Question 1

The systems theory approach focuses on:

Accepted Answer

A) how genetic factors contribute to development. 
B) how cultural context shapes development. 
C) the "hardware" and "software" of intellectual functioning. 
D) how complex behaviors result from the interaction of multiple factors. 
A) how genetic factors contribute to development. 
B) how cultural context shapes development. 
C) the "hardware" and "software" of intellectual functioning. 
D) how complex behaviors result from the interaction of multiple factors.

Question 2

Discontinuous development is a view that regards development as a:

Accepted Answer

A) process in which new ways of understanding and responding to the world emerge at particular time periods. 
B) cumulative process of adding on more of the same types of skills that were there to begin with. 
C) process that is influenced solely by genetic factors. 
D) process that is influenced solely by environmental factors and culture. 
A) process in which new ways of understanding and responding to the world emerge at particular time periods. 
B) cumulative process of adding on more of the same types of skills that were there to begin with. 
C) process that is influenced solely by genetic factors. 
D) process that is influenced solely by environmental factors and culture.

Question 3

Investigations of historical beliefs about childhood reveal that:

Accepted Answer

A) the ways that people think about childhood have remained consistent over time. 
B) there have been many views about childhood over time. 
C) childhood has always been viewed as a distinct period of development. 
D) until modern times, children were viewed as innately good. 
A) the ways that people think about childhood have remained consistent over time. 
B) there have been many views about childhood over time. 
C) childhood has always been viewed as a distinct period of development. 
D) until modern times, children were viewed as innately good.

Question 4

One concern of researchers when testing children's reactions in an unfamiliar experimental situation is that:

Accepted Answer

A) it is usually not ethical to experiment with children. 
B) children do not enjoy participating in experiments. 
C) children may expect to get rewards and be disappointed when they do not. 
D) the children may react differently from the way they typically would behave. 
A) it is usually not ethical to experiment with children. 
B) children do not enjoy participating in experiments. 
C) children may expect to get rewards and be disappointed when they do not. 
D) the children may react differently from the way they typically would behave.

Question 5

Which of the following is of the field of developmental science?

Accepted Answer

A) The biological basis of human development has already been well understood. 
B) Cultural processes are not considered to play a large role in human development. 
C) Intervening to promote children's health and well­ being is beyond the scope of developmental scientists' activities. 
D) Interdisciplinary and international efforts combine to contribute to existing knowledge about human development. 
A) The biological basis of human development has already been well understood. 
B) Cultural processes are not considered to play a large role in human development. 
C) Intervening to promote children's health and well­ being is beyond the scope of developmental scientists' activities. 
D) Interdisciplinary and international efforts combine to contribute to existing knowledge about human development.

Question 6

A researcher who states that the environment "shapes behavior as a sculptor shapes a lump of clay" would support which theoretical framework?

Accepted Answer

A) constructivist 
B) psychodynamic 
C) behaviorist 
D) sociocultural 
A) constructivist 
B) psychodynamic 
C) behaviorist 
D) sociocultural

Question 7

What type of research activity would have the primary goal of informing social policy?

Accepted Answer

A) basic research 
B) applied research 
C) action research 
D) exploratory research 
A) basic research 
B) applied research 
C) action research 
D) exploratory research

Question 8

____________ occurs when a child modifies an existing schema to account for new experiences.

Accepted Answer

A) Accommodation 
B) Assimilation 
C) Modeling 
D) Replication 
A) Accommodation 
B) Assimilation 
C) Modeling 
D) Replication

Question 9

Behaviorist theory explains that learning occurs when individuals modify their behaviors as a result of:

Accepted Answer

A) receiving rewards and punishments. 
B) establishing a sense of personal identity. 
C) constructing higher levels of knowledge. 
D) being challenged within their zone of proximal development. 
A) receiving rewards and punishments. 
B) establishing a sense of personal identity. 
C) constructing higher levels of knowledge. 
D) being challenged within their zone of proximal development.

