Question 1

Which of the following is an example of naturalistic observation?

Accepted Answer

A) A 3­year­old listens to her sister practice a song on the piano, then plays that song on the piano. 
B) A teacher keeps count of how many children use each piece of playground equipment at recess. 
C) An experimenter brings children into the laboratory to test their language comprehension. 
D) A teacher examines children's test scores to see whether they have learned the multiplication tables. 
A) A 3­year­old listens to her sister practice a song on the piano, then plays that song on the piano. 
B) A teacher keeps count of how many children use each piece of playground equipment at recess. 
C) An experimenter brings children into the laboratory to test their language comprehension. 
D) A teacher examines children's test scores to see whether they have learned the multiplication tables.

Question 2

Stages of development involve changes that are:

Accepted Answer

A) slow. 
B) small. 
C) qualitative. 
D) quantitative. 
A) slow. 
B) small. 
C) qualitative. 
D) quantitative.

Question 3

Constructivist theorists believe that genetic factors most strongly influence development.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Psychologists who adopt the sociocultural framework differ from adopters of the other frameworks of development in:

Accepted Answer

A) identifying the child as an active contributor to her development. 
B) assuming that biological and experiential factors influence each other. 
C) including the culture of the child's social group as a factor in development. 
D) concerning themselves with the relative contributions of biological and experiential factors to development. 
A) identifying the child as an active contributor to her development. 
B) assuming that biological and experiential factors influence each other. 
C) including the culture of the child's social group as a factor in development. 
D) concerning themselves with the relative contributions of biological and experiential factors to development.

Question 5

Which of the following supports a stage theory of development?

Accepted Answer

A) Children often appear to be in one stage on one occasion and in a different stage on another. 
B) Children's thinking is continually changing, with most of these changes occurring gradually. 
C) The processes by which people learn new behaviors remain the same at all ages. 
D) As children develop, they proceed in a predictable order through a series of qualitatively different stages. 
A) Children often appear to be in one stage on one occasion and in a different stage on another. 
B) Children's thinking is continually changing, with most of these changes occurring gradually. 
C) The processes by which people learn new behaviors remain the same at all ages. 
D) As children develop, they proceed in a predictable order through a series of qualitatively different stages.

Question 6

Studies of the Wild Boy of Aveyron suggest that:

Accepted Answer

A) interaction with humans is critical for optimal development. 
B) critical periods in development do not exist. 
C) natural experiments should not be used to study development. 
D) the effects of negative experience can be undone with instruction. 
A) interaction with humans is critical for optimal development. 
B) critical periods in development do not exist. 
C) natural experiments should not be used to study development. 
D) the effects of negative experience can be undone with instruction.

Question 7

Describe the essential elements of the experimental method. In your answer, be certain to discuss the relation between the experimental condition and the control condition.

Accepted Answer

The experimental method is a systematic

Question 8

Explain how longitudinal and cross­sectional designs differ. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal and cross-sectional designs

Question 9

Families, peers, schools, and communities, are ____________ of children's development.

Accepted Answer

A) ethnographies 
B) domains 
C) contexts 
D) descriptions 
A) ethnographies 
B) domains 
C) contexts 
D) descriptions

Question 10

Qualitatively new patterns of behavior during development, such as the change from crawling to walking, are often referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A) stages. 
B) breakthroughs. 
C) passages. 
D) differences. 
A) stages. 
B) breakthroughs. 
C) passages. 
D) differences.

Question 11

The change in preference for pictures of infants over pictures of adults coincides with:

Accepted Answer

A) the 5 to 7 brain shift and resultant improvement in cognitive abilities. 
B) the physiological changes that make people capable of reproducing. 
C) the achievement of adult status. 
D) marriage. 
A) the 5 to 7 brain shift and resultant improvement in cognitive abilities. 
B) the physiological changes that make people capable of reproducing. 
C) the achievement of adult status. 
D) marriage.

Question 12

Describing behavior in all of its complexity is an advantage of which research technique?

Accepted Answer

A) self­report 
B) naturalistic observation 
C) experiment 
D) clinical interview 
A) self­report 
B) naturalistic observation 
C) experiment 
D) clinical interview

Question 13

The group in an experimental study that is as similar as possible to the experimental group, but does not receive the experimental manipulation, is the:

Accepted Answer

A) control group. 
B) hypothetical group. 
C) experimental group. 
D) observational group. 
A) control group. 
B) hypothetical group. 
C) experimental group. 
D) observational group.

Question 14

Concerns about cohort differences are primarily related to which research designs?

Accepted Answer

A) naturalistic observations and experiments 
B) microgenetic and experimental 
C) longitudinal and cross­sectional 
D) longitudinal and cohort sequential 
A) naturalistic observations and experiments 
B) microgenetic and experimental 
C) longitudinal and cross­sectional 
D) longitudinal and cohort sequential

Question 15

In what ways are the constructivist and sociocultural approaches similar? In what ways do they differ?

Accepted Answer

The constructivist and sociocultural app

Question 16

The type of study that compares the behavior of subjects exposed to an environmental change with the behavior of a control group not exposed to the change is:

Accepted Answer

A) an experiment. 
B) a clinical study. 
C) a correlational study. 
D) naturalistic observation. 
A) an experiment. 
B) a clinical study. 
C) a correlational study. 
D) naturalistic observation.

Question 17

The theorist known for his appreciation of the active role that children play in their own knowledge construction is:

Accepted Answer

A) Freud. 
B) Bandura. 
C) Piaget. 
D) Bronfenbrenner. 
A) Freud. 
B) Bandura. 
C) Piaget. 
D) Bronfenbrenner.

Question 18

The Wild Boy of Aveyron:

Accepted Answer

A) eventually learned to speak fluent French. 
B) displayed strong sexual and aggressive instincts. 
C) learned to communicate simple needs, but never mastered speech. 
D) never progressed beyond walking on all fours and making animal­like sounds. 
A) eventually learned to speak fluent French. 
B) displayed strong sexual and aggressive instincts. 
C) learned to communicate simple needs, but never mastered speech. 
D) never progressed beyond walking on all fours and making animal­like sounds.

Question 19

By studying the Wild Boy of Aveyron, Itard hoped to learn something about the:

Accepted Answer

A) behavior of the mentally ill. 
B) causes of mental retardation. 
C) behavior of animals in their natural habitats. 
D) role of the environment in shaping development. 
A) behavior of the mentally ill. 
B) causes of mental retardation. 
C) behavior of animals in their natural habitats. 
D) role of the environment in shaping development.

Question 20

Differentiate between naturalistic observations and experiments. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each research method?

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observations and experiment

Which of the following is an example of naturalistic observation?

Stages of development involve changes that are:

Constructivist theorists believe that genetic factors most strongly influence development.

Psychologists who adopt the sociocultural framework differ from adopters of the other frameworks of development in:

Which of the following supports a stage theory of development?

Studies of the Wild Boy of Aveyron suggest that:

Describe the essential elements of the experimental method. In your answer, be certain to discuss the relation between the experimental condition and the control condition.

Explain how longitudinal and crosssectional designs differ. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?

Families, peers, schools, and communities, are ____________ of children's development.

Qualitatively new patterns of behavior during development, such as the change from crawling to walking, are often referred to as:

The change in preference for pictures of infants over pictures of adults coincides with:

Describing behavior in all of its complexity is an advantage of which research technique?

The group in an experimental study that is as similar as possible to the experimental group, but does not receive the experimental manipulation, is the:

Concerns about cohort differences are primarily related to which research designs?

In what ways are the constructivist and sociocultural approaches similar? In what ways do they differ?

The type of study that compares the behavior of subjects exposed to an environmental change with the behavior of a control group not exposed to the change is:

The theorist known for his appreciation of the active role that children play in their own knowledge construction is:

The Wild Boy of Aveyron:

By studying the Wild Boy of Aveyron, Itard hoped to learn something about the:

Differentiate between naturalistic observations and experiments. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each research method?

Biocultural Foundations

Prenatal Development and Birth

The First Three Months

Physical and Cognitive Development in the First Two Years

Emotional and Social Development During Infancy

Language Acquisition

Physical and Cognitive Development of Early Childhood

Social and Emotional Development in Early Childhood

Contexts of Development

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

School As a Context for Development

Social and Emotional Developments in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Social and Emotional Development During Adolescence

Filters

Exam 1: The Study of Human Development

Which of the following is an example of naturalistic observation?

Stages of development involve changes that are:

Constructivist theorists believe that genetic factors most strongly influence development.

Psychologists who adopt the sociocultural framework differ from adopters of the other frameworks of development in:

Which of the following supports a stage theory of development?

Studies of the Wild Boy of Aveyron suggest that:

Describe the essential elements of the experimental method. In your answer, be certain to discuss the relation between the experimental condition and the control condition.

Explain how longitudinal and cross­sectional designs differ. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?

Families, peers, schools, and communities, are ____________ of children's development.

Qualitatively new patterns of behavior during development, such as the change from crawling to walking, are often referred to as:

The change in preference for pictures of infants over pictures of adults coincides with:

Describing behavior in all of its complexity is an advantage of which research technique?

The group in an experimental study that is as similar as possible to the experimental group, but does not receive the experimental manipulation, is the:

Concerns about cohort differences are primarily related to which research designs?

In what ways are the constructivist and sociocultural approaches similar? In what ways do they differ?

The type of study that compares the behavior of subjects exposed to an environmental change with the behavior of a control group not exposed to the change is:

The theorist known for his appreciation of the active role that children play in their own knowledge construction is:

The Wild Boy of Aveyron:

By studying the Wild Boy of Aveyron, Itard hoped to learn something about the:

Differentiate between naturalistic observations and experiments. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each research method?

Biocultural Foundations

Prenatal Development and Birth

The First Three Months

Physical and Cognitive Development in the First Two Years

Emotional and Social Development During Infancy

Language Acquisition

Physical and Cognitive Development of Early Childhood

Social and Emotional Development in Early Childhood

Contexts of Development

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

School As a Context for Development

Social and Emotional Developments in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Social and Emotional Development During Adolescence

Filters

Explain how longitudinal and crosssectional designs differ. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?