Question 1

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Kelly's repertory grid analysis is concerned to identify perceivers' personal constructs of aspects of the world around them. 
B) The logic of repertory grid analysis is similar to that some quantitative statistical methods. 
C) Repertory grid analysis involves identification of similarity and difference constructs in sets of three elements. 
D) Both (a)and (c). 
E) All of the above. 
A) Kelly's repertory grid analysis is concerned to identify perceivers' personal constructs of aspects of the world around them. 
B) The logic of repertory grid analysis is similar to that some quantitative statistical methods. 
C) Repertory grid analysis involves identification of similarity and difference constructs in sets of three elements. 
D) Both (a)and (c). 
E) All of the above.

Question 2

"Someone who works for the experimenter and acts in a certain predetermined way.Normally he or she pretends to be a genuine research participant, so their use involves deception." What construct is this a glossary definition of?

Accepted Answer

A) An experimenter. 
B) A critical friend. 
C) A confederate. 
D) A research assistant. 
E) A research associate. 
A) An experimenter. 
B) A critical friend. 
C) A confederate. 
D) A research assistant. 
E) A research associate.

Question 3

A clinical neuropsychologist develops a new treatment for recovery from head trauma and administers it to one half (randomly selected)of a sample of 50 people.He measures the level of cognitive functioning one month after the trauma and analyses the data in SPSS.The output of a between-participant t-test is shown below:   Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The test shows the treatment works. 
B) The test shows the treatment works so long as we can rule out problems with internal validity. 
C) The test shows the treatment works so long as we can rule out problems with internal validity and external validity (e.g., selection X treatment effects). 
D) The test shows that the effects of the treatment are not due to chance. 
E) The test provides us with good grounds to be confident that the observed difference is not due to chance. 
A) The test shows the treatment works. 
B) The test shows the treatment works so long as we can rule out problems with internal validity. 
C) The test shows the treatment works so long as we can rule out problems with internal validity and external validity (e.g., selection X treatment effects). 
D) The test shows that the effects of the treatment are not due to chance. 
E) The test provides us with good grounds to be confident that the observed difference is not due to chance.

Question 4

"Methods for collecting qualitative data in which groups of participants discuss a series of questions pertaining to a particular topic.In this way, data emerge from the interaction of the participants rather than simple question-and-answer sequences.The technique is often used to see how people resolve differences and disagreement and how consensus about a particular issue emerges." What is this a glossary definition of?

Accepted Answer

A) Delphi groups. 
B) Alpha groups. 
C) Focus groups. 
D) Engagement groups. 
E) Q-groups 
A) Delphi groups. 
B) Alpha groups. 
C) Focus groups. 
D) Engagement groups. 
E) Q-groups

Question 5

Which of the following is generally not identified as an important step in collecting and analysing qualitative data.

Accepted Answer

A) The development of appropriate research questions. 
B) Identifying key propositions. 
C) Specifying the unit(s)and context(s)of interest. 
D) Establishing the logic linking the data to the propositions. 
E) None of the above (i.e., all are important steps). 
A) The development of appropriate research questions. 
B) Identifying key propositions. 
C) Specifying the unit(s)and context(s)of interest. 
D) Establishing the logic linking the data to the propositions. 
E) None of the above (i.e., all are important steps).

Question 6

A health psychologist plans to conduct a study into alcohol use with adolescents in a country where the legal drinking age is 18.She plans to collect a sample of around 40 people under the age of 18 (20 male and 20 female)from a local youth organization and conduct face-to-face interviews and administer questionnaires that measure alcohol consumption, personality, and well-being and she also plans to secretly observe whether the young people accept alcoholic drinks at the end-of-year function organized by the youth organization.Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The researcher has no right to argue against the decision because she is unethical. 
B) The researcher has no right to argue against the decision because she is breaking the law. 
C) The researcher has no right to argue against the decision because some participants could come from cultures where alcohol is banned. 
D) The researcher should have a right to argue against the decision because the science of psychology is part of society and values are open to challenge. 
E) None of the above. 
A) The researcher has no right to argue against the decision because she is unethical. 
B) The researcher has no right to argue against the decision because she is breaking the law. 
C) The researcher has no right to argue against the decision because some participants could come from cultures where alcohol is banned. 
D) The researcher should have a right to argue against the decision because the science of psychology is part of society and values are open to challenge. 
E) None of the above.