Question 10

Which of the following summarizes what developmentalists believe about the stability of children's psychological characteristics over time?

Accepted Answer

A) Children's characteristics are never stable over time. 
B) Children's characteristics are always stable over time because of genetic factors. 
C) The stability of children's characteristics over time depends both on genetic factors and the stability of children's environment. 
D) Physical traits, but not psychological traits, remain stable over time. 
A) Children's characteristics are never stable over time. 
B) Children's characteristics are always stable over time because of genetic factors. 
C) The stability of children's characteristics over time depends both on genetic factors and the stability of children's environment. 
D) Physical traits, but not psychological traits, remain stable over time.

Question 11

A psychologist plans to study father/child interactions and her primary concern is that she does not let her biases influence her data collection and analysis. To address this concern, she must attend primarily to ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) replicability 
B) validity 
C) reliability 
D) objectivity 
A) replicability 
B) validity 
C) reliability 
D) objectivity

Question 12

Briefly describe how the sociocultural approach to understanding human development differs from the constructivist approach.

Accepted Answer

The sociocultural approach to understand

Question 13

Theories are important for understanding child development because they:

Accepted Answer

A) provide systematic organization of many different observations. 
B) guarantee agreement among researchers about what they see. 
C) make it appear that child development experts know everything. 
D) allow immediate applications to help children. 
A) provide systematic organization of many different observations. 
B) guarantee agreement among researchers about what they see. 
C) make it appear that child development experts know everything. 
D) allow immediate applications to help children.

Question 14

A psychologist argues, "Historically, the survival of the species depended on males' hunting skills and females' food gathering skills. These activities required different spatial skills, thus explaining the origin of current gender differences in spatial abilities." What theoretical approach is this psychologist describing?

Accepted Answer

A) critical theory 
B) dynamic systems theory 
C) ecological systems theory 
D) evolutionary theory 
A) critical theory 
B) dynamic systems theory 
C) ecological systems theory 
D) evolutionary theory

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of developmental continuity?

Accepted Answer

A) the qualitative reorganization of movement required for learning to walk 
B) the gradual growth in memory capacity 
C) the shift from babbling to talking 
D) the stage­like transformations that occur as a plant grows from a seed 
A) the qualitative reorganization of movement required for learning to walk 
B) the gradual growth in memory capacity 
C) the shift from babbling to talking 
D) the stage­like transformations that occur as a plant grows from a seed

Question 16

When one scientist using the same procedure as another scientist obtains the same results, it is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) experimentation. 
B) validity. 
C) reliability. 
D) replicability. 
A) experimentation. 
B) validity. 
C) reliability. 
D) replicability.

Question 17

If an investigator found a +.50 correlation between parents' vocabularies and their children's vocabularies, it would mean that:

Accepted Answer

A) children know about half as many words as their parents. 
B) the more words parents know, the more words their children know. 
C) by talking to them, parents increase their children's vocabularies. 
D) the relationship between parents' and children's vocabularies is too small to be of significance. 
A) children know about half as many words as their parents. 
B) the more words parents know, the more words their children know. 
C) by talking to them, parents increase their children's vocabularies. 
D) the relationship between parents' and children's vocabularies is too small to be of significance.

Question 18

Your text discusses the fundamental ethical concerns of developmentalists who conduct research. Describe two of these concerns.

Accepted Answer

One fundamental ethical concern of devel

Question 19

Assume that you are interested in examining how children's relationships with their parents change over time. Propose a research study (discuss both method and design) that could used to explore this topic.

Accepted Answer

One possible research study to explore h

Question 20

The debate about whether genetic or environmental factors are the most important determinants of development and behavior:

Accepted Answer

A) is not an important issue for developmental psychologists. 
B) has been settled; environmental factors are most important. 
C) is known as the nature­nurture controversy. 
D) has been settled; genetic factors are the most important. 
A) is not an important issue for developmental psychologists. 
B) has been settled; environmental factors are most important. 
C) is known as the nature­nurture controversy. 
D) has been settled; genetic factors are the most important.

