impossible today to publish findings from a study that creatd a prison-like situation in order to address issues raised by Philip Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Study. 
D) Both (a)and (b). 
E) Both (a)and (c).

Question 14

A developmental psychologist developed a training program to encourage children to reduce their Internet usage.To examine its efficacy he recruited a sample of 120 children - of whom 60 were aged 11 years and 60 were aged 13.Half of the participants were randomly assigned to the training program and the amount of online usage was measured after one month.Findings were subjected to two-way ANOVA, from which the output was as follows:   Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A) The assumption of equal variances should be tested for a Hawthorne effect. 
B) The interaction effect is significant with p = .003. 
C) The effect of intercept can be removed by truncating the range. 
D) The results cannot be interpreted because the corrected total is much smaller than the total. 
E) All of the above. 
A) The assumption of equal variances should be tested for a Hawthorne effect. 
B) The interaction effect is significant with p = .003. 
C) The effect of intercept can be removed by truncating the range. 
D) The results cannot be interpreted because the corrected total is much smaller than the total. 
E) All of the above.

Question 15

A behavioural neuroscientist wishes to study the potential of a new technology for restoring vision in people with damage to a specific region of the brain.Neuropsychologists have already done work with humans who have damage to that region and their results are encouraging but the number of people available for testing is too small to make definitive conclusions.The researcher proposes testing the effect of the technology on monkeys.In order to do that test she has to damage part of the brain of the monkeys and then check if the technology restores vision.Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) This research should be done with rats to reduce the public protest. 
B) This research could be stopped if it becomes apparent that the technology is not effective. 
C) This research should be done with cats to reduce the public protest. 
D) The research can be done with monkeys providing no-one mentions this outside the laboratory. 
E) This research should only be conducted if the researcher sincerely believes it can work, and not just to show that a treatment proposed by someone else cannot work. 
A) This research should be done with rats to reduce the public protest. 
B) This research could be stopped if it becomes apparent that the technology is not effective. 
C) This research should be done with cats to reduce the public protest. 
D) The research can be done with monkeys providing no-one mentions this outside the laboratory. 
E) This research should only be conducted if the researcher sincerely believes it can work, and not just to show that a treatment proposed by someone else cannot work.

Question 16

"Explaining the purpose and procedures of research to participants after its completion.This should include a sensitive explanation and justification of any deceptions used." What construct is this a glossary definition of?

Accepted Answer

A) Post-experimental interview. 
B) Debunking. 
C) Debriefing. 
D) Dehoaxing. 
E) Demystification. 
A) Post-experimental interview. 
B) Debunking. 
C) Debriefing. 
D) Dehoaxing. 
E) Demystification.

Question 17

Some social and political psychologists identified groups of people who were alarmed, concerned or cautious about climate change.They then measured the commitment of those people to take action on climate change and conducted a one-way ANOVA.The results of this are below:   Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) We need a two-way ANOVA to look at interactions between the groups. 
B) We need to know the correlation between Alarmed and Cautious groups. 
C) Judging from the means, ceiling and floor effects do not appear likely to be a problem. 
D) The Alarmed group result is not valid it is a combination of regression to the mean and history effects. 
E) All of the above. 
A) We need a two-way ANOVA to look at interactions between the groups. 
B) We need to know the correlation between Alarmed and Cautious groups. 
C) Judging from the means, ceiling and floor effects do not appear likely to be a problem. 
D) The Alarmed group result is not valid it is a combination of regression to the mean and history effects. 
E) All of the above.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) It would be unethical to fully replicate Milgram and Zimbardo's research today. 
B) It is unethical to question Milgram and Zimbardo's research. 
C) It is unethical to discuss Milgram and Zimbardo's research. 
D) It could never be ethical to replicate any aspect of Milgram and Zimbardo's research today. 
E) The ethical issues associated with Milgram and Zimbardo's research are now fully resolved. 
A) It would be unethical to fully replicate Milgram and Zimbardo's research today. 
B) It is unethical to question Milgram and Zimbardo's research. 
C) It is unethical to discuss Milgram and Zimbardo's research. 
D) It could never be ethical to replicate any aspect of Milgram and Zimbardo's research today. 
E) The ethical issues associated with Milgram and Zimbardo's research are now fully resolved.

Question 19

A clinical neuropsychologist develops a new treatment for recovery from head trauma and administers it to one half (randomly selected)of a sample of 50 people.He measures the level of cognitive functioning one month after the trauma and analyses the data in SPSS.The output of a between-participant t-test is shown below:   Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) A measure of effect size called d can be constructed using t and the df. 
B) A measure of effect size called r can be constructed using t and the df. 
C) The effect here will be large because the effect is highly significant with F = 11.364 and p = .001. 
D) The effect here will be large because the effect is highly significant with t (48)= 5.744 and p < .001. 
E) The effect here will be large because the effect is highly significant with t (37.363)= 5.744 and p < .001. 
A) A measure of effect size called d can be constructed using t and the df. 
B) A measure of effect size called r can be constructed using t and the df. 
C) The effect here will be large because the effect is highly significant with F = 11.364 and p = .001. 
D) The effect here will be large because the effect is highly significant with t (48)= 5.744 and p < .001. 
E) The effect here will be large because the effect is highly significant with t (37.363)= 5.744 and p < .001.

Question 20

"Statistical procedures that simultaneously examine relationships between two or more variables.Bivariate statistics - that examine the relationships between two variables - constitute a particular class of these".What type of statistics is this a glossary definition of?

Accepted Answer

A) Distribution-free statistics. 
B) Non-parametric statistics. 
C) Multivariate statistics. 
D) Multi-correlational statistics. 
E) None of the above. 
A) Distribution-free statistics. 
B) Non-parametric statistics. 
C) Multivariate statistics. 
D) Multi-correlational statistics. 
E) None of the above.

Which of the following is the odd one out?

A personality researcher revisits the hypothesis that frustration leads to regression.She collects data from 49 female Internet users measuring their sense of personal frustration and their self-ratings of aggression.A scatterplot is shown below. Which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following is not a goal of discourse analysis?

"An estimated range of values for a population parameter.The size of this is expressed as a percentage".What is this a glossary definition of?

Which of the following statements is true?

In the figure below, what is the main clue to the fact that there may be a statistical interaction between the two independent variables (size and symmetry)?

Which of the following statements is false?

Immersion and transcription are involved in which phase of thematic analysis?

Which of the following is not part of the contextual critique of quantitative approaches?

Which of the following statements is true?

"Explaining the purpose and procedures of research to participants after its completion.This should include a sensitive explanation and justification of any deceptions used." What construct is this a glossary definition of?

Which of the following statements is true?

"Statistical procedures that simultaneously examine relationships between two or more variables.Bivariate statistics - that examine the relationships between two variables - constitute a particular class of these".What type of statistics is this a glossary definition of?

Research in Psychology: Objectives and Ideals

Research Methods

Experimental Design

Survey Design

Descriptive Statistics

Some Principles of Statistical Inference

Filters

Exam 7: Examining Differences Between Means: The T-Test

Which of the following is the odd one out?

A personality researcher revisits the hypothesis that frustration leads to regression.She collects data from 49 female Internet users measuring their sense of personal frustration and their self-ratings of aggression.A scatterplot is shown below. Which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following is not a goal of discourse analysis?

"An estimated range of values for a population parameter.The size of this is expressed as a percentage".What is this a glossary definition of?

Which of the following statements is true?

In the figure below, what is the main clue to the fact that there may be a statistical interaction between the two independent variables (size and symmetry)?

Which of the following statements is false?

Immersion and transcription are involved in which phase of thematic analysis?

Which of the following is not part of the contextual critique of quantitative approaches?

Which of the following statements is true?

"Explaining the purpose and procedures of research to participants after its completion.This should include a sensitive explanation and justification of any deceptions used." What construct is this a glossary definition of?

Which of the following statements is true?

"Statistical procedures that simultaneously examine relationships between two or more variables.Bivariate statistics - that examine the relationships between two variables - constitute a particular class of these".What type of statistics is this a glossary definition of?

Research in Psychology: Objectives and Ideals

Research Methods

Experimental Design

Survey Design

Descriptive Statistics

Some Principles of Statistical Inference

Filters