Exam 2: How Probation Developed: Chronicling Its Past and Present

Vermont was the second state to pass a probation statute, adopting a(n) _____ plan of organization in 1898.

The first juvenile court was established in Chicago in

In 1984, the Comprehensive Crime Control Act abolished federal parole and brought all supervised prison releasees under the judicial control of federal probation departments.

Diversion is also known as

Statewide probation was first sanctified by statute in which of the following states in 1878?

The "brokerage of services era of community corrections" involved identifying the needs of probationers and parolees and referring them to an appropriate community agency.

Federal probation was not officially established until

In the contemporary organizational structure of probation agencies in the United States, the practices are

How has the concept of supervision changed over the past century? What factors have brought about these changes?

Elmira, New York, is the location of the first juvenile justice system in the United States.

Who were John Augustus and Matthew Davenport Hill, and what was their role in regard to probation in their respective countries?

__________ is considered to be one of the original cofounders of probation and has been credited for laying the foundation for probation in England.

The community corrections model known as the ____________ model sought to provide therapeutic services to probationers or parolees (often referred to as clients) to assist them in living productively in the community.

Juvenile probation was formed under English common law and the doctrine of ____________, which is a Latin term for the doctrine that "the state is parent" and therefore serves as guardian of juveniles who might not be able to fend for themselves.

The National Probation Act was signed into law by

In 1898, Vermont became the second state to pass a probation statute and adopted a county plan of organization.

_____ is the philosophy of allowing the state to serve as the guardian of juveniles who might not be able to fend for themselves.

About ________% of current probationers have at least one prior conviction.

The two kinds of suspended sentences are suspension of imposition of sentence and suspension of execution of sentence.

Early British criminal law was dominated by the objectives of punishment and retribution.