Question 7

If a researcher is concened that the relationship between two variables is non-linear, which of the following might be good advice to help them improve their research?

Accepted Answer

A) Consider values of variables that have not been sampled and considering whether the study is compromised by failing to include these. 
B) Draw a scatterplot and see if data fall on a straight line.If they do not, be alert to the limitations of tests for linear relationships. 
C) Try to understand what is constraining responses on the affected variables.If possible, suggest alternative measures. 
D) Suggest alternative interpretations of the correlation.Consider conducting experimental studies that might address issues of causality. 
A) Consider values of variables that have not been sampled and considering whether the study is compromised by failing to include these. 
B) Draw a scatterplot and see if data fall on a straight line.If they do not, be alert to the limitations of tests for linear relationships. 
C) Try to understand what is constraining responses on the affected variables.If possible, suggest alternative measures. 
D) Suggest alternative interpretations of the correlation.Consider conducting experimental studies that might address issues of causality.

Question 8

"The degree to which a given system of categorization captures both the similarity within categories and the differences between them." What construct is this a glossary definition of?

Accepted Answer

A) Accessibility. 
B) Correspondence inference. 
C) Similarity-difference trade-off 
D) Meta-contrast. 
E) None of the above. 
A) Accessibility. 
B) Correspondence inference. 
C) Similarity-difference trade-off 
D) Meta-contrast. 
E) None of the above.

Question 9

"A summary table whose rows relate to the various sources of variation and columns relate to the corresponding sums of squares, degrees of freedom, and mean squares, as well as values of F, p and R2." What is this a glossary definition of?

Accepted Answer

A) An F-table. 
B) A covariance matrix. 
C) A variation table. 
D) An ANOVA table. 
E) none of the above. 
A) An F-table. 
B) A covariance matrix. 
C) A variation table. 
D) An ANOVA table. 
E) none of the above.

Question 10

What is the conventional ethical objection to Milgram's obedience studies?

Accepted Answer

A) The research findings were inconclusive. 
B) Participants were subjected to very high levels of stress. 
C) Participants were happy to administer electric shocks to a stranger. 
D) The study breached APA guidelines at the time. 
E) Milgram was sexist - as evidenced by the fact that most of his participants were male. 
A) The research findings were inconclusive. 
B) Participants were subjected to very high levels of stress. 
C) Participants were happy to administer electric shocks to a stranger. 
D) The study breached APA guidelines at the time. 
E) Milgram was sexist - as evidenced by the fact that most of his participants were male.

Question 11

Morten Fagerland has observed that in some areas of medical research the use of non-parametric statistical tests has increased in recent years? To what does he attribute this?

Accepted Answer

A) The fact that with larger sample sizes non-parametric tests tend to produce smaller p-values. 
B) The fact that with larger sample sizes non-parametric tests tend to produce larger p-values. 
C) The fact that with smaller sample sizes non-parametric tests tend to produce smaller p-values. 
D) The fact that with smaller sample sizes non-parametric tests tend to produce larger p-values. 
E) The fact that medical researchers have become increasingl alzy over time. 
A) The fact that with larger sample sizes non-parametric tests tend to produce smaller p-values. 
B) The fact that with larger sample sizes non-parametric tests tend to produce larger p-values. 
C) The fact that with smaller sample sizes non-parametric tests tend to produce smaller p-values. 
D) The fact that with smaller sample sizes non-parametric tests tend to produce larger p-values. 
E) The fact that medical researchers have become increasingl alzy over time.

Question 12

When Billig (2011)refers to the need to repopulate psychological research, what is his main concern?

Accepted Answer

A) That reports of psychological research treat participants as interchangeable voiceless entities. 
B) That psychological research tends to involves samples that are too small. 
C) That qualitative psychological research tends to be read by few people. 
D) That psychological research is not published in popular magazines. 
E) That qualitative psychological research is rarely used to examine census data. 
A) That reports of psychological research treat participants as interchangeable voiceless entities. 
B) That psychological research tends to involves samples that are too small. 
C) That qualitative psychological research tends to be read by few people. 
D) That psychological research is not published in popular magazines. 
E) That qualitative psychological research is rarely used to examine census data.

Question 13

A developmental psychologist developed a training program to encourage children to reduce their Internet usage.To examine its efficacy he recruited a sample of 120 children - of whom 60 were aged 11 years and 60 were aged 13.Half of the participants were randomly assigned to the training program and the amount of online usage was measured after one month.Findings were subjected to two-way ANOVA, from which the output was as follows:   Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The effect for age is large because it is less than .05 
B) The effect sizes cannot be interpreted in this output due to overlap between variables 
C) The results need to be interpreted with some caution as the table shows there were 179.414 errors in the output 
D) The results cannot be compared to a random process because the study involved randomization (which is quite different to random sampling) 
E) None of the above. 
A) The effect for age is large because it is less than .05 
B) The effect sizes cannot be interpreted in this output due to overlap between variables 
C) The results need to be interpreted with some caution as the table shows there were 179.414 errors in the output 
D) The results cannot be compared to a random process because the study involved randomization (which is quite different to random sampling) 
E) None of the above.

Question 14

In the standardized transcription system that discourse analysts use, which of the following is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A) ())Refers to a pause of less than 2 seconds. 
B) > and os surround talk that is noticeably lower in volume. 
D) : indicates a lengthening of the preceding sound. 
E) (( ))surround transcriber's comments. 
A) ())Refers to a pause of less than 2 seconds. 
B) > and os surround talk that is noticeably lower in volume. 
D) : indicates a lengthening of the preceding sound. 
E) (( ))surround transcriber's comments.

Question 15

A personality researcher revisits the hypothesis that frustration leads to regression.She collects data from 49 female Internet users measuring their sense of personal frustration and their self-ratings of aggression (on a scale from 1 to 7).A scatterplot is shown below.   Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The scatterplot suggests that Aggression scores are positively skewed. 
B) The scatterplot suggests that Aggression scores are negatively skewed. 
C) The scatterplot provides no information about skew. 
D) Scatterplots should not be used in correlational analysis as this introduces experimenter bias. 
E) Scatterplots can be used in correlational analysis but they are a major source of demand characteristics. 
A) The scatterplot suggests that Aggression scores are positively skewed. 
B) The scatterplot suggests that Aggression scores are negatively skewed. 
C) The scatterplot provides no information about skew. 
D) Scatterplots should not be used in correlational analysis as this introduces experimenter bias. 
E) Scatterplots can be used in correlational analysis but they are a major source of demand characteristics.

Question 16

"Selecting part of the sample so that there is not a full range of scores on a variable being measured." What is this a glossary definition of?

Accepted Answer

A) Restricted range. 
B) Maximum value fallacy. 
C) Floor effect. 
D) Ceiling effect. 
E) Regression to the mean. 
A) Restricted range. 
B) Maximum value fallacy. 
C) Floor effect. 
D) Ceiling effect. 
E) Regression to the mean.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is most true?

Accepted Answer

A) Grounded theory has many similarities to thematic analysis. 
B) Grounded theory has many similarities to repertory grid analysis. 
C) Grounded theory has many similarities to factor analysis. 
D) Grounded theory has many similarities to discourse analysis. 
E) Grounded theory has many similarities to multivariate analysis. 
A) Grounded theory has many similarities to thematic analysis. 
B) Grounded theory has many similarities to repertory grid analysis. 
C) Grounded theory has many similarities to factor analysis. 
D) Grounded theory has many similarities to discourse analysis. 
E) Grounded theory has many similarities to multivariate analysis.

Question 18

"The sum of the squared difference between all cell means and the grand mean multiplied by the cell size." Which construct is this a glossary definition of?

Accepted Answer

A) Sum of squares between cells (SS
B)  
B) Within-cells mean square (MSW). 
C) Between-cells mean square (MS
B) . 
D) Grand mean. 
E) Sum of mean squares (MS). 
A) Sum of squares between cells (SS
B)  
B) Within-cells mean square (MSW). 
C) Between-cells mean square (MS
B) . 
D) Grand mean. 
E) Sum of mean squares (MS).

Question 19

Which of the following is not a step in repertory grid analysis?

Accepted Answer

A) Grid construction. 
B) Identification of similarity and difference constructs in sets of three elements. 
C) Identification of similarity and difference in the remaining elements. 
D) Grid organization. 
E) Grid elaboration. 
A) Grid construction. 
B) Identification of similarity and difference constructs in sets of three elements. 
C) Identification of similarity and difference in the remaining elements. 
D) Grid organization. 
E) Grid elaboration.

Question 20

When Brocki and Weardon (2006)critique researchers who use IPA for adopting an approach that is "half hermeneutic" what is the basis of their objection?

Accepted Answer

A) Researchers fail to reflect on the meaning of a given experience for participants. 
B) Researchers fail to reflect on their own interpretative role in the research process. 
C) Researchers fail to collect enough data to make the claims that they do. 
D) Researchers often try to publish data before they have properly analysed it. 
E) Both (a)and (b). 
A) Researchers fail to reflect on the meaning of a given experience for participants. 
B) Researchers fail to reflect on their own interpretative role in the research process. 
C) Researchers fail to collect enough data to make the claims that they do. 
D) Researchers often try to publish data before they have properly analysed it. 
E) Both (a)and (b).

Which of the following statements is true?

"Someone who works for the experimenter and acts in a certain predetermined way.Normally he or she pretends to be a genuine research participant, so their use involves deception." What construct is this a glossary definition of?

Which of the following is generally not identified as an important step in collecting and analysing qualitative data.

If a researcher is concened that the relationship between two variables is non-linear, which of the following might be good advice to help them improve their research?

"The degree to which a given system of categorization captures both the similarity within categories and the differences between them." What construct is this a glossary definition of?

"A summary table whose rows relate to the various sources of variation and columns relate to the corresponding sums of squares, degrees of freedom, and mean squares, as well as values of F, p and R²." What is this a glossary definition of?

What is the conventional ethical objection to Milgram's obedience studies?

Morten Fagerland has observed that in some areas of medical research the use of non-parametric statistical tests has increased in recent years? To what does he attribute this?

When Billig (2011)refers to the need to repopulate psychological research, what is his main concern?

In the standardized transcription system that discourse analysts use, which of the following is incorrect?

"Selecting part of the sample so that there is not a full range of scores on a variable being measured." What is this a glossary definition of?

Which of the following statements is most true?

"The sum of the squared difference between all cell means and the grand mean multiplied by the cell size." Which construct is this a glossary definition of?

Which of the following is not a step in repertory grid analysis?

When Brocki and Weardon (2006)critique researchers who use IPA for adopting an approach that is "half hermeneutic" what is the basis of their objection?

Research in Psychology: Objectives and Ideals

Research Methods

Experimental Design

Survey Design

Descriptive Statistics

Some Principles of Statistical Inference

Filters

Exam 7: Examining Differences Between Means: The T-Test

Which of the following statements is true?

"Someone who works for the experimenter and acts in a certain predetermined way.Normally he or she pretends to be a genuine research participant, so their use involves deception." What construct is this a glossary definition of?

Which of the following is generally not identified as an important step in collecting and analysing qualitative data.

If a researcher is concened that the relationship between two variables is non-linear, which of the following might be good advice to help them improve their research?

"The degree to which a given system of categorization captures both the similarity within categories and the differences between them." What construct is this a glossary definition of?

"A summary table whose rows relate to the various sources of variation and columns relate to the corresponding sums of squares, degrees of freedom, and mean squares, as well as values of F, p and R2." What is this a glossary definition of?

What is the conventional ethical objection to Milgram's obedience studies?

Morten Fagerland has observed that in some areas of medical research the use of non-parametric statistical tests has increased in recent years? To what does he attribute this?

When Billig (2011)refers to the need to repopulate psychological research, what is his main concern?

In the standardized transcription system that discourse analysts use, which of the following is incorrect?

"Selecting part of the sample so that there is not a full range of scores on a variable being measured." What is this a glossary definition of?

Which of the following statements is most true?

"The sum of the squared difference between all cell means and the grand mean multiplied by the cell size." Which construct is this a glossary definition of?

Which of the following is not a step in repertory grid analysis?

When Brocki and Weardon (2006)critique researchers who use IPA for adopting an approach that is "half hermeneutic" what is the basis of their objection?

Research in Psychology: Objectives and Ideals

Research Methods

Experimental Design

Survey Design

Descriptive Statistics

Some Principles of Statistical Inference

Filters

"A summary table whose rows relate to the various sources of variation and columns relate to the corresponding sums of squares, degrees of freedom, and mean squares, as well as values of F, p and R²." What is this a glossary definition of?