The systems theory approach focuses on:

Discontinuous development is a view that regards development as a:

Investigations of historical beliefs about childhood reveal that:

One concern of researchers when testing children's reactions in an unfamiliar experimental situation is that:

Which of the following is of the field of developmental science?

A researcher who states that the environment "shapes behavior as a sculptor shapes a lump of clay" would support which theoretical framework?

What type of research activity would have the primary goal of informing social policy?

____________ occurs when a child modifies an existing schema to account for new experiences.

Behaviorist theory explains that learning occurs when individuals modify their behaviors as a result of:

Which of the following summarizes what developmentalists believe about the stability of children's psychological characteristics over time?

A psychologist plans to study father/child interactions and her primary concern is that she does not let her biases influence her data collection and analysis. To address this concern, she must attend primarily to ____________.

Briefly describe how the sociocultural approach to understanding human development differs from the constructivist approach.

Theories are important for understanding child development because they:

Which of the following is an example of developmental continuity?

When one scientist using the same procedure as another scientist obtains the same results, it is an example of:

If an investigator found a +.50 correlation between parents' vocabularies and their children's vocabularies, it would mean that:

Your text discusses the fundamental ethical concerns of developmentalists who conduct research. Describe two of these concerns.

Assume that you are interested in examining how children's relationships with their parents change over time. Propose a research study (discuss both method and design) that could used to explore this topic.

The debate about whether genetic or environmental factors are the most important determinants of development and behavior:

Biocultural Foundations

Prenatal Development and Birth

The First Three Months

Physical and Cognitive Development in the First Two Years

Emotional and Social Development During Infancy

Language Acquisition

Physical and Cognitive Development of Early Childhood

Social and Emotional Development in Early Childhood

Contexts of Development

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

School As a Context for Development

Social and Emotional Developments in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Social and Emotional Development During Adolescence

Filters

Exam 1: The Study of Human Development

The systems theory approach focuses on:

Discontinuous development is a view that regards development as a:

Investigations of historical beliefs about childhood reveal that:

One concern of researchers when testing children's reactions in an unfamiliar experimental situation is that:

Which of the following is of the field of developmental science?

A researcher who states that the environment "shapes behavior as a sculptor shapes a lump of clay" would support which theoretical framework?

What type of research activity would have the primary goal of informing social policy?

____________ occurs when a child modifies an existing schema to account for new experiences.

Behaviorist theory explains that learning occurs when individuals modify their behaviors as a result of:

Which of the following summarizes what developmentalists believe about the stability of children's psychological characteristics over time?

A psychologist plans to study father/child interactions and her primary concern is that she does not let her biases influence her data collection and analysis. To address this concern, she must attend primarily to ____________.

Briefly describe how the sociocultural approach to understanding human development differs from the constructivist approach.

Theories are important for understanding child development because they:

Which of the following is an example of developmental continuity?

When one scientist using the same procedure as another scientist obtains the same results, it is an example of:

If an investigator found a +.50 correlation between parents' vocabularies and their children's vocabularies, it would mean that:

Your text discusses the fundamental ethical concerns of developmentalists who conduct research. Describe two of these concerns.

Assume that you are interested in examining how children's relationships with their parents change over time. Propose a research study (discuss both method and design) that could used to explore this topic.

The debate about whether genetic or environmental factors are the most important determinants of development and behavior:

Biocultural Foundations

Prenatal Development and Birth

The First Three Months

Physical and Cognitive Development in the First Two Years

Emotional and Social Development During Infancy

Language Acquisition

Physical and Cognitive Development of Early Childhood

Social and Emotional Development in Early Childhood

Contexts of Development

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

School As a Context for Development

Social and Emotional Developments in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Social and Emotional Development During Adolescence

Filters