Exam 2: The Early History of Correctional Thought and Practice

The invention of the penitentiary occurred due in large part because of:

Benefit of clergy was extended to:

Banishment can best be described as punishment inflicted on the offender's body with whips and other devices that cause physical pain and scarring.

Jeremy Bentham argued that effective punishments prevent in the future.

One of the major reasons England and Europe resorted to sending offenders to the "New World" was that their prisons and houses of corrections were overcrowded.

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. -Enlightenment

The Penitentiary Act was based upon core principles under which prisoners were confined in solitary cells and labored silently in common rooms and were subjected to:

Jeremy Bentham's classic prison design known as the ______________ called for a circular building with a glass roof and cells on each story and around the circumference of the penitentiary so that the inmates could be viewed at all times to ensure they were abiding by prison rules.

The emphasis of the ________________ on the importance of hard work and on the sinfulness of sloth sparked European reformers to urge that some means be used to provide work for the idle poor.

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. -Secular law

The law of the civil society as distinguished from church law is known as:

Public opinion about punishment has remained static over the last 200 years.

Secular law is often referred to as the __________ law of society.

was a leader of correctional reform in England and the developer of a utilitarian approach to crime and punishment.

Lex talionis embodies which of the following principles?

Until the late Middle Ages, prisons were used primarily for the detention of people awaiting trial.

For the purpose of deterrence of future criminal acts, which principle(s) did Cesare Beccaria believe were most valuable for carrying out a punishment?

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. -Hulk

The purpose of punishment as a public spectacle was:

As a social institution, corrections reflects the vision and concerns of the: