Exam 15: Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

The activation of a common effector by signals from a variety of unrelated receptors, each of which binds to its own ligand, is called _________.

Which was NOT an observation made in the initial experiments that revealed effects of auxin signaling?

Who was one of the first scientists to observe the effects of the plant hormone auxin?

How many high-affinity sweet-taste receptors have been identified?

Which amino acids are known to be phosphorylated by protein kinases?

_____ is formed from the amino acid L-______ in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme _____.

Which of the following supports the ligand-mediated model of receptor dimerization?

Following a nerve impulse, what triggers the opening of plasma membrane voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels?

Which gene in C. elegans was found to play a critical role in apoptosis?

Which hormone is secreted by β-cells in the pancreas in response to low blood glucose levels?

Bcl-2 acts as ________ by promoting ___________.

_________ are enzymes that phosphorylate specific tyrosine residues on protein substrates.

Once the kinase domain of receptor protein-tyrosine kinase has been activated, what does the activated receptor protein-tyrosine kinase do?

Arrestin binding to GPCRs __________.

Which of the following features is a requirement for ligand-mediated dimerization?

Which cells secrete epinephrine?

The _________ pathway of apoptosis is one in which external stimuli activate apoptosis via a signaling pathway.

The enzyme that has been identified as a negative regulator of glycogen synthase is ______.

The auxin response factor (ARF)family members are believed to encode _______________.

In cells exposed to stressful stimuli, like X-rays or damaging chemicals, what response does the MAP kinase cascade coordinate?