Exam 2: The Early History of Correctional Thought and Practice

How was the existing system of justice altered during the Enlightenment?

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. -Utilitarianism

Jeremy Bentham was the one-time high sheriff of Bedfordshire, England, who helped spur changes that resulted in the development of the penitentiary during the late 1700s.

According to the text, certain types of legal sanctions, in the form we are familiar with today, emerged during the:

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. -Lex talionis

Under the law of retaliation, lex talionis, vengeance was a duty to be carried out by the person wronged or by a family member of the victim.

Attempts to reform prisons began in the 1500s with the disintegration of feudalism.

The Enlightenment proposed which of the following ideas for correctional reform?

Because punishment was considered a powerful general , authorities from the 16th to the 18th centuries in Europe carried out sanctions in the market square for all to see.

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. -Galley slavery

The dominant social institution during the Middle Ages in England and Europe was:

According to scholars, the Enlightenment was a reaction against feudal and traditions.

__________________ refers to punishment inflicted on the offender's body with whips or other devices that cause pain.

________________________ was an early English correctional reformer who advocated for the utility of prison confinement to treat and reform criminals' thought processes that he deemed a "hedonistic calculus."

During the Enlightenment, advances in scientific thinking led to an inquisitive attitude that emphasized all of the following ideas except for:

In your own opinion, should the United States look to incorporate punishments that they once used, but later outlawed to due to the cruel and harmful nature of such acts (e.g., corporal punishment, transportation)? Be sure to fully explain and defend your answer.

The period known as the ______________________ was a cultural movement in England and France during the 1700s, when concepts of liberalism, rationality, equality, and individualism dominated social and political thinking.

A house of _________________________ was a detention facility that combined the major elements of a workhouse, poorhouse, and penal industry by both disciplining the inmates and setting them to work.

Who was John Howard and what significance did he have in regard to correctional reform? Be sure to list and explain his major accomplishments.

The period known as the Enlightenment had what effect(s) on